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In this study, by using a co‐precipitation method MoO3/CuO/ZnO nanocomposite material was synthesized. Then the prepared material was fully characterized by using XRD (X‐ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), EDS (energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy), CV (cyclic voltammetry), and EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy). Zeta potential and hydrodynamic size were measured using a Zetasizer in PBS buffer. By using Scherrer's formula from XRD, particle size was determined which was around 26.5 nm. For the promising chemical sensor development, MoO3/CuO/ZnO nanocomposite material was fabricated onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to provide a sensor probe with a fast response towards the selective hydrazine (HZ) toxin in phosphate buffer phase. The fabricated sensor probe is exhibited good sensitivity and long‐term stability as well as enhanced electrochemical performances. A calibration plot was found linear in the range of 0.2 nM to 2.0 mM (linear dynamic range, LDR) in presence of aqueous HZ solutions with highest sensitivity value and lower limit of detection and good limit of quantification (LOQ). This approach is promising as an efficient technique in developing a highly effective sensor probe with ternary metal oxides for detecting environmental pollutants on a broad scale. Proposed detection mechanism of selective HZ chemical by using MoO3/CuO/ZnO nanomaterials /Nafion/GCE sensor probe assembly by electrochemical approach with a sensitivity value of 11.8 μAmM−1 cm−2, low detection limit (LOD) as 0.19 nM and the limit of quantification (LOQ), 0.63 nM.

Amyloid proteins are closely related with amyloid diseases and do tremendous harm to human health. However, there is still a lack of effective strategies to treat these amyloid diseases, so it is important to develop novel methods. Accelerating the clearance of amyloid proteins is a favorable method for amyloid disease treatment. Recently, chemical methods for protein reduction have been developed and have attracted much attention. In this review, we focus on the latest progress of chemical methods that knock down amyloid proteins, including the proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) strategy, the “recognition-cleavage” strategy, the chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) strategy, the selectively light-activatable organic and inorganic molecules strategy and other chemical strategies.

Water is an indispensable resource for human activity and the environment. Industrial activities generate vast quantities of wastewater that may be heavily polluted or contain toxic contaminants, posing environmental and public health challenges. Different industries generate wastewater with widely varying characteristics, such as the quantity generated, concentration, and pollutant type. It is essential to understand these characteristics to select available treatment techniques for implementation in wastewater treatment facilities to promote sustainable water usage. This review article provides an overview of wastewaters generated by various industries and commonly applied treatment techniques. The characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods are presented.

Background: Two recent metabolomic analyses found serum lipid, energy, and other metabolites related to aggressive prostate cancer risk up to 20 years prior to diagnosis. Methods: We conducted a serum metabolomic investigation of prostate cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial that included annual serum total prostate-specific antigen measurement and digital rectal examination. This nested study included 380 cases diagnosed post-screening and 380 controls individually matched to cases on age, race, study centre, and blood-collection date (median time to diagnosis, 10 years (range 4.4–17 years)). Sera were analysed on a high-resolution accurate mass platform of ultrahigh-performance liquid and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy that identified 695 known metabolites. Logistic regression conditioned on the matching factors estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals of risk associated with an 80th percentile increase in the log-metabolite signal. Results: Twenty-seven metabolites were associated with prostate cancer at P <0.05. Pyroglutamine, gamma-glutamylphenylalanine, phenylpyruvate, N -acetylcitrulline, and stearoylcarnitine showed the strongest metabolite-risk signals (ORs=0.53, 0.51, 0.46, 0.58, and 1.74, respectively; 0.001⩽ P ⩽0.006). Findings were similar for aggressive disease (peptide chemical class, P =0.03). None of the P -values were below the threshold of Bonferroni correction, however. Conclusions: A unique metabolomic profile associated with post-screening prostate cancer is identified that differs from that in a previously studied, unscreened population.

Background: In the Phase III LUX-Lung 3/6 (LL3/LL6) trials in epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma patients, we evaluated feasibility of EGFR mutation detection using circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and prognostic and predictive utility of cfDNA positivity (cfDNA+). Methods: Paired tumour and blood samples were prospectively collected from randomised patients. Mutations were detected using cfDNA from serum (LL3) or plasma (LL6) by a validated allele-specific quantitative real-time PCR kit. Results: EGFR mutation detection rates in cfDNA were 28.6% (serum) and 60.5% (plasma). Mutation detection in blood was associated with advanced disease characteristics, including higher performance score, number of metastatic sites and bone/liver metastases, and poorer prognosis. In patients with common EGFR mutations, afatinib improved progression-free survival vs chemotherapy in cfDNA+ (LL3: HR, 0.35; P =0.0009; LL6: HR, 0.25; P <0.0001) and cfDNA− (LL3: HR, 0.46; P <0.0001; LL6: HR, 0.12; P <0.0001) cohorts. A trend towards overall survival benefit with afatinib was observed in cfDNA+ patients. Conclusions: Plasma cfDNA is a promising alternative to biopsy for EGFR testing. Detectable mutation in blood was associated with more advanced disease and poorer prognosis. Afatinib improved outcomes in EGFR mutation-positive patients regardless of blood mutation status.

In this study, we sought to investigate the effects of a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) on maternal and neonatal outcomes. A total of 106 women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in gestational weeks 24–28 were randomly allocated to the antenatal care plus CGMS group or the self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) group. The CGMS group was subdivided into early and late subgroups. There were no significant differences in prenatal or obstetric outcomes, e.g., caesarean delivery rate, Apgar score at 5 min, macrosomia or neonatal hypoglycaemia, between the CGMS and SMBG groups. The CGMS group had lower glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) levels than the SMBG group; however, the difference was not statistically significant. The proportion of GDM women with excessive gestational weight gain was lower in the CGMS group than in the SMBG group (33.3% vs. 56.4%, P  = 0.039) and women who initiated CGMS earlier gained less weight ( P  = 0.017). The mode of blood glucose monitoring (adjusted OR 2.40; 95% CI 1.030–5.588; P  = 0.042) and pre-pregnancy BMI (adjusted OR 0.578; 95% CI 0.419–0.798; P  = 0.001) were independent factors for weight gain. In conclusion, early CGMS for GDM mothers reduces gestational weight gain. A follow-up study with a large cohort is needed.

The rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) had designed and manufactured to operate in two working areas of the worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) communication system. Flame retardant (FR-4) material had used for implementation, and the total antenna size was 57.22 × 1.6 mm 3 . The chemical method was used to implement the RMPA. The proposed antenna is capable of working at frequencies 2.51 GHz and 3.87 GHz experimentally. The results were -21.62 dB of return loss, and 50 MHz of bandwidth for the first frequency. Also, for second frequency was -20.01 dB of return loss, and 80 MHz of bandwidth.

Nowadays, the researchers search in their studies for new antimicrobial agents which have the unique physical and chemical properties. In this experiment, AgNPs solution was synthesized by chemical reduction, characterized and tested as the antibacterial effects of sliver nanoparticles (Ag-Nps ) on S. aureus. Sliver nanoparticles revealed unique physical and chemical properties that suitable to understand to possess a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities. Sliver nanoparticles (AgNPs ) characterized by UV- Visible spectrphotometry by exhibiting the typical surface plasmon absorption maxima at 400 nm. The morphology of the sliver nanoparticles was measured by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM. (Investigating Antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles were evaluated by using Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ( MIC) technique. The experiment results showed that the lowest MIC and MBC of Ag-NPs to S. aureus was 30 ppm, 300ppm, respectively. The obtained results suggested that Ag-NPs exhibit bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal effect towards S.aureus.The present study indicates (AgNps) has considerable antibacterial activity.

Background Selected microRNAs (miRNAs) that are abnormally expressed in the serum of patients with lung cancer have recently been proposed as biomarkers of this disease. The measurement of circulating miRNAs, however, requires a highly reliable quantification method. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is the most commonly used method, but it lacks reliable endogenous reference miRNAs for normalization of results in biofluids. When used in absolute quantification, it must rely on the use of external calibrators. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is a recently introduced technology that overcomes the normalization issue and may facilitate miRNA measurement. Here we compared the performance of absolute qPCR and ddPCR techniques for quantifying selected miRNAs in the serum. Results In the first experiment, three miRNAs, proposed in the literature as lung cancer biomarkers (miR-21, miR-126 and let-7a), were analyzed in a set of 15 human serum samples. Four independent qPCR and four independent ddPCR amplifications were done on the same samples and used to estimate the precision and correlation of miRNA measurements obtained with the two techniques. The precision of the two methods was evaluated by calculating the Coefficient of Variation (CV) of the four independent measurements obtained with each technique. The CV was similar or smaller in ddPCR than in qPCR for all miRNAs tested, and was significantly smaller for let-7a ( p  = 0.028). Linear regression analysis of the miRNA values obtained with qPCR and ddPCR showed strong correlation ( p  < 0.001). To validate the correlation obtained with the two techniques in the first experiment, in a second experiment the same miRNAs were measured in a larger cohort (70 human serum samples) by both qPCR and ddPCR. The correlation of miRNA analyses with the two methods was significant for all three miRNAs. Moreover, in our experiments the ddPCR technique had higher throughput than qPCR, at a similar cost-per-sample. Conclusions Analyses of serum miRNAs performed with qPCR and ddPCR were largely concordant. Both qPCR and ddPCR can reliably be used to quantify circulating miRNAs, however, ddPCR revealed similar or greater precision and higher throughput of analysis.

Decellularization of natural tissues to produce extracellular matrix is a promising method for three-dimensional scaffolding and for understanding microenvironment of the tissue of interest. Due to the lack of a universal standard protocol for tissue decellularization, recent investigations seek to develop novel methods for whole or partial organ decellularization capable of supporting cell differentiation and implantation towards appropriate tissue regeneration. This review provides a comprehensive and updated perspective on the most recent advances in decellularization strategies for a variety of organs and tissues, highlighting techniques of chemical, physical, biological, enzymatic, or combinative-based methods to remove cellular contents from tissues. In addition, the review presents modernized approaches for improving standard decellularization protocols for numerous organ types.