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"circulatory system"
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The circulatory system
Describes the components of the circulatory system, how the heart functions to pump blood through the human body, and cardiovascular diseases and disorders.
Book
Circulatory System Based Optimization (CSBO): an expert multilevel biologically inspired meta-heuristic algorithm
The optimization problems are becoming more complicated, requiring new and efficient optimization techniques to solve them. Many bio-inspired meta-heuristic algorithms have emerged in the last decade to solve these complex problems as most of these algorithms may be trapped into local optima and could not effectively solve all types of optimization problems. Hence, researchers are still trying to develop new and better optimization algorithms. This paper introduces a novel biologically-based optimization algorithm called circulatory system-based optimization (CSBO). CSBO is modeled based on the function of the body's blood vessels with two distinctive circuits, i.e. pulmonary and systemic circuits. The proposed CSBO algorithm is tested on a wide variety of complex functions of the real world and validated with the standard meta-heuristic algorithms. The results indicate that the CSBO algorithm successfully achieves the optimal solutions and avoids local optima. Note that the source code of the CSBO algorithm is publicly available at
http://www.optim-app.com/projects/csbo
.
Journal Article
The circulatory story
Your hardworking heart started beating eight months before you were born and continues to beat about one hundred thousand times a day. \"By the time you're seventy years old, it will have beaten about 2.5 billion times.\" Find out the story behind each beat on a journey through the body's circulatory system.
Book
Applying the Rasch model to measure students’ critical thinking skills on the science topic of the human circulatory system
Critical thinking (CT) is essential in science education to enable students to deeply understand scientific concepts and apply their knowledge to solve complex real-world problems. Despite its importance, a notable gap remains in the availability of instruments designed to measure CT in specific science topics. This study addresses this gap by testing the accuracy of an instrument for assessing secondary students’ CT related to the human circulatory system, focusing on six APA-defined indicators: interpretation, analysis, inference, evaluation, explanation, and self-regulation. The study was conducted in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and involved 445 8th-grade students from urban, middle, and rural schools. Data were collected through an online test administered in collaboration with teachers after students had completed the topic. Using the Rasch model for data analysis improved the accuracy and consistency of the instrument. Results showed that self-regulation was CT subskill with the lowest mean score, highlighting it as a priority for development. At the same time, interpretation had the highest mean score, particularly in the level 4 rating category, making it the most mastered skill. These findings underscore the need for educators to develop targeted learning strategies that enhance CT skills and adapt them to other science topics with similar complexity to the human circulatory system.
Journal Article
The science of the heart and circulatory system
Introduces the workings of the heart and circulatory system in the human body.
Book
Effect of lower extremity amputation on cardiovascular hemodynamic environment: An in vitro study
Lower extremity amputation (LEA) was associated with a greater risk of cardiovascular disease, but its hemodynamic mechanisms have not been fully studied. Therefore, to clarify the interrelationship between them, and figure out the potential pathogenesis, the exploration of the hemodynamic environment change of patients after LEA was premeditatedly executed. A near-physiological mock circulatory system (MCS) was employed in the present work to replicate the cardiovascular circulation after LEA in a short time and the unsteady-state numerical simulation was utilized as an auxiliary method to observe the changes of the hemodynamic environment inside the blood vessel. Higher severity of LEA leads to higher peripheral vascular impedance, higher blood pressure, and more obvious redistribution of blood perfusion volume. In addition, higher severity of LEA leads to lower wall shear stress (WSS), higher oscillatory shear index (OSI), and higher relative residence time (RRT) appeared in the infrarenal abdominal aorta and the iliac artery, while these changes are closely related to the higher probability of cardiovascular diseases. Results showed that different degrees of LEA (varying heights, unilateral/bilateral) have diverse effects on the patient's hemodynamic environment. This study explained the potential pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases after LEA from a hemodynamic perspective and provided a certain reference value for the improvement of the cardiovascular hemodynamic environment and the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in lower extremity amputees.
Journal Article
Why do I bleed?
\"Want to know how arteries carry oxygen-rich blood throughout our bodies and what blood type means? Fun illustrations and entertaining text help give kids a clear understanding of the blood and circulatory system\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
A patient-specific modelling method of blood circulatory system for the numerical simulation of enhanced external counterpulsation
Lumped parameter model (LPM) is a common numerical model for hemodynamic simulation of human’s blood circulatory system. The numerical simulation of enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) is a typical biomechanical simulation process based on the LPM of blood circulatory system. In order to simulate patient-specific hemodynamic effects of EECP and develop best treatment strategy for each individual, this study developed an optimization algorithm to individualize LPM elements. Physiological data from 30 volunteers including approximate aortic pressure, cardiac output, ankle pressure and carotid artery flow were clinically collected as optimization objectives. A closed-loop LPM was established for the simulation of blood circulatory system. Aiming at clinical data, a sensitivity analysis for each element was conducted to identify the significant ones. We improved the traditional simulated annealing algorithm to iteratively optimize the sensitive elements. To verify the accuracy of the patient-specific model, 30 samples of simulated data were compared with clinical measurements. In addition, an EECP experiment was conducted on a volunteer to verify the applicability of the optimized model for the simulation of EECP. For these 30 samples, the optimization results show a slight difference between clinical data and simulated data. The average relative root mean square error is lower than 5%. For the subject of EECP experiment, the relative error of hemodynamic responses during EECP is lower than 10%. This slight error demonstrated a good state of optimization. The optimized modeling algorithm can effectively individualize the LPM for blood circulatory system, which is significant to the numerical simulation of patient-specific hemodynamics.
Journal Article
Mortality from diseases of the circulatory system in Brazil and its relationship with social determinants focusing on vulnerability: an ecological study
Background
Deaths from diseases of the circulatory system and ischemic heart diseases are declining, but slowly in developing countries, emphasizing its probable relationship with determinants of social vulnerability.
Objectives
To analyze the temporal progression of mortality rates of diseases of the circulatory system and ischemic heart diseases from 1980 to 2019 and the association of the rates with the Municipal Human Development Index and Social Vulnerability Index in Brazil.
Methods
We estimated the crude and standardized mortality rates of diseases of the circulatory system and ischemic heart diseases and analyzed the relationship between the obtained data and the Municipal Human Development Index and Social Vulnerability Index. Data on deaths and population were obtained from the DATASUS. The Municipal Human Development Index and the Social Vulnerability Index of each federative unit were extracted from the websites
Atlas Brazil
and
Atlas of Social Vulnerability
, respectively.
Results
The age-standardized mortality rates of diseases of the circulatory system and ischemic heart diseases showed a downward trend nationwide, which was unequal across the federative units. There was an inversely proportional relationship between the standardized mortality rates of diseases of the circulatory system and ischemic heart diseases and the Municipal Human Development Index. The downward mortality trend was observed when the indices were greater than 0.70 and 0.75, respectively. The Social Vulnerability Index was directly proportional to the standardized mortality rates of diseases of the circulatory system and ischemic heart diseases. An upward mortality trend was observed with a Social Vulnerability Index greater than 0.35.
Conclusions
Social determinants represented by the Municipal Human Development Index and the Social Vulnerability Index were related to mortality from diseases of the circulatory system and ischemic heart diseases across the Brazilian federative units. The units with most development and least social inequalities had the lowest mortality from these causes. The most vulnerable die the most.
Journal Article