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Calves
\"This search-and-find book invites early readers to look for new vocabulary words and pictures of baby cows. Gives simple facts about calves living on a farm\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease overview
Background
Legg–Calvé–Perthes Disease (LCPD) is a necrosis of the femoral head which affects the range of motion of the hips. Its incidence is variable, ranging from 0.4/100,000 to 29.0/ 100,000 children. Although LCPD was first described in the beginning of the past century, limited is known about its etiology. Our objective is to describe the main areas of interest in Legg–Calve–Perthes disease.
Methods
A review of the literature regarding LCPD etiology was performed, considering the following inclusion criteria: Studies reporting clinical or preclinical results. The research group carried out a filtered search on the PubMed and Science Direct databases. To maximize the suitability of the search results, we combined the terms ‘‘Perthes disease” OR “LCPD” OR “children avascular femoral head necrosis” with “diagnostic” OR “treatment” OR “etiology” as either key words or MeSH terms.
Results
In this article been described some areas of interest in LCPD, we include topics such as: history, incidence, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and possible etiology, since LCPD has an unknown etiology.
Conclusions
This review suggests that LCPD has a multifactorial etiology where environmental, metabolic and genetic agents could be involved.
Journal Article
Cows and their calves
\"Easy-to-follow text and photos introduce readers to cows and their calves. Plus each title includes bonus augmented reality video to help readers learn more\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Targeted transarterial embolization of the femoral head: development of a minimally invasive approach to model Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease in piglets
Clinical management of children with Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease (LCPD) is hampered by incomplete understanding of how the extent of ischemic injury and the duration and quality of subsequent repair determine patient outcome. The traditional piglet model of LCPD is limited to capturing global femoral head ischemia; thus, a new model is needed in which the extent of ischemia can be varied to replicate the spectrum of disease seen in children. In this exploratory study, we used an iterative approach to test and refine methods to bilaterally occlude vessels supplying the femoral heads in n = 8 young piglets under angiographic control. The deep and/or acetabular medial femoral circumflex arteries (DMFCA and AMFCA) were identified and embolized using either embolic particles or liquid embolic agents. The extent of ischemia was assessed immediately post-embolization (4 piglets) and/or 7 days following embolization (7 piglets) using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI). After the final CE-MRI, piglets were euthanized, and their femora were harvested for histologic evaluation. Embolization of the DMFCA alone caused transient ischemia that largely resolved by 7 days with small regions of fibrovascular repair of ischemic injury remaining on histology. Embolization of both the DMFCA and AMFCA resulted in a greater degree of pathologic changes at 7 days post-operatively, but also with nearly complete restoration of femoral head perfusion. We found that combining injection of embolic particles with subsequent placement of an embolic micro-coil was the most effective approach to induce ischemic injury, which may be aided in larger piglets. While our findings should be interpreted cautiously due to the wide range in the age and size of animals investigated, they demonstrate that transarterial embolization of the vascular supply of the femoral head results in transient ischemia and histological changes consistent with partial ischemic injury. These results will inform further development of a minimally invasive piglet model of LCPD that offers a unique representation of the spectrum of pathophysiology of LCPD compared to the traditional model.
Journal Article
Meet a baby cow
\"This title explores the life cycle of a cow in the wild as well as exploring concepts such as milking and other cow traits and behaviors relevant to farm life\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
A Perspective on the Use of Sexed Semen to Reduce the Number of Surplus Male Dairy Calves in Ireland: A Pilot Study
The production of surplus male offspring illustrates a socioethical concern in the dairy industry. In this article, we highlight the animal health and welfare implications of production outputs for surplus dairy calves, namely veal production, dairy calf to beef production, and euthanasia. Moreover, we present a pilot study focus on exploring the perception of key industry actors within the dairy industry in Ireland regarding the use of sexed semen as a mitigation strategy to reduce the production of surplus male dairy calves. A pilot survey was completed by farmers ( n = 6), veterinarians ( n = 17), and dairy farm advisors ( n = 11). All the veterinarians, 80% of the farmers, and 62% of the advisors believed that the use of sexed semen had a positive influence on herd welfare. All participants identified the same barriers to the implementation of sexed semen: lower conception rate, lower availability, and higher cost. The reviewed literature highlights the importance of tailored communication to support knowledge exchange between stakeholders and key industry actors such as dairy farmers, their veterinarians, and advisors. Research to understand stakeholders' perception is pivotal to address socioethical concerns such as the surplus male dairy calves.
Journal Article
Calves
\"[This book] introduces emergent readers to the world of a newborn calf while providing them with a supportive first nonfiction reading experience\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Raising calves using cold methods at an early age
The article discusses the results of scientific and economic experience carried out in the winter - in the spring period, which showed that when raising newborns and calves in dispensary houses in the open air, it is necessary to strictly comply with a number of favorable conditions; calving of cows should take place in stalls: newborn calves in must be kept in a place with their mothers for 24 hours; Calves should be provided with more careful care and their own - temporary feeding, daily addition of dry straw bedding. Young animals raised in the open air, subject to all these specified conditions, are significantly less susceptible to gastrointestinal diseases, grow better and use high-quality roughage more.
Journal Article
Raisin, the littlest cow
Raisin enjoys being the littlest cow in the herd, but everything changes when her baby brother arrives.
Book
Microbiota of newborn calves and their mothers reveals possible transfer routes for newborn calves’ gastrointestinal microbiota
The intestinal microbiota of newborns plays an important role in the development of immunity and metabolism. In livestock animals, knowledge of the intestinal microbiota is essential not only to prevent diseases but also to optimize weight gain and performance. The aim of our study was to examine faecal samples repeatedly within the first two days of life using 16S rRNA gene High Throughput Sequencing. Additionally, samples from the mouths of the calves and the vaginas, colostrum, and faeces of the dams were included to evaluate possible sources of the calf faecal microbiota. The calf faecal microbiota was highly variable during the first 48 hours post natum (p.n.). Significant changes were found in species diversity and richness, in copy numbers evaluated by qPCR and in predominant bacteria over time. The most pronounced changes occurred between 6 and 24 hours p.n. All calf faecal samples were dominated by Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Cow faecal samples showed significantly higher species richness, diversity, number of observed OTUs, and copy numbers compared to all other samples. OTUs belonging to the family Ruminococcaceae were most abundant in cow faecal and vaginal samples. Colostrum was dominated by Enhydrobacter affiliated OTUs. To identify possible inoculation routes for the calf microbiota, we analysed OTU sharing between samples. The calf microbiota during the first two days of life was clearly distinct from the dam's faecal microbiota. Furthermore, colostrum microbiota clearly differed from calf and cow faecal microbiota and thus most likely does not play an important role as inoculation source for calf microbiota during the first two days of life. In contrast, the cow vaginal and the calf faecal microbiota were more similar, suggesting that some of the calf faecal microbiota may derive from inoculation from the birth canal during birth.
Journal Article