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"carnivores"
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Carnivores : meat-eating mammals
This volume journeys from secluded forest habitats to our own homes to survey the unique features and behaviors of various species of carnivore.
Book
Les plantes carnivores ont-elles des dents?
\"'Les plantes carnivores ont-elles des dents ?' et 19 autres questions drôles sur les plantes sont abordées dans ce documentaire ludique et abondamment illustré. La mise en page gaie et aérée invite les lecteurs curieux à piocher des informations insolites sur les plantes les plus communes.\"-- Publisher's description.
Book
ORAL RESEARCH PRESENTATION ABSTRACTS DC CONFERENCE-OTTAWA JUNE 12-JUNE 14, 2014
Résultats: Onze hommes de 21 à 25 ans habitant dans la région de Montréal et s'identifiant comme gais ont participé. Questionnés sur l'alimentation des hommes hétérosexuels, les participants énoncent beaucoup de stéréotypes provenant directement du modèle de masculinité nord-américaine tradi- tionnelle et s'en dissocient. Selon les participants, les hommes hétérosexuels consomment beaucoup de malbouffe, mangent peu de légumes, cuisinent rarement et se soucient peu de leur alimentation ou de leur santé. La viande est centrale au stéréotype de masculinité énoncé par les participants. Les hommes hétérosexuels sont décrits comme des « carnivores » affectionnant particulièrement la cuisson au barbecue. L'équipe des coordonnatrices de stages du département de nutrition de l'Université de Montréal offre une série d'acti- vités de formation pédagogique en vue de permettre aux superviseurs de stage d'exercer leur rôle de façon optimale. Les formations conçues pour nos superviseurs portent sur le raisonnement clinique et l'approche réflexive: Comprendre le raisonnement clinique pour mieux le soutenir; L'approche réflexive, essentielle au raisonnement professionnel. Les objectifs des formations sont les suivants: 1.Comprendre le processus du raisonnement clinique et les différents niveaux d'expertise 2. Identifier le type de difficulté de raisonnement clinique 3. Savoir intervenir avec le stagiaire en difficulté 4. Comprendre l'approche réflexive et les outils ou moyens pour la développer 5. Savoir encourager l'introspection et donner une rétroaction constructive 6. Connaître les cataly- seurs et les étapes du processus réflexif. Suite à ces formations, un sondage a été effectué auprès d'environ 20 superviseures de stages qui y ont assisté, portant sur les apprentissages réalisés et l'impact des formations sur leur rôle de supervision et d'en- cadrement des stagiaires. Les résulats de ce sondage seront dis- ponibles d'ici avril 2014 et pourront être présentés au congrès de juin. Objectif: Il existe de nombreuses particularités relatives aux repas chez plusieurs enfants ayant un trouble du spectre de l'autisme (TSA). Bien que de telles particularités semblent fré- quentes, peu d'études se sont attardées aux enjeux, défis et inquiétudes des familles relatives à ces particularités. Le projet mené par AlterGo vise à promouvoir les saines habitudes de vie des enfants ayant un TSA. Dans le cadre de ce projet, pré- alablement à la proposition de stratégies visant à faciliter le quotidien des familles, Extenso a été mandaté pour développer une compréhension plus fine des réalités relatives aux repas. Processus: Afin de tracer un portrait de la situation des repas dans les familles avec un enfant ayant un TSA, un survol de la littérature a permis de développer un questionnaire utilisé lors d'entrevues individuelles téléphoniques (n = 18) avec des mères d'enfants ayant un TSA.
Journal Article
Carnivores
A lion, a great white shark, and a timber wolf, all meat-eaters who have been hurt by the cruelty of plant-eaters, form a support group which has limited success until their newest member, a great horned owl, shares some advice.
Book
Does Sex Matter? Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Cougar-Human Conflict in British Columbia: e74663
Wildlife-human conflicts occur wherever large carnivores overlap human inhabited areas. Conflict mitigation can be facilitated by understanding long-term dynamics and examining sex-structured conflict patterns. Predicting areas with high probability of conflict helps focus management strategies in order to proactively decrease carnivore mortality. We investigated the importance of cougar (Puma concolor) habitat, human landscape characteristics and the combination of habitat and human features on the temporal and spatial patterns of cougar-human conflicts in British Columbia. Conflicts (n = 1,727; 1978-2007) involved similar numbers of male and female cougars with conflict rate decreasing over the past decade. Conflicts were concentrated within the southern part of the province with the most conflicts per unit area occurring on Vancouver Island. For both sexes, the most supported spatial models for the most recent (1998-2007) conflicts contained both human and habitat variables. Conflicts were more likely to occur close to roads, at intermediate elevations and far from the northern edge of the cougar distribution range in British Columbia. Male cougar conflicts were more likely to occur in areas of intermediate human density. Unlike cougar conflicts in other regions, cattle density was not a significant predictor of conflict location. With human populations expanding, conflicts are expected to increase. Conservation tools, such as the maps predicting conflict hotspots from this study, can help focus management efforts to decrease carnivore-human conflict.
Journal Article
Porcupine's picnic : who eats what?
\"Porcupine is having a picnic! As more animals arrive, each of them eats something different. But then Tiger shows up. Uh-oh! Back matter offers further information about herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Estimating and forecasting spatial population dynamics of apex predators using transnational genetic monitoring
The ongoing recovery of terrestrial large carnivores in North America and Europe is accompanied by intense controversy. On the one hand, reestablishment of large carnivores entails a recovery of their most important ecological role, predation. On the other hand, societies are struggling to relearn how to live with apex predators that kill livestock, compete for game species, and occasionally injure or kill people. Those responsible for managing these species and mitigating conflict often lack fundamental information due to a long-standing challenge in ecology: How do we draw robust population-level inferences for elusive animals spread over immense areas? Here we showcase the application of an effective tool for spatially explicit tracking and forecasting of wildlife population dynamics at scales that are relevant to management and conservation. We analyzed the world’s largest dataset on carnivores comprising more than 35,000 noninvasively obtained DNA samples from over 6,000 individual brown bears ( Ursus arctos ), gray wolves ( Canis lupus ), and wolverines ( Gulo gulo ). Our analyses took into account that not all individuals are detected and, even if detected, their fates are not always known. We show unequivocal quantitative evidence of large carnivore recovery in northern Europe, juxtaposed with the finding that humans are the single-most important factor driving the dynamics of these apex predators. We present maps and forecasts of the spatiotemporal dynamics of large carnivore populations, transcending national boundaries and management regimes.
Journal Article
Long-term dynamics and distribution of large carnivores in Poland
The brown bear
Ursus arctos
, Eurasian lynx
Lynx lynx
, and gray wolf
Canis lupus
are Europe’s threatened large carnivores. The analyses were conducted using data on the abundance of these species in Poland, collected by the Polish Central Statistical Office (bear 1965–2023, wolf 1995–2023, and lynx 1996–2023). For the years 2000–2023, data were also available by region. We subjected these data to statistical analysis: chi-square tests, segmented regression, and principal component analysis. Biplots, charts of population dynamics, and distribution maps were created to visualize the results. In Poland in the analyzed time period, an increase in the population of all three studied carnivores was observed along with the westward expansion of the territorial range of lynx and wolf, while bear range remained unchanged. The most mean population increase was exhibited by the gray wolf (7.01%), followed by the brown bear (4.78%) and, finally, the Eurasian lynx (2.94%). The population dynamics of the carnivores showed trends over time, with a notable increase in the last decade. The use of multi-year data in modelling enables a better understanding of the mechanisms governing the abundance and distribution of populations of endangered species. This, in turn, facilitates the planning of more effective conservation measures.
Journal Article
Brain size predicts problem-solving ability in mammalian carnivores
Despite considerable interest in the forces shaping the relationship between brain size and cognitive abilities, it remains controversial whether larger-brained animals are, indeed, better problem-solvers. Recently, several comparative studies have revealed correlations between brain size and traits thought to require advanced cognitive abilities, such as innovation, behavioral flexibility, invasion success, and self-control. However, the general assumption that animals with larger brains have superior cognitive abilities has been heavily criticized, primarily because of the lack of experimental support for it. Here, we designed an experiment to inquire whether specific neuroanatomical or socioecological measures predict success at solving a novel technical problem among species in the mammalian order Carnivora. We presented puzzle boxes, baited with food and scaled to accommodate body size, to members of 39 carnivore species from nine families housed in multiple North American zoos. We found that species with larger brains relative to their body mass were more successful at opening the boxes. In a subset of species, we also used virtual brain endocasts to measure volumes of four gross brain regions and show that some of these regions improve model prediction of success at opening the boxes when included with total brain size and body mass. Socioecological variables, including measures of social complexity and manual dexterity, failed to predict success at opening the boxes. Our results, thus, fail to support the social brain hypothesis but provide important empirical support for the relationship between relative brain size and the ability to solve this novel technical problem.
Journal Article