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To date, most research on nursing stress has addressed the full range of stressors in work environments. Caring stress can be viewed as a specific dimension of occupational stress, focusing on the psychological and physiological strain arising directly from patient care, rather than broader organizational or administrative factors. This study aims to explore the general dimensions of caring stress among nurses, focusing on the experiences of nurses working in healthcare facilities interacting with patients. This study employs an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design. In the qualitative phase, interviews and conventional content analysis will gather insights on caring stress and management among nurses, which will inform the development of a preliminary scale. The quantitative phase involves psychometric testing of the scale, including face and content validity assessments, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to confirm construct validity. Reliability will be measured using internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest methods. Responsiveness and interpretability will also be evaluated to ensure the scale's sensitivity to changes over time. By incorporating cultural and workplace factors specific to Iranian nurses, the scale offers a contextually relevant measure of caring-related stress and management strategies. Comprehensive validity and reliability assessments demonstrate the scale's potential as a robust instrument for guiding effective interventions and future research in occupational health among nurses. The development and psychometric evaluation of the Caring Stress Management Scale provides a significant step forward for understanding the specific stressors faced by nurses in caring roles.

人口高齡化在世界各國衍生長期照護、支出增加等社經問題，沈重的生活壓力讓照顧者身心俱疲，甚至有照顧者不堪負荷選擇結束生命。由此可知，照顧壓力全面性地影響照顧者生理、心理以及全家的生活，「照顧負荷」成為健康照護體制中不得不面對的問題與挑戰。近年，正向心理學崛起，照顧負荷的研究逐漸轉為探究照顧者的正向經驗及調適的過程。研究指出照顧者在照護過程中學習因應策略進而渡過危機，他們能成功因應似乎與復原力的展現高度相關。因此，藉由本文可了解照顧者負荷及復原力的內涵，以及護理人員如何在照顧過程中察覺照顧者的復原力潛能，為其提供個別性的協助。最後，文中針對照顧者復原力發展的過程加以說明，並綜整文獻後提出諸項提升照顧者復原力的護理措施。本文提供了一個協助長照壓力下的照顧者，運用正向能量與其復原力的新思維，期盼本文能提供健康照護專業人員之照護參考。

Social and economic problems related to population aging are becoming increasingly prevalent in many industrialized nations. Moreover, life-related stresses is causing caregivers to become fatigued and exhausted, with some even choosing to end their life due to their overwhelming burdens of care. Evidence demonstrates that failure to cope effectively with the burdens of care greatly increases the risk of personal physical, mental, and family problems for the caregivers. Therefore, caregiver burden is an increasingly important issue and challenge for the long-term care service system. Positive psychology has been studied widely in recent years, and current related research has focused on exploring caregivers' positive coping experiences. Empirical studies indicate that caregivers overcome crisis because they acquire coping strategies and learn to adjust during the caring process. Furthermore, these articles show the successful handling of caring stress to be highly correlated with resilience. This research exa

Introduction: A nurse who experience burnout feelings will influence their motivation, and quality performance. This situation is probably affecting a decline in work quality towards the caring behaviour demonstrated by nurses to their patiens, particularly for a nurse who are working in the long-stay installation room facing directly to patient's problems. The purpose of this research is to identify the work stress level of nurse towards the nurse's caring behaviour in the long-stay installation room (IRNA) in general hospital in Malang.Method: This research used descriptive – correlational, the sampling was Non Probability Purposive Sampling with 93 nurses as the corresponds. The data was analyzed by operating Correlation Pearson, with a significance of p < 0.05.Result: The result found that there was a substantial correlation between the work stress level and the nurse's caring behaviour with p = 0.008 and r = -0.274, and it was a negative correlation.Discussion: It means that when the stress level of nurses will declined, the nurse's caring behavior automatically will beamplified. Conversely, if the stess level of nurses intensively increased, the nurse's caring behaviour become decreased. Thus, this research is needed to be analyzed further in order to asses the quality of caring behaviour by expanding the connected indicator and variable. It is aimed to improve the professionalism and quality of nurses in giving the best service to patients this research need to be continued further in order to asses the quality of nurse's caring behavior by expanding the variable, which is related to internal factors, such as knowledge, perception, emotion, ect and also connected to external factors, such as environment, both physically and non physically like: climate, human being, social economic, culture and ect.

Background Nursing is considered a hard job and their work stresses can have negative effects on health and quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between job stress with quality of life and care behaviors in nurses. Methods This cross-sectional survey design study was performed with the participation of 115 nurses working in two hospitals. The nurses were selected via the availability sampling method and data were collected by demographic characteristics, nurses ‘job stress, quality of life (SF12), and Caring Dimension Inventory questionnaires. Results The mean (SD) total scores of job stress, quality of life and caring behavior were 2.77 (0.54), 56.64 (18.05) and 38.23 (9.39), respectively. There was a statistically significant and negative relationship between total job stress scores with quality of life ( r = -0.44, P  < 0.001, Medium effect) and caring behaviors ( r =-0.26, P  < 0.001, Small effect). Univariate linear regression showed that job stress alone could predict 27.9% of the changes in the total quality of life score (β =-0.534, SE = 0.051, R 2adj  = 0.279, P  < 0.001) and 4.9% of the changes in the total score of caring behaviors (β =-0.098, SE = 0.037, R 2adj  = 0.049 P  < 0.001). Conclusions Job stress has a negative effect on the quality of life related to nurses’ health. It can also overshadow the performance of care and reduce such behaviors in nurses, which may be one of the factors affecting the outcome of patients.

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Trauma within Organizations Staff Support in Secure Mental Health Services Psychological Consequences Trauma Support Models in Two European Countries The Experience of St. Andrew's Healthcare, United Kingdom Developing a Model of Trauma Support That Benefits the People and the Business The St. Andrews ASSIST Trauma Response Model of Psychological Support The ASSIST Model The Experience of Trauma Support in Italy Future Developments and Challenges References

Empathy reflects the natural ability to perceive and be sensitive to the emotional states of others, coupled with a motivation to care for their well-being. It has evolved in the context of parental care for offspring, as well as within kinship bonds, to help facilitate group living. In this paper, we integrate the perspectives of evolution, animal behaviour, developmental psychology, and social and clinical neuroscience to elucidate our understanding of the proximate mechanisms underlying empathy. We focus, in particular, on processing of signals of distress and need, and their relation to prosocial behaviour. The ability to empathize, both in animals and humans, mediates prosocial behaviour when sensitivity to others' distress is paired with a drive towards their welfare. Disruption or atypical development of the neural circuits that process distress cues and integrate them with decision value leads to callous disregard for others, as is the case in psychopathy. The realization that basic forms of empathy exist in non-human animals is crucial for gaining new insights into the underlying neurobiological and genetic mechanisms of empathy, enabling translation towards therapeutic and pharmacological interventions.

Preterm birth is a stressful event for families. In particular, the unexpectedly early delivery may cause negative feelings in mothers and fathers. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between preterm birth, parental stress and negative feelings, and the environmental setting of NICU. 21 mothers (age = 36.00 ± 6.85) and 19 fathers (age = 34.92 ± 4.58) of preterm infants (GA = 30.96 ± 2.97) and 20 mothers (age = 40.08 ± 4.76) and 20 fathers (age = 40.32 ± 6.77) of full-term infants (GA = 39.19 ± 1.42) were involved. All parents filled out the Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, the Impact of Event Scale Revised, Profile of Mood States, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and the Post-Partum Bonding Questionnaire. Our data showed differences in emotional reactions between preterm and full-term parents. Results also revealed significant differences between mothers and fathers’ responses to preterm birth in terms of stress, negative feelings, and perceptions of social support. A correlation between negative conditions at birth (e.g., birth weight and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit stay) and higher scores in some scales of Impact of Event Scale Revised, Profile of Mood States and Post-Partum Bonding Questionnaire were found. Neonatal Intensive Care Unit may be a stressful place both for mothers and fathers. It might be useful to plan, as soon as possible, interventions to help parents through the experience of the premature birth of their child and to begin an immediately adaptive mode of care.

Background Nursing is perceived as a strenuous job. Although past research has documented that stress influences nurses’ health in association with quality of life, the relation between stress and caring behaviors remains relatively unexamined, especially in the Greek working environment, where it is the first time that this specific issue is being studied. The aim was to investigate and explore the correlation amidst occupational stress, caring behaviors and their quality of life in association to health. Methods A correlational study of nurses ( N  = 246) who worked at public and private units was conducted in 2013 in Greece. The variables were operationalized using three research instruments: (1) the Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS), (2) the Health Survey SF-12 and (3) the Caring Behaviors Inventory (CBI). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results Contact with death, patients and their families, conflicts with supervisors and uncertainty about the therapeutic effect caused significantly higher stress among participants. A significant negative correlation was observed amidst total stress and the four dimensions of CBI. Certain stress factors were significant and independent predictors of each CBI dimension. Conflicts with co-workers was revealed as an independent predicting factor for affirmation of human presence, professional knowledge and skills and patient respectfulness dimensions, conflicts with doctors for respect for patient, while conflicts with supervisors and uncertainty concerning treatment dimensions were an independent predictor for positive connectedness. Finally, discrimination stress factor was revealed as an independent predictor of quality of life related to physical health, while stress resulting from conflicts with supervisors was independently associated with mental health. Conclusion Occupational stress affects nurses’ health-related quality of life negatively, while it can also be considered as an influence on patient outcomes.

To examine the association between perceived organizational support (POS) and nurses' caring behaviors and to explore the serial mediating roles of perceived stress and career calling (CALL) in this relationship. Caring behaviors are essential for high-quality nursing care and patient satisfaction. However, heavy workloads and psychological pressure may weaken nurses' caring performance. POS, as a key job resource, may be associated with caring behaviors alongside lower perceived stress and stronger intrinsic motivation, such as CALL. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 648 nurses from six tertiary hospitals in Chongqing, China. Standardized questionnaires were used to assess POS, perceived stress, CALL, and caring behaviors. The hypothesized serial mediation model was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) with bias-corrected bootstrapping, and additional PROCESS analysis was performed to verify robustness. Organizational support was positively associated with caring behaviors (β = 0.33, p < 0.001), and a significant indirect association via perceived stress and CALL (β = 0.12, 95% CI [0.07, 0.24]). The model explained 26% of the variance in caring behaviors (R  = 0.26), and the indirect path accounted for about 26.7% of the total effect. Findings were consistent in PROCESS analyses and were in line with the hypothesized serial mediation model. POS was associated with nurses' caring behaviors, both directly and through an indirect pathway involving perceived stress and CALL. These findings suggest that perceived stress and CALL may represent potential pathways linking organizational support with caring behaviors. Nurse managers may consider fostering supportive organizational environments, implementing stress management interventions, and developing programs that help strengthen nurses' CALL, as these factors may be associated with more favorable caring behaviors and nursing practice.