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Este artículo analiza las trayectorias de modernización estructural para la industria de ocho países latinoamericanos (Bolivia, Brasil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, México, Perú, Uruguay) desde 1970 hasta la fecha. Desde una perspectiva teórica estructuralista que explora las interacciones dinámicas entre el cambio estructural y el escalamiento tecnológico, se construye un índice de modernización. Los hallazgos muestran que el establecimiento de modelos económicos neoliberales en Latinoamérica a partir de los años ochenta, significó un punto de ruptura en estas trayectorias. Mientras la racionalización de procesos productivos por parte de las empresas implicó un desplazamiento del empleo en dirección de usos de baja productividad relativa, el desarrollo de industrias intensivas en capital e insertas en dinámicas globales, no impulsó la modernización estructural debido a la naturaleza de las tareas efectuadas. Los ejercicios permiten esbozar una primera tipología en términos de las carencias más apremiantes de cada caso.

Resumo Apesar do reconhecimento que a superação do atraso tecnológico ocorre mediante a construção de aptidões tecnológicas domésticas, a transferência internacional de tecnologia mostrou-se relevante em diferentes momentos históricos e em diferentes nações em processo de emparelhamento. Com a evolução tecnológica em cada paradigma, diversos canais de transferência internacional de tecnologia foram mais ou menos efetivos. A partir de uma análise histórica, busca-se apresentar que os principais canais de transferência foram mudando com o tempo para responder às mudanças tecnológicas. Portanto, um canal protagonista em certo momento histórico passa a ser coadjuvante em outros, pois a tecnologia dominante apresenta características que requerem canais específicos para que seja transferida. Abstract The main international technology transfer channels in different technological paradigms: implications for overcoming underdevelopment. Despite the recognition that overcoming technological backwardness occurs through the construction of domestic technological capabilities, the international transfer of technology has proved to be a relevant strategy at different moments in history and for different nations during their catching-up processes. With the technological evolution in each paradigm, several international technology transfer channels were relatively effective. Based on a historical analysis, we try to show that the main channels have changed over time to respond to technological changes. Therefore, a protagonist channel in one historical moment happens to play a supporting role in others, given that the dominant technology presents characteristics that require the transfer of specific channels.

Pour améliorer la performance du programme élargi de vaccination de Côte d’Ivoire, nous avons mis en place une stratégie de rattrapage des enfants perdus de vue (EPDV) et des enfants non vaccinés (ENV) dans les 14 districts sanitaires (DS) ayant les plus faibles couvertures vaccinales antirougeoleuses. Cet article présente l’efficacité et le coût de cette stratégie. Nous avons retenu les localités ayant les plus grands nombres d’EPDV : cinq aires de santé (AS) par DS et cinq villages/quartiers par AS. La stratégie qui a été mise en œuvre par les organisations de la société civile, les responsables des centres de santé (RCS) et les agents de santé communautaire a combiné la sensibilisation des leaders et groupes communautaires, les visites à domicile (VAD) et la référence des enfants aux CS pour la vaccination. Sur les 17 912 EPDV déclarés, 9 425 ont été retrouvés (52,6 %) et 8 245 vaccinés (46 % des déclarés et 87,5 % des retrouvés). Les RCS ont déclaré 484 ENV alors que les VAD ont permis d’en identifier 1 315 dont 1 087 ont été vaccinés (82,7 %). Sur un nombre total déclaré de 18 396 enfants à rattraper, 10 740 ont été retrouvés (58,4 %) et 9 332 vaccinés, soit 50,8 % (9 332/18 396) d’enfants à rattraper et 86,9 % (9 332/10 740) d’enfants retrouvés. Le coût récurrent spécifique total de la stratégie était de 22 375 008 FCFA, soit 2 083 FCFA (22 375 008/10 740) par enfant retrouvé et 2 398 FCFA (22 375 008/9 332) par enfant retrouvé et vacciné. Au vu de ces résultats, cette stratégie devrait être mise en œuvre dans tous les DS à faible performance du pays.

ABSTRACT IN SPANISH: En este trabajo se estudia la función de la especialización en el desempeño económico de los estados de México, estimándose una ecuación de crecimiento aumentada con un índice de especialización que captura las ganancias de productividad por la reasignación de recursos hacia sectores con rendimientos crecientes a escala y una variable que mide el efecto emparejamiento tecnológico (catch up). Este ejercicio se distingue de otros similares en que se utilizan índices de especialización desagregados a nivel de ramas y subramas de actividad económica y en que el análisis se centra en el impacto de sectores clave, los cuales se identifican siguiendo los criterios establecidos por la nueva teoría del crecimiento (NTC) y la teoría poskeynesiana (TPK). Lo anterior permite ubicar las actividades económicas que contribuyen de manera especial al crecimiento económico de los estados y contrastar la validez de algunos argumentos presentes en la discusión teórica actual. // ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: This article studies the role of specialization in the economic performance of Mexico states, estimating an equation for growth augmented by a specialization index that captures gains in productivity by reallocating resources towards sectors with growing returns to scale and a variable that measures the catch-up effect. This exercise is distinguished from other similar ones by its utilization of specialization indices broken do?? at the branch and economic activity levels where the analysis focuses on the impact of the key sectors, which are identified by following the criteria established by the new theory of growth (NTG) and Post-Keynesian theory (PKT). This makes it possible to place the economic activities that contribute in a special way to economic growth in the sta?? and to contrast the validity of some arguments present in the present theoretical debate. // ABSTRACT IN FRENCH: Dans ce travail il est mené une étude de la fonction de la spécialisation dans la performance économique des états du Mexique, considérant une équation de croissance accrue avec un indice de spécialisation qui capture les gains de productivité par résignation de revenus dans des secteurs ayant des rendements croissants à échelle ?? une variable qui mesure l'effet d'égalisation technologique (catch up). Cet exer?? se distingue d'autres similaires en cela que les indices de spécialisation utilisés ?? décomposés au niveau des branches et sous-branches d'activité économique et ?? l'analyse est centrée sur l'impact des secteurs clés, lesquels sont identifiés selon ?? critères établis par la théorie de croissance (NTC) et la théorie post-keynesienne (TPK) Ceci permet de situer les activités économiques qui contribuent de façon particulier à la croissance économique des états et contrôler la validité de certains argument présents dans le débat théorique actuel. Reprinted by permission of the Institute for Economic Research, directed by Alicia Girón, and Problemas del Desarrollo, edited by Leticia Campos (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

本文以我國貨櫃航運產業具代表性的個案海運公司，其內部遍佈全球各定期航線之微觀資料，針對個案公司歐洲、美洲、亞洲及大西洋等21條定期航線，2003至2007年的去回程季資料進行生產力分析。為求能更真切地捕捉海運公司的營運特色，本文以共同邊界投入導向距離函數為基礎，依循Orea （2002）提出在變動規模報酬假設下，計算Malmquist指數的方法，將共同邊界生產力指數拆解為傳統的Malmquist生產力指數以及效率追趕、規模追趕及潛在技術變動等項。主要實證結果如下，首先，在樣本期間中去回程航線生產力指數未具顯著差異。其次，去程航線平均每季之技術進步率顯著低於回程航線。第三，去程航線生產技術相對於潛在技術水準可以提升的空間顯著比回程大。綜言之，相對於過去以貨櫃航運公司為分析對象之文獻，本研究改以個案公司內部航線微觀層次資料進行分析，並將課題延伸至生產力變動及效率追趕的實證資訊，或較能提供更具體資訊予企業的管理階層，做為擬訂長期績效評估及經營決策之依據。

Amidst overexploited fisheries and further climate related declines projected in tropical fisheries, marine dependent small-scale fishers in Southeast Asia face an uncertain future. Yet, small-scale fishers are seldom explicitly considered in regional fisheries management and their contribution to national fish supply tends to be greatly under-estimated compared to industrial fisheries. Lack of knowledge about the small-scale sector jeopardises informed decision-making for sustainable ecosystem based fisheries planning and social development. We fill this knowledge gap by applying reconstructed marine fish catch statistics from Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam – countries of the Gulf of Thailand - from 1950 to 2013 to assess the relative contribution of small-scale and industrial fisheries to national food security. Reconstructed catches quantify reported and unreported fish catch from industrial, small-scale, and recreational fishing. We then conduct a comparative analysis of the degree to which the industrial and small-scale sectors support food security, by converting total catch to the portion that is kept for human consumption and that which is diverted to fishmeal for animal feed or other purposes. Total reconstructed marine fish catch from the four Southeast Asian countries totalled 282 million t from 1950 to 2013, with small-scale sector catches being underestimated by an average of around 2 times. When the amount of fish that is diverted to fishmeal is omitted, small-scale fishers contribute more food fish for humans than do industrial fisheries for much of the period until 2000. These results encourage regional fisheries management to be cognisant of small-scale fisheries as a pillar of socio-economic well-being for coastal communities.

This study analysed long-term trawl survey data to investigate changes in the spatial distribution, range boundaries, and catch rates of the five most common shark species in the Russian waters of the northwestern Pacific. Significant alterations in the spatial distributions of these shark species were observed during the study period. The 1980s witnessed the most widespread distribution and maximum catches of salmon and blue sharks. In the 2000s, the North Pacific spiny dogfish exhibited its broadest distribution, with maximum catches recorded in the 1980s and 2010s. The Pacific sleeper shark exhibited its widest distribution in the 1980s, with maximum catches occurring in the 2000s. Shortfin mako were recorded within the study area only in the 1980s and 2010s, with maximum catches occurring in the latter period. Shifts in the range of boundaries during the study period exhibited different patterns among the species. Statistically significant shifts in boundaries were found for Pacific spiny dogfish, salmon sharks, and Pacific sleeper sharks. During the review period, salmon shark catches significantly decreased in Pacific waters and in the study area as a whole, but the reasons for this difference have not yet been determined. For the other shark species, statistically significant changes in catch size were not revealed. The observed significant changes in the spatial distribution and position of the boundaries of the ranges are likely due to both subjective reasons and climatic changes.

Mariappan, S.; Ravikumar, T.; Neethiselvan, N.; Dineshkumar, E.; Dhilipmaniraj, N.; Gomathy, V., and Manickavasagam, S., 2025. Economic and seasonal analysis on catch rate of fish traps operated along the coast of Thoothukudi, southeast coast of India. Journal of Coastal Research, 41(1), 49–56. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. Fishermen along the Thoothukudi coast of India use arrowhead fish traps measuring 90 cm in length, 76 cm in breadth, and 40 cm in height. Direct observational surveys were conducted fortnightly from January 2022 to December 2022. Across 24 fishing trials, these traps yielded a catch of 2900 fishes, weighing 997.5 kg. Scarus ghobban exhibited a significantly higher mean catch per unit effort (CPUE) of 12.79 kg per trip than other species. The monthly mean CPUE for arrowhead fish traps was 41.6 kg per trip. Statistical analysis (analysis of variance) revealed that both species and season had significant effects on CPUE (p < 0.05), indicating notable variations in CPUE among species and across seasons. The pre-monsoon season exhibited the highest CPUE (51.8 kg per trip), followed by winter (51.1 kg per trip), monsoon (37.5 kilograms per trip), and postmonsoon (30.3 kg per trip) seasons, suggesting potential seasonal fluctuations in fishing activity or fish abundance, likely influenced by environmental factors such as weather and oceanographic conditions. The trap fishery at Therespuram fishing village showed promising economic benefits, with a benefit-cost ratio of 1.64. The study period revealed that traps operated at Therespuram fishing village were rigid, leading to limited traps being carried onboard fishing vessels. Consequently, the present study suggests that collapsible traps be employed to significantly reduce onboard space requirements. This adaptation would enable fishermen to carry more traps, potentially resulting in increased catches.

We synthesize fisheries catch reconstruction studies for 25 Pacific island countries, states and territories, which compare estimates of total domestic catches with officially reported catch data. We exclude data for the large-scale tuna fleets, which have largely foreign beneficial ownership, even when flying Pacific flags. However, we recognize the considerable financial contributions derived from foreign access or charter fees for Pacific host countries. The reconstructions for the 25 entities from 1950 to 2010 suggested that total domestic catches were 2.5 times the data reported to FAO. This discrepancy was largest in early periods (1950: 6.4 times), while for 2010, total catches were 1.7 times the reported data. There was a significant difference in trend between reported and reconstructed catches since 2000, with reconstructed catches declining strongly since their peak in 2000. Total catches increased from 110,000 t yr −1 in 1950 (of which 17,400 t were reported) to a peak of over 250,000 t yr −1 in 2000, before declining to around 200,000 t yr −1 by 2010. This decrease is driven by a declining artisanal (small-scale commercial) catch, which was not compensated for by increasing domestic industrial (large-scale commercial) catches. The artisanal fisheries appear to be declining from a peak of 97,000 t yr −1 in 1992 to less than 50,000 t yr −1 by 2010. However, total catches were dominated by subsistence (small-scale, non-commercial) fisheries, which accounted for 69 % of total catches, with the majority missing from the reported data. Artisanal catches accounted for 22 %, while truly domestic industrial fisheries accounted for only 6 % of total catches. The smallest component is the recreational (small-scale, non-commercial and largely for leisure) sector (2 %), which, although small in catch, is likely of economic importance in some areas due to its direct link to tourism income.