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To reduce carbon emissions of an integrated energy system (IES), and decrease curtailment of wind and solar energy due to the “power determined by heat” characteristics of combined heat and power (CHP) units, this paper proposes a low‐carbon and economic optimal scheduling model of an IES that considers solar thermal coupled with CHP. First, to alleviate the coupling of heat and electric power, a solar thermal collector (STC)‐CHP unit model is developed by integrating an STC unit with the traditional CHP unit in the IES. In addition, hydrogen energy utilization equipment, including hydrogen fuel cell (HFC), hydrogen storage (HS), is introduced based on the traditional power‐to‐gas (P2G) process, to fully exploit the value of hydrogen. Meanwhile, the carbon capture system (CCS) is considered in the IES to reduce the carbon emission. Next, a low‐carbon economic dispatch model of the STC‐CHP‐P2G‐CCS coupled IES is established considering the reward and punishment ladder‐type carbon trading (RPLCT) mechanism, aiming to minimize economic costs. The proposed model is solved by programming the CPLEX solver through the YALMIP toolbox. Finally, two categories of scenarios simulation are set up to evaluate the proposed IES and its dispatch strategy. Results show that the total daily operating cost of the proposed system amounts to 8.6525 million RMB, marking a significant reduction of 8.2695 million RMB compared to the basic system. This substantial saving not only covers but also exceeds the daily investment cost of 1.8561 million RMB required for the new equipment, demonstrating a certain level of economic viability. In addition, the system achieves a 100% renewable energy accommodation rate, and carbon emissions are reduced by 2596.3 tons by incorporating the RPLCT mechanism, achieving negative carbon emissions. A model for the low‐carbon economic dispatch of an IES is constructed that incorporates STC‐CHP‐P2G‐CCS coupling. The model effectively integrates STC and CHP unit to alleviate the “power determined by heat” operation constraint of the CHP unit. To further decrease carbon emissions and enhance renewable energy accommodation, CCS and two‐stage P2G equipment are also introduced, along with the RPLCT mechanism to limit carbon emissions.

Developing a low-carbon power system is critical and fundamental to cope with the challenges of global warming, in which the carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology will play a key role. In this study, the characteristics of energy flow and operation of carbon capture plants (CCPs) are clarified, while the mutual constraint between total generation output of CCPs and operation power consumption of carbon capture system is analysed. Then a generation output model and the optimal dispatch principle of CCPs is established, which can identify how the amount of carbon captured can represent a premium payment that can offset the increase in costs caused by the reduction on power output due to the CCS. On this basis, what with the low-carbon economy factors, a economic power dispatch model under low-carbon economy with CCPs considered is proposed. With the generation fuel cost and carbon emission cost incorporated in the objective function, the model proposed can effectively evaluate the power dispatch problem under low-carbon economy. Studies of the economic power dispatch of the 3-unit, 26-unit and 54-unit test systems show that the model proposed is effective and practical.

In the current literature, there exists a lack of analysis regarding the coordination of the spinning reserve and time-shift characteristics of hydrogen storage systems (HSS) and flexible carbon capture systems (FCCS) in terms of low-carbon economic operation. They are presently used solely as a tool to capture carbon dioxide, without fully utilizing the advantages of their flexible operation. The coordination and complementarity of the FCCS and HSS can ensure stable power supply and improve renewable energy (RE) consumption. Combined with demand side response (DSR), these factors can maximize the RE consumption capacity, reduce carbon emissions, and improve revenue. In this paper, a source-storage-load flexible scheduling strategy is proposed by considering the complementary nature of FCCS and HSS in terms of rotating standby and time-shift characteristics. First, the operational mechanisms of FCCS, HSS, and demand side response (DSR) are analyzed, and their mathematical models are constructed to improve flexibility in grid operation and regulation. Next, deficiencies in FCCS and HSS operation under rotating reserve requirements are analyzed to design a coordinated operation framework for the FCCS and HSS. This operational framework aims to enable the complementarity of the rotating reserve and time-shift characteristics of FCCS and HSS. Finally, based on the carbon emission trading mechanism, a three-stage ladder carbon emission trading cost model is constructed, and a source-storage-load flexible scheduling strategy is established to achieve an effective balance between low carbon emissions and economic performance. The simulation results demonstrate that the strategy reduces the overall cost by 8.57%, reduces the carbon emissions by 35.33%, and improves the renewable energy consumption by 3.5% compared with the unoptimized scheme.

As the global warming crisis becomes increasingly serious, sustainable dispatch strategies that can reduce CO2 emissions are gradually developed. Aiming at the problems of poor synergy between carbon capture systems (CCS) and P2G as well as the potential of the source-load interaction of microgrids with electric vehicles for carbon reduction that needs to be explored, this paper proposes a source-load coordinated low-carbon economic dispatch strategy for microgrids, including electric vehicles. Firstly, considering the low-carbon operation characteristics of CCS and P2G, a comprehensively flexible and cooperative operation mode for CCS and P2G is constructed. Secondly, based on the carbon reduction potential of demand response on the energy consumption side, a demand response optimal scheduling model considering the participation of electric vehicles in the microgrid is established. Finally, based on the complementary characteristics of low-carbon resources on both sides of the microgrid, a source-load coordinated low-carbon economic dispatch strategy for the microgrid is proposed. The results show that the strategy proposed in this paper can fully use the energy time-shift advantage of CCS and P2G and can combine EVs and other load-side resources to flexibly participate in demand-side response, which effectively realizes source-load synergy and improves the low carbon and economy of the microgrid.

Carbon capture systems and the utilization of renewable energy are key ways to reduce carbon emissions, but their uncertainty seriously affects the stable operation and economic efficiency of power systems. To tackle this challenge, a low-carbon economic scheduling model for microgrid electric-thermal integrated energy systems(IES) considering uncertainties is proposed in this paper. The model suggests an ideal dispatch of the IES system that accounts for the disruption of the carbon capture system’s integration into the grid belt and plans for the carbon capture plant’s low carbon features. Mechanisms for operating and scheduling systems couple wind energy with carbon capture power plants. These mechanisms also invoke demand response resources on the load side. The system’s low carbon performance is increased through cooperative source–load resource optimization. A well-established industrial automation optimal dispatch model is developed using YALMIP and CPLEX. The results show that this method is helpful to solve the problem of system adaptability and seek a balance between low-carbon and economy. When considering uncertainties, the ability to resist risks of the system is improved, but the cost will increase by about 3%.

The challenge of achieving net-zero carbon emissions in the shipping sector is a pressing issue that is yet to be fully overcome. While new fuels and technologies hold promise for the future, they are not currently viable solutions on a large scale in the short-term. One strategy that is being considered as a way to reduce CO2 and CO emissions in the immediate future is carbon capture technology. Additionally, the possibility of a carbon tax being implemented in the future further strengthens the case for the adoption of this technology, which is already quite mature and in use in industries, although it has yet to be developed in the maritime sector. In this paper, the authors start from the definition of carbon capture technology to provide a technical overview of the solutions that are currently available to the maritime sector. Given the absolute innovation of such systems for application on board ships, the authors studied their installation and developed appropriate schemes to illustrate the feasibility of integration of these new technologies on board. Furthermore, the authors highlight the different levels of technological readiness of the proposed systems based on their potential for implementation on board commercial vessels.

Climate change poses a global challenge related to the reduction of pollutant atmospheric emissions and the maritime transportation sector is directly involved, due to its significant impact on the production of Greenhouse Gases and other substances. While established technologies have effectively targeted emissions like Nitrogen Oxides (NO X ) and Sulfur Oxides (SO X ), the persistence of Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions represents an ongoing and significant concern. Novel technologies targeting CO 2 reduction have been lately studied and proposed for inland applications, and are now being developed for maritime applications. With this regard, the present study explores the potential of Carbon Capture Systems (CCS) to mitigate CO 2 emissions produced by cargo ships. While the implementation of CCS faces challenges, including space limitations and logistical complexities, its possible integration onboard marks a significant step in the fight against climate change. The authors propose an innovative approach using a Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH) 2 based CCS, offering the dual benefit of CO 2 reduction and the potential resolution of ocean acidification through Calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), the final product resulting from the CO 2 capture process. Additionally, the study examines the feasibility of the generated product for reuse in industry, promoting a circular economy and addressing environmental issues. This innovative solution underscores the urgent need for transformative measures to reduce maritime emissions, in line with efforts to safeguarding the marine environment and combat climate change.

In order to promote the utilization level of new energy resources for local and efficient consumption, this paper introduces the biogas (BG) fermentation technology into the integrated energy system (IES). This initiative is to study the collaborative and optimal scheduling of IES with wind power (WP), photovoltaic (PV), and BG, while integrating carbon capture system (CCS) and power-to-gas (P2G) system. Firstly, the framework of collaborative operation of IES for BG-CCS-P2G is constructed. Secondly, the flexible scheduling resources of the source and load sides are fully exploited, and the collaborative operation mode of CCS-P2G is proposed to establish a model of IES with WP, PV, and BG multi-energy flow coupling. Then, with the objective of minimizing the intra-day operating cost and the constraints of system energy balance and equipment operating limits, the IES with WP, PV, and BG collaborative optimal scheduling model is established. Finally, taking into account the uncertainty of the output of WP and PV generation, the proposed optimal scheduling model is solved by CPLEX, and its validity is verified by setting several scenarios. The results show that the proposed collaborative operation mode and optimal scheduling model can realize the efficient, low-carbon, and economic operation of the IES with WP, PV, and BG and significantly enhance the utilization of new energy for local consumption.

The coupling of electricity, heat, and hydrogen subsystems together with carbon capture technologies introduces complex operational interactions in modern multi-energy systems. Existing game-based scheduling studies mainly focus on electricity–heat or electricity–heat–gas coupling, often neglecting hydrogen blending, carbon capture integration, and strategic coordination among heterogeneous stakeholders. To address these gaps, this study develops a game-theoretic hierarchical optimization framework for electricity–heat–hydrogen integrated energy systems incorporating carbon capture. Compared with conventional multi-energy game models, the proposed framework integrates hydrogen blending and carbon capture into a unified electricity–heat–hydrogen–carbon coupling structure, enabling coordinated low-carbon operation. A Stackelberg leader–follower structure is adopted, where the upper-level operator determines electricity and heat prices, and lower-level participants optimize generation dispatch and demand response accordingly. The bi-level model is transformed into an equivalent single-level formulation using Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions and solved through a hybrid particle swarm optimization–mathematical programming approach. Simulation results based on an extended IEEE 30-bus system demonstrate improved coordination, enhanced scheduling flexibility, and reduced operating costs and carbon emissions. Compared with centralized optimization, the proposed framework enables the integrated energy operator and energy supplier to achieve revenues of 3.18 × 105 CNY and 3.95 × 105 CNY, respectively, while reducing the load aggregator’s cost by 41.71%, confirming its effectiveness for coordinated low-carbon IES scheduling.

As the global shift toward a low-carbon economy accelerates, hydrogen is emerging as a crucial energy source. Among conventional methods for hydrogen production, steam methane reforming (SMR), commonly paired with pressure swing adsorption (PSA) for hydrogen purification, stands out due to its established infrastructure and technological maturity. This comprehensive techno-economic analysis focuses on membrane-based hydrogen production, evaluating four configurations, namely SMR, SMR with PSA, SMR with a palladium membrane, and SMR with a ceramic–carbonate membrane coupled with a carbon capture system (CCS). The life cycle cost (LCC) of each configuration was assessed by analyzing key factors, including production rate, hydrogen pricing, equipment costs, and maintenance expenses. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted to identify major cost drivers influencing the LCC, providing insights into the economic and operational feasibility of each configuration. The analysis reveals that SMR with PSA has the lowest LCC and is significantly more cost-efficient than configurations involving the palladium and ceramic–carbonate membranes. SMR with a ceramic–carbonate membrane coupled with CCS also demonstrates the most sensitive to energy variations due to its extensive infrastructure and energy requirement. Sensitivity analysis confirms that SMR with PSA consistently provides the greatest cost efficiency under varying conditions. These findings underscore the critical balance between cost efficiency and environmental considerations in adopting membrane-based hydrogen production technologies.