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Administration of Bifidobacterium breve Decreases the Production of TNF-α in Children with Celiac Disease
Background
Increasing evidence suggests that not only genetics, but also environmental factors like gut microbiota dysbiosis play an important role in the pathogenesis of celiac disease (CD).
Aim
The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of two probiotic strains
Bifidobacterium breve
BR03 and
B. breve
B632 on serum production of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) and pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in children with CD.
Methods
The study was a double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial that included 49 children with CD on gluten-free diet (GFD) randomized into two groups and 18 healthy children in the control group. The first group (24 children with CD) daily received
B. breve
BR03 and B632 (2 × 10
9
colony-forming units) and the second group (25 children with CD) received placebo for 3 months.
Results
TNF-α levels were significantly decreased in the first group after receiving
B. breve
for 3 months. On follow-up, 3 months after receiving probiotics, TNF-α levels increased again. Children with CD who were on GFD for less than 1 year showed similar baseline TNF-α levels as children who were on GFD for more than 1 year. IL-10 levels were in all groups of patients below detection level.
Conclusions
Probiotic intervention with
B. breve
strains has shown a positive effect on decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in children with CD on GFD.
Journal Article
No gluten, no problem : a handy guide to celiac disease-with advice and 80 recipes
\"If you have celiac disease, you will know how difficult life without gluten can be. This book aims to help you live a gluten-free life in the simplest, most effective way. No Gluten, No Problem describes celiac disease and provides recipes to maintain a healthy, gluten-free diet\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled intervention trial to evaluate the effects of Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347 in children with newly diagnosed coeliac disease
Interactions between the immune system and the intestinal microbiota may play a role in coeliac disease (CD). In the present study, the potential effects of Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347 in children with newly diagnosed CD were evaluated. A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in thirty-three children who received a capsule containing either B. longum CECT 7347 (10 9 colony-forming units) or placebo (excipients) daily for 3 months together with a gluten-free diet (GFD). Outcome measures (baseline and post-intervention) included immune phenotype of peripheral blood cells, serum cytokine concentration, faecal secretory IgA (sIgA) content, anthropometric parameters and intestinal microbiota composition. Comparisons between the groups revealed greater height percentile increases ( P = 0·048) in the B. longum CECT 7347 group than in the placebo group, as well as decreased peripheral CD3 + T lymphocytes ( P = 0·004) and slightly reduced TNF-α concentration ( P = 0·067). Within-group comparisons of baseline and final values did not reveal any differences in T lymphocytes and cytokines in the placebo group, while decreased CD3 + ( P = 0·013) and human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR + T lymphocytes ( P = 0·029) and slightly reduced TNF-α concentration ( P = 0·085) were detected in the B. longum CECT 7347 group. Comparison between the groups showed that the administration of B. longum CECT 7347 reduced the numbers of the Bacteroides fragilis group ( P = 0·020) and the content of sIgA in stools ( P = 0·011) compared with the administration of placebo. Although this is a first exploratory intervention with limitations, the findings suggest that B. longum CECT 7347 could help improve the health status of CD patients who tend to show alterations in gut microbiota composition and a biased immune response even on a GFD.
Journal Article
Introduction of Gluten, HLA Status, and the Risk of Celiac Disease in Children
A total of 832 newborns with a familial risk of celiac disease underwent genotyping and were assigned to introduction of dietary gluten at 6 or 12 months of age. There was no between-group difference in the prevalence of the disease at 5 years of age.
Celiac disease is a systemic immune-mediated disorder caused by the ingestion of gluten-containing grains (wheat, rye, and barley) in genetically susceptible persons. It is one of the most common lifelong disorders, affecting approximately 1% of the population in Europe and North America
1
,
2
; the prevalence of this disease is higher among persons who have first-degree relatives with celiac disease (10 to 15%).
3
,
4
The prevalence of celiac disease has increased in developed countries over recent decades; this finding points to the role of one or more possible environmental triggers other than gluten.
5
Genetic background plays a key role in . . .
Journal Article
River Cottage gluten free
Gluten is found in an extraordinary number of foods, yet it can be problematic for so many of us. Whether you need to cut gluten out of your diet or you're cooking for friends and family with gluten intolerance, River Cottage Gluten Free will provide the tools you need to gain inspiration and navigate mealtimes. Nutrition expert Naomi Devlin gives clear advice for gluten-free eating - including detailed guidance on alternative flours, methods of fermentation and delicious baking ideas. She offers 120 ingenious recipes for breakfasts, bread, pastry, soups, salads, snacks, main meals and puddings, including Prosciutto and egg muffins, Blinis with crلeme fraمiche and smoked salmon, Leek and bacon quiche, Courgette hummus, Blackberry bakewell tart, Luscious lemon cake and Chocolate fondants. With an introduction by Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall and helpful tips from Naomi throughout, this definitive gluten-free cookbook will add fresh vitality to your cooking and eating, and a host of recipes to make you feel great.
Book
Randomized Feeding Intervention in Infants at High Risk for Celiac Disease
In this trial involving infants at high risk for celiac disease, the introduction of gluten at 4 months of age, as compared with delayed exposure to gluten until 6 months of age, did not reduce the risk of celiac disease at 3 years of age.
Celiac disease, an immune-mediated systemic disorder elicited by gluten in genetically susceptible persons, is characterized by anti–transglutaminase type 2 antibodies (TG2A) and enteropathy.
1
The prevalence of celiac disease is 1 to 3% in the general population and approximately 10% among first-degree family members of patients with celiac disease.
2
–
10
Celiac disease is treated with a gluten-free diet. More than 95% of patients have the HLA-DQ2 heterodimer, either in the
cis
or
trans
configuration. Most of the remaining patients have the HLA-DQ8 heterodimer or half of the HLA-DQ2 heterodimer (DQB1*02).
1
,
8
,
11
–
14
However, more than 25% of the general population . . .
Journal Article
Celiac disease: a comprehensive current review
Background
Celiac disease remains a challenging condition because of a steady increase in knowledge tackling its pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and possible therapeutic options.
Main body
A major milestone in the history of celiac disease was the identification of tissue transglutaminase as the autoantigen, thereby confirming the autoimmune nature of this disorder. A genetic background (
HLA-DQ2/DQ8
positivity and non-HLA genes) is a mandatory determinant of the development of the disease, which occurs with the contribution of environmental factors (e.g., viral infections and dysbiosis of gut microbiota). Its prevalence in the general population is of approximately 1%, with female predominance. The disease can occur at any age, with a variety of symptoms/manifestations. This multifaceted clinical presentation leads to several phenotypes, i.e., gastrointestinal, extraintestinal, subclinical, potential, seronegative, non-responsive, and refractory. Although small intestinal biopsy remains the diagnostic ‘gold standard’, highly sensitive and specific serological tests, such as tissue transglutaminase, endomysial and deamidated gliadin peptide antibodies, have become gradually more important in the diagnostic work-up of celiac disease. Currently, the only treatment for celiac disease is a life-long, strict gluten-free diet leading to improvement in quality of life, ameliorating symptoms, and preventing the occurrence of refractory celiac disease, ulcerative jejunoileitis, and small intestinal adenocarcinoma and lymphoma.
Conclusions
The present review is timely and provides a thorough appraisal of various aspects characterizing celiac disease. Remaining challenges include obtaining a better understanding of still-unclear phenotypes such as slow-responsive, potential (minimal lesions) and seronegative celiac disease. The identification of alternative or complementary treatments to the gluten-free diet brings hope for patients unavoidably burdened by diet restrictions.
Journal Article