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Creepy carrots!
The carrots that grow in Crackenhopper Field are the fattest and crispiest around and Jasper Rabbit cannot resist pulling some to eat each time he passes by, until he begins hearing and seeing creepy carrots wherever he goes.
Book
Too Many Carrots
Rabbit refuses to give up his carrots, which leads to disaster after disaster. -- Publisher description.
Book
CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION, NUTRITIONAL BENEFITS AND SOME PROCESSED PRODUCTS FROM CARROT (Daucus carota L.)
List of abbreviations: DPPH - 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay EPS - exopolisaccharides G-C - gas chromatograpy GC-MS - gas chromatography-mass spectrometry HTLT - high temperature-long time HTST - high temperature-short time MTLT - mild temperature-long time MTST - mild temperature-short time TBRS - thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay INTRODUCTION Daucus carota L. (carrot) belongs to Apiaceae family and is the most significant plant of that family (Silva Dias, 2014). [...]a rosette of leaves is formed (in the spring and summer) along with the extended taproot which stores large volume of sugars that will be used by the plant in the second year to form flowers (Shakheel et al., 2017). Configuration and color are affected by genetic factors as well as environmental circumstances but also varies between different plant development stages (Kjellenberg, 2007). c. Distribution Wild carrot is native to Western or the near East Asia and it can be found in the Mediterranean area, Southwest Asia, Tropical Africa, Australia and North and South America. First carrots were purple and yellow, firstly characterized in the 10th century in Iran and northern Arabia (Simon, 2000).
Journal Article
The perfect carrot
Curious George has his own garden in which he grows a perfect carrot. When the neighbor's rabbits get loose, George's perfect carrot is put to good use.
Book
Kinetic and quality characteristics in combined drying of carrots
Drying carrots experiments were carried out at different drying modes in a laboratory convective dryer combined with microwaves. Some empirical regularities in drying process have been obtained - drying curves and drying rate curves. An assessment of the influence of the drying regimes on some quality indicators of the final product was made.
Journal Article
DcMYB113, a root‐specific R2R3‐MYB, conditions anthocyanin biosynthesis and modification in carrot
Summary Purple carrots, the original domesticated carrots, accumulate highly glycosylated and acylated anthocyanins in root and/or petiole. Previously, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for root‐specific anthocyanin pigmentation was genetically mapped to chromosome 3 of carrot. In this study, an R2R3‐MYB gene, namely DcMYB113, was identified within this QTL region. DcMYB113 expressed in the root of ‘Purple haze’, a carrot cultivar with purple root and nonpurple petiole, but not in the roots of two carrot cultivars with a purple root and petiole (Deep purple and Cosmic purple) and orange carrot ‘Kurodagosun’, which appeared to be caused by variation in the promoter region. The function of DcMYB113 from ‘Purple haze’ was verified by transformation in ‘Cosmic purple’ and ‘Kurodagosun’, resulting in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Transgenic ‘Kurodagosun’ carrying DcMYB113 driven by the CaMV 35S promoter had a purple root and petiole, while transgenic ‘Kurodagosun’ expressing DcMYB113 driven by its own promoter had a purple root and nonpurple petiole, suggesting that root‐specific expression of DcMYB113 was determined by its promoter. DcMYB113 could activate the expression of DcbHLH3 and structural genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis. DcUCGXT1 and DcSAT1, which were confirmed to be responsible for anthocyanins glycosylation and acylation, respectively, were also activated by DcMYB113. The WGCNA identified several genes co‐expressed with anthocyanin biosynthesis and the results indicated that DcMYB113 may regulate anthocyanin transport. Our findings provide insight into the molecular mechanism underlying root‐specific anthocyanin biosynthesis and further modification in carrot and even other root crops.
Journal Article
Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Carotenoids from Carrot Pomace and Their Optimization through Response Surface Methodology
Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was used to extract carotenoids from the carrot pomace. To investigate the effect of independent variables on the UAE, the response surface methodology (RSM) with central-composite design (CCD) was employed. The study was conducted with three independent variables including extraction time (min), temperature (°C), and ethanol concentration (%). The results showed that the optimal conditions for UAE were achieved with an extraction time of 17 min, temperature of 32 °C, and ethanol concentration of 51% of total carotenoids (31.82 ± 0.55); extraction time of 16 min, temperature of 29 °C, and ethanol concentration of 59% for a combination of β-carotene (14.89 ± 0.40), lutein (5.77 ± 0.19), and lycopene (2.65 ± 0.12). The non-significant (p > 0.05) correlation under optimal extraction conditions between predicted and experimental values suggested that UAE is the more productive process than conventional techniques for the extraction of carotenoids from the carrot pomace.
Journal Article
Cyanidin based anthocyanin biosynthesis in orange carrot is restored by expression of AmRosea1 and AmDelila, MYB and bHLH transcription factors
Key message The simultaneous expression of AmRosea1 and AmDelila transcription factors from snapdragon can activate the anthocyanin pathway in orange carrots, leading to the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins in the taproots.Anthocyanins are phenolic compounds produced in various parts of plants. They are used as natural food dyes and are reported as beneficial antioxidants for humans. Black carrot is an important source for anthocyanins; however, the reason for the lack of anthocyanin production in the orange carrot is unknown. Anthocyanins are synthesized by a specific branch of the phenylpropanoid pathway that has previously been reported to be activated by a triad of R2R3-MYB, basic helix-loop helix (bHLH) and WD40 transcription factors (TFs). In the current study, orange carrots were turned purple by simultaneous expression of R2R3-MYB and bHLH TFs, i.e. AmRosea1 and AmDelila from snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus). Simultaneous transgenic expression of the TFs under a constitutive promoter in the orange carrot cultivar ‘Danvers 126’ lead to consistent upregulation of anthocyanin-related biosynthetic genes and significant accumulation of anthocyanins in leaves, stems and taproots. Highest overall content of soluble anthocyanins in the taproot among the transformants amounted to 44.38 mg g−1 dry weight. The anthocyanin profile of the transformants were significantly different from the profile in the reference black carrot ‘Deep Purple’. The main anthocyanins present in the transformed taproots were cyanidin 3-xylosyl(sinapoylglucosyl)galactoside, whereas the main anthocyanin present in Deep Purple was cyanidin 3-xylosyl(feruloylglucosyl)galactoside. This study confirms the presence of the necessary biosynthetic genes in orange carrots for production of anthocyanins and demonstrates the absence of suitable R2R3-MYB and bHLH TFs for stimulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in the orange carrot.
Journal Article
Unraveling the induction of phytoene synthase 2 expression by salt stress and abscisic acid in Daucus carota
ABA increased during salt stress triggers binding of AREB/ABFs to DcPSY2 promoter, boosting carotenoid and ABA levels as a positive feedback mechanism
Abstract
Phytoene synthase (PSY) is the first committed enzyme of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway and the most important point of regulation. Carotenoids are precursors of abscisic acid (ABA), which mediates abiotic stress tolerance responses in plants. ABA activates the synthesis of its own precursors through induction of PSY expression. Carrot, a species that accumulates very high amounts of carotenoids in its reserve root, has two PSY paralog genes that are expressed differentially in the root. Here, we determined that DcPSY2 expression is induced by salt stress and ABA. A DcPSY2 promoter fragment was obtained and characterized. Bioinformatic analysis showed the presence of three ABA responsive elements (ABREs). Through overexpressing pPSY2:GFP in Nicotiana tabacum we determined that all three ABREs are necessary for the ABA response. In the carrot transcriptome, we identified three ABRE binding protein (DcAREB) transcription factor candidates that localized in the nucleus, but only one, DcAREB3, was induced under ABA treatment in carrot roots. We found that AREB transcription factors bind to the carrot DcPSY2 promoter and transactivate the expression of reporter genes. We conclude that DcPSY2 is involved in ABA-mediated salt stress tolerance in carrot through the binding of AREB transcription factors to its promoter.
Journal Article