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"chemical-composition"
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Assessment of the amorphous matter content on the performance of aluminosilicate precursors for alkaline activation
The importance of amorphous matter content in precursors for alkaline activation was studied by means of adjustment of precursors (four types) amorphous matter content to the same level (42%) and by measurement of strength of prepared Alkali Activated Materials (AAM). It was found that the same content of amorphous matter is not ensuring the same strength. The precursor performance is controlled also by the chemical composition of its amorphous portion.
Journal Article
Highly Active 2D Layered MoS 2 -rGO Hybrids for Energy Conversion and Storage Applications
The development of efficient materials for the generation and storage of renewable energy is now an urgent task for future energy demand. In this report, molybdenum disulphide hollow sphere (MoS 2 -HS) and its reduced graphene oxide hybrid (rGO/MoS 2 -S) have been synthesized and explored for energy generation and storage applications. The surface morphology, crystallinity and elemental composition of the as-synthesized materials have been thoroughly analysed. Inspired by the fascinating morphology of the MoS 2 -HS and rGO/MoS 2 -S materials, the electrochemical performance towards hydrogen evolution and supercapacitor has been demonstrated. The rGO/MoS 2 -S shows enhanced gravimetric capacitance values (318 ± 14 Fg −1 ) with higher specific energy/power outputs (44.1 ± 2.1 Whkg −1 and 159.16 ± 7.0 Wkg −1 ) and better cyclic performances (82 ± 0.95% even after 5000 cycles). Further, a prototype of the supercapacitor in a coin cell configuration has been fabricated and demonstrated towards powering a LED. The unique balance of exposed edge site and electrical conductivity of rGO/MoS 2 -S shows remarkably superior HER performances with lower onset over potential (0.16 ± 0.05 V), lower Tafel slope (75 ± 4 mVdec −1 ), higher exchange current density (0.072 ± 0.023 mAcm −2 ) and higher TOF (1.47 ± 0.085 s −1 ) values. The dual performance of the rGO/MoS 2 -S substantiates the promising application for hydrogen generation and supercapacitor application of interest.
Journal Article
Influence of the chemical composition of the load-carrying equipment material on its performance
The study presented here refers to the use of chain slings carrying loads. The theoretical calculation shows us the high reliability and almost failsafe operation of a metal welded chain. The introduction describes the relevance of the work and a brief historical background to the problem, as well as the terms used in the work. In the next part of the work the methodology of load and reliability calculation is given, further quantitative values of reliability indicators, methods of their obtaining, and the methodology of reliability calculation according to the strength criterion are shown. The scheme of work of the emission spectrometer, technology of its application, and carrying out of the entrance inspection are resulting. As conclusions practical recommendations and coincidence of results of research with known facts from material science are indicated. Studies conducted by the authors show that the use of chain hangers without in-depth input control of the chemical composition of the material used can cause significant damage.
Journal Article
Data-driven electrolyte design for lithium metal anodes
Improving Coulombic efficiency (CE) is key to the adoption of high energy density lithium metal batteries. Liquid electrolyte engineering has emerged as a promising strategy for improving the CE of lithium metal batteries, but its complexity renders the performance prediction and design of electrolytes challenging. Here, we develop machine learning (ML) models that assist and accelerate the design of high-performance electrolytes. Using the elemental composition of electrolytes as the features of our models, we apply linear regression, random forest, and bagging models to identify the critical features for predicting CE. Our models reveal that a reduction in the solvent oxygen content is critical for superior CE. We use the ML models to design electrolyte formulations with fluorine-free solvents that achieve a high CE of 99.70%. This work highlights the promise of data-driven approaches that can accelerate the design of high-performance electrolytes for lithium metal batteries.
Journal Article
Influence of the Titanium Implant Surface Treatment on the Surface Roughness and Chemical Composition
The implant surface features affect the osseointegration process. Different surface treatment methods have been applied to improve the surface topography and properties. Trace of different elements may appear on the implant surface, which can modify surface properties and may affect the body’s response. The aim was to evaluate the roughness based on the surface treatment received and the amount and type of trace elements found. Ninety implants (nine different surface treatment) were evaluated. Roughness parameters were measured using white-light-interferometry (WLI). The arithmetical mean for Ra, Rq, Rt, and Rz of each implant system was calculated, and Fisher’s exact test was applied, obtaining Ra values between 0.79 and 2.89 µm. Surface chemical composition was evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) at two times: as received by the manufacturer (AR) and after sputter-cleaning (SC). Traces of several elements were found in all groups, decreasing in favor of the Ti concentration after the sputter-cleaning. Within the limitations of this study, we can conclude that the surface treatment influences the roughness and the average percentage of the trace elements on the implant surface. The cleaning process at the implant surface should be improved by the manufacturer before assembling the implant.
Journal Article
Correction: The Elemental Composition of Demospongiae from the Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba
Originally published, uncorrected article. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099918.s001 (PDF) File S2.
Mayzel B, Aizenberg J, Ilan M (2014) The Elemental Composition of Demospongiae from the Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba.
Journal Article
The microbial carbon pump and climate change
The ocean has been a regulator of climate change throughout the history of Earth. One key mechanism is the mediation of the carbon reservoir by refractory dissolved organic carbon (RDOC), which can either be stored in the water column for centuries or released back into the atmosphere as CO2 depending on the conditions. The RDOC is produced through a myriad of microbial metabolic and ecological processes known as the microbial carbon pump (MCP). Here, we review recent research advances in processes related to the MCP, including the distribution patterns and molecular composition of RDOC, links between the complexity of RDOC compounds and microbial diversity, MCP-driven carbon cycles across time and space, and responses of the MCP to a changing climate. We identify knowledge gaps and future research directions in the role of the MCP, particularly as a key component in integrated approaches combining the mechanisms of the biological and abiotic carbon pumps for ocean negative carbon emissions.In this Review, Jiao, Robinson and colleagues examine recent advances related to the microbial carbon pump, exploring its role in the carbon cycle and climate change, and proposing future research directions and approaches to ocean negative carbon emissions.
Journal Article