Explore the vast range of titles available.

This paper deals with the Hungarian return migration process and the importance of identity changes for migration decisions. Outmigration of labour force from Hungary and other East Central European countries has intensified after the EU accession in 2004 and 2007. The possibility of free movement encouraged many Eastern and Central European citizens to leave their country; however, this is not a one-way process. A significant number of migrants returned to the home country with newly acquired skills and other assets. The majority of migration theories evaluate return migration by the role of family, motivations or different kinds of acquired capital, but the importance of identity change is less considered. Our primary aim is to investigate the future migration strategy of Hungarian returnees. The paper is based on national policy analysis and indepth interviews. According to our results, interviewees highlighted the role of work experience and family status. In general, highly skilled returnees met fewer obstacles during their return due to higher flexibility and former employer contracts, but family issues might represent more obstacles during the return. Lower skilled returnees were more dissatisfied with their return, especially those who migrated together with their family members. Hence, the chance for another emigration was higher than in the highly skilled group.

This article examines migration patterns in Southeast Europe, with a particular focus on circular labour migrants from Bosnia and Herzegovina in Slovenia. Facing labour shortages across both low-skilled and high-skilled sectors, Slovenia has increasingly relied on migrants from the Balkans to fill these gaps. However, the persistent outflow of workers from Bosnia and Herzegovina has had detrimental effects on Bosnia’s economy and society, exacerbating brain drain and demographic shifts. To address these challenges in third countries, the European Union has been promoting a circular migration model over the past three decades. While this model theoretically offers benefits to both countries by reducing brain drain and meeting labour demands, its practical effectiveness remains uncertain. This article analyses the impact of circular migration policy in Slovenia by examining migration statistics and assessing whether circular migration functions as intended in practice.

Since the beginning of the 21st century, Romanian migrants have become one of the most significant national groups doing agricultural work in Spain, initially coming via a temporary migration program and later under several different modalities. However, despite their critical importance for the functioning of Europe’s largest agro-industry, the study of this long-term circular mobility is still underdeveloped in migration and agriculture literature. Thanks to extensive fieldwork carried out in the provinces of Huelva and Lleida in Spain and in the counties of Teleorman and Buzău in Romania, this paper has two main objectives: first, to identify some of the most common forms of mobility of these migrants; and second, to discuss whether this industrial agriculture, hugely dependent on migrant work, is socially sustainable. The case of Romanian migrants in Spanish agriculture will serve to show how a critical sector for the EU and for the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development of the United Nations, operates on an unsustainable model based on precariousness and exploitation.

Human geographers, and collaborators in cognate disciplines, have taken the lead in critiquing a wave of optimistic thinking about the relationship between migration and development that has emerged over the past two decades. This paper reviews and synthesizes recent human geographical and related critiques, arguing that they constitute a ‘new migration-and-development pessimism’, the main contentions of which are: (1) that the new optimism is not really new; (2) that it is partially driven by hidden political and economic agendas; and (3) that it is distorted by simplification and exaggeration.

This article attempts to provide an integrated conceptual framework for understanding how rural–urban migrants in China integrate into urban society. We propose a three-phase conceptual framework in which the social integration of rural–urban migrants is categorized into circular migration, urban settlement, and urban integration. We argue that the three phases differ with respect to the aims of migration, the identity of migrants, the key dimensions of social integration, the role of government, and the hukou policy. While the transition from circular migration to urban settlement is an outcome of economic development and change in demographic structure, as reflected by the economic conditions of rural–urban migrants, welfare expansion also plays a critical role during this process. We further hypothesize that the transition from urban settlement to urban integration will be a result of the social interaction between rural–urban migrants and local urbanites, within which social capital and cultural factors are vital. Since most rural–urban migrants are currently at the phase of urban settlement, we suggest that the Chinese government should enlarge welfare provisions to support their settlement in cities. This study contributes to improving the understanding of how to facilitate social integration of internal migrants in developing countries.

BACKGROUND Research on the interrelation of migration and family trajectories focuses on the familial events of long-term migrants in the destination country. For circular mobility the pattern is more complex, involving a series of migratory and familial decisions. OBJECTIVE The article evaluates the impact of the family situation and familial events on circular migration patterns, focusing on parenthood and gender. METHODS The article uses data from a 2019 survey of Ukrainian migrants to Poland (Warsaw) (N = 1314), and a similar 2015 survey (N = 642) to conduct robustness checks. The analytical strategy involves multistate discrete unobserved heterogeneity models, assessing the intensity of transitions from Poland to Ukraine and vice versa. RESULTS The family situation at the start of migration impacts the circulation patterns of women, while for men the obtained results are less obvious. Partnered mothers stay for shorter times in Poland and longer periods in Ukraine than partnered childless females, single mothers, and singles. Childbirth and marriage during the stay prolong the stay in both countries. CONCLUSIONS Familial and migratory trajectories are interlinked in circular migration, especially for female migrants, providing transnational livelihoods. These interrelations can be interpreted within a framework that combines the role of capital accumulation (savings) during migration and the different separation costs for women and men. CONTRIBUTION The study goes beyond the approach of studying long-term migrants in the destination country. It turns its attention to the sending country context in order to understand the interrelations between familial and migratory events and the respective differences between men and women.

This article explores how model temporary migrant worker programs (TMWPs) that permit seasonal return can institutionalize deportability or the possibility of removal among participants with legal status. It draws on the cases of two groups of workers who participated in the British Columbia–Mexico Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SAWP) and who managed to unionize and secure collective agreements (CAs). The author argues that the design and operation of SAWP constrains workers’ capacity to see out fixed-term contracts and to realize the promise of seasonal return. These inherent constraints lead to a form of institutionalized deportability, even among participants covered by CAs crafted to mitigate the possibility of unjust termination and premature repatriation and to address workers’ precarious transnational situation. Focusing on how deportability operates, the article analyzes immigration and labor laws and policies, CAs, key informant interviews, and testimony before British Columbia’s labor relations tribunal along with the decisions of that tribunal.

In Australia, past and present, Pacific Islanders have been labelled as undesirable others, included to temporarily fill labour shortages as 'required', controlled while resident in the country and removed when no longer 'deemed necessary'. Pacific Islanders' experiences in Australia reveal the inception, continuity and durability of differential inclusion produced by border control mechanisms. This paper traces Australia's history of deporting Pacific Islanders over more than a century: from indentured labour and blackbirding, colonial occupation of Pacific Islands and the White Australia Policy, to more recent patterns of selective inclusion, such as the labour mobility schemes, to the disproportionate effects on Pacific Islanders of modifications to the criteria for deportability introduced in 2014 with the amendments to section 501 of the 'Migration Act 1958' (Cth). By tracing the past-present circular border policies, this paper argues that the high number of Pasifika New Zealanders deported from Australia represents a continuation of a regime of differential inclusion.

This article explores the impact of \"in-house\" and migrant-generated transnational practices on Syrian Christianity in Kerala, India. It examines the interplay between local and transnational influences, including caste structures, historical social reform movements, and pressures of upward mobility, that have shaped the religious landscape of Syrian Christians in Kerala. The research points out that the transnational migratory context has induced a shift in the doctrinal orientation among Syrian Christians. Syrian Christians increasingly lean towards a theological doctrine that blends materialistic values and spirituality. The study observes the complex interaction encompassing socio-cultural and economic variables with reference to Syrian Christianity in context of transnational migration. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of evolution and religious development within Syrian Christianity offering insights into the broader discourse on the interplay of religion, migration and cultural change. This study highlights the need for a broader framework to trace the processes covering transnational religious connections and migration-influenced religious change, beyond the optic of mere economic and social remittances.