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Ensuring the holistic health of children and adolescents is a responsibility shared by families and society. In recent years, protection issues related to children and adolescents have garnered increasing public attention due to several major social incidents such as abuse, assault, school bullying, and filicide-suicide. These concerns necessitate the implementation of collective prevention efforts. Clinical healthcare professionals and frontline community nurses serve as guardians of holistic health, and their ability to remain vigilant, identify risks early, and provide timely referrals or interventions is crucial to ensuring that children, adolescents, and their families receive adequate and necessary support. In this article, the concept of nursing accountability is analyzed, the key factors associated with depression and suicide risk in adolescents are identified, and the roles and functions of nurses are outlined in three major professional nursing fields: (1) School nurses play a vital role in recogniz

兒童青少年全人健康是家庭與社會共同的責任。近幾年來，兒少保護議題因為數個重大社會事件受到大眾矚目，特別是兒少心理健康或保護性議題（如凌虐、侵害、校園霸凌、殺子後自殺等），亟需全民共同努力防範。臨床專業人員與社區第一線護理師扮演人民的全人健康守護者，若能發揮專業敏感度、早期發現、介入即時之處置或適時轉介，將有助於有特殊需求之兒少及其家庭獲得必要且充分的協助。本文從護理當責之概念分析，整理兒少憂鬱及自殺風險相關因子，再藉由以下三大護理專業領域特色說明護理之角色與功能：（1）校護透過日常互動察覺學生憂鬱或自殺風險並建立跨處室支持網絡，以早期發現與合適處置或轉介；（2）社區護理師透過健康訪視、家庭觀察與跨領域合作，協助高風險兒少獲得適當資源；（3）兒科護理師則利用標準化評估工具及跨專業合作，及時介入兒少心理危機處置，確保安全並提供心理支持。現今變動的醫療環境與社會氛圍下，提升學校護理教育及跨科在職教育之護理當責與創傷知情概念，將優化兒少第一線照護服務品質、促進護理師個人正向改變、並賦予護兒家三方相互溝通了解的管道，利於早期發現兒少心理健康需求，降低憂鬱或自殺的風險。

Based on studies relating the impact of foster care organizations on the development of institutionalized children and adolescents, the present paper conducted an investigation of the strategies used by professionals in charge of foster care evaluation in Brazil, as well as the quality indicators used for this task. Nine evaluators and five foster care coordinators took part in the study. Data collection involved interviews, questionnaires and document analysis, using a framework from Developmental Psychopathology, specifically in terms of its contribution on risk and protective factors. Evaluators used the institutional visit as a predominant assessment strategy, conducting it in different ways and frequency. The quality indicators found were also varied. A low frequency of reports related to the educational practice of frontline staff and institutional efforts in order to maintain family ties were observed as well.

Partindo-se de estudos referentes ao impacto da organização dos abrigos sobre o desenvolvimento de crianças e adolescentes institucionalizados, o presente trabalho objetivou: investigar as estratégias utilizadas por profissionais ao avaliarem abrigos, bem como os indicadores de qualidade que orientam essa tarefa. Participaram do estudo nove avaliadores e cinco coordenadores de abrigos. A coleta de dados deu-se por entrevistas, questionários e análise documental, sendo analisados segundo o referencial teórico da Psicopatologia do Desenvolvimento, especificamente referente aos fatores de risco e proteção. Os avaliadores utilizaram, de forma e freqüência variada, a visita à entidade como estratégia avaliativa. Os indicadores de qualidade identificados, também variaram. Obteve-se baixa freqüência de relatos sobre práticas educativas dos monitores e cuidados da entidade para manutenção dos vínculos familiares.Based on studies relating the impact of foster care organizations on the development of institutionalized children and adolescents, the present paper conducted an investigation of the strategies used by professionals in charge of foster care evaluation in Brazil, as well as the quality indicators used for this task. Nine evaluators and five foster care coordinators took part in the study. Data collection involved interviews, questionnaires and document analysis, using a framework from Developmental Psychopathology, specifically in terms of its contribution on risk and protective factors. Evaluators used the institutional visit as a predominant assessment strategy, conducting it in different ways and frequency. The quality indicators found were also varied. A low frequency of reports related to the educational practice of frontline staff and institutional efforts in order to maintain family ties were observed as well.

Partindo-se de estudos referentes ao impacto da organização dos abrigos sobre o desenvolvimento de crianças e adolescentes institucionalizados, o presente trabalho objetivou: investigar as estratégias utilizadas por profissionais ao avaliarem abrigos, bem como os indicadores de qualidade que orientam essa tarefa. Participaram do estudo nove avaliadores e cinco coordenadores de abrigos. A coleta de dados deu-se por entrevistas, questionários e análise documental, sendo analisados segundo o referencial teórico da Psicopatologia do Desenvolvimento, especificamente referente aos fatores de risco e proteção. Os avaliadores utilizaram, de forma e freqüência variada, a visita à entidade como estratégia avaliativa. Os indicadores de qualidade identificados, também variaram. Obteve-se baixa freqüência de relatos sobre práticas educativas dos monitores e cuidados da entidade para manutenção dos vínculos familiares.

Adolescence is a pivotal point in the life course, characterised by transformative physical, cognitive, and emotional growth, an openness to change, and a drive to reshape the social environment. It offers unique opportunities to adopt changes in diet and physical activity that can persist into later life. Yet pre-existing nutritional problems, including micronutrient deficiencies, food insecurity, and poor-quality diets, persist at the same time as adolescents face the rapid emergence of an obesity epidemic. Adolescent growth and nutrition has been largely overlooked in intervention and policy research. Most intervention studies have emphasised micronutrient supplementation, with few taking into account the multiple drivers of adolescent diets. This Series paper highlights that effective interventions and policies will need to cut across sectors; be supported by multifaceted and multilevel policy; and extend across education, health, food systems, social protection, and digital media. Better data standardisation and systems will be essential in coordinating and monitoring these responses. In a context of shifts in planetary ecosystems and commercial drivers, resilient food systems will need to both ensure access to healthy and affordable foods and provide the infrastructure and incentives for continuing physical activity. Intergenerational partnerships with young people will be essential in bringing about transformative change and ensuring that food policies reflect their needs and aspirations.

Although neurodisability features significantly across child welfare and youth justice cohorts, little research investigates neurodisability among crossover children with dual systems involvement. This study examined differences in childhood adversity, child protection involvement, and offending among crossover children by neurodisability status. Data were from a sample of 300 children (68% male, 31% female, 1% transgender; mean age = 16.2 years, range 10–21) who were charged and appeared in three Australian children’s courts, and who also had statutory child protection involvement in the study jurisdiction. The results indicated that nearly one-half of crossover children had a neurodisability (48%) and this group experienced greater cumulative maltreatment and adversity, earlier out-of-home care entry and offending onset, more caregiver relinquishment and residential care placement, and a greater volume of charges. While substantial differences between specific neurodisabilities were evident, crossover children with any neurodisability had greater odds of having charges related to criminal damage and motor vehicle theft, however they were no more likely to have violent charges relative to other crossover children. The study’s findings demonstrated that the prevalence of neurodisability, and child welfare system responses to this phenomenon, contributes to several offending-related trends observed among crossover children.

[...]the Every Woman Every Child movement attracted more than US$60 billion dollars to women's and children's health between 2010 and 2015, with commitments from over 300 partners.6 The movement has spurred partnership mechanisms to support country-led implementation of the global strategy (2016-2030) - including the Global Financing Facility in support of Every Woman Every Child, the Innovation Marketplace, Unified Accountability Framework and the UN system's health agencies' H6 partnership.1 The global strategy (2016-2030) recognizes that human rights and other fundamental development principles - such as equity, community ownership and development effectiveness - are drivers of transformative change.1 In Peru, principles of equity underpinned a programme of poverty mapping to identify and prioritize reaching poor, rural and indigenous populations with social protection programmes and culturally appropriate, affordable care.7 In Kenya, the institutionalization of human rights principles is benefiting women's health following complaints alleging systematic violation of women's reproductive health rights in health facilities.

Little is known about the effects of placing children who are abused or neglected into foster care. This paper uses the placement tendency of child protection investigators as an instrumental variable to identify causal effects of foster care on long-term outcomes-including juvenile delinquency, teen motherhood, and employmentamong children in Illinois where a rotational assignment process effectively randomizes families to investigators. Large marginal treatment effect estimates suggest caution in the interpretation, but the results suggest that children on the margin of placement tend to have better outcomes when they remain at home, especially older children.

Parents can significantly impact their adolescent child’s sexual and relationship decision-making, yet many parents are not effectively communicating with their teens about these topics. Media are sexual socialization agents for adolescents, which can encourage early or risky sexual activity. Media Aware Parent is a web-based program for parents of adolescents that was designed to improve adolescent sexual health by providing parents with the skills to have high-quality communication with their child about sex and relationships as well as to mediate their media usage. This web-based randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2018–2019 with parent-child pairs (grades 7, 8, or 9; N = 355) from across the United States. Parent participants identified as mostly female (75%), white/Caucasian (74%); and non-Hispanic (92%). The youth sample was more balanced in terms of gender (45% female) and more diverse with respect to race (66% white) and ethnicity (86% non-Hispanic). Twenty-eight percent of the families identified as a single parent household, and 35% of the youth were eligible for free school lunch. The present study assessed the short-term effects of Media Aware Parent on parent–adolescent communication, adolescent sexual health outcomes, and media-related outcomes across a one-month timeframe. Parents were randomly assigned to the intervention (Media Aware Parent) or active control group (online access to medically-accurate information on adolescent sexual health). The intervention improved parent–adolescent communication quality as rated by both parents and youth. Youth were more likely to understand that their parent did not want them to have sex at this early age. Youth reported more agency over hook-ups, more positive attitudes about sexual health communication and contraception/protection, and more self-efficacy to use contraception/protection, if they decide to have sexual activity. The intervention improved media literacy skills in both parents and youth, and resulted in youth being more aware of family media rules. Parents gave overwhelming positive feedback about Media Aware Parent. The results from this pretest-posttest study provide evidence that Media Aware Parent is an effective web-based program for parents seeking to enhance parent–adolescent communication and media mediation, and positively impact their adolescents’ sexual health outcomes.