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Cultivation for climate change resilience. Volume 2, Temperate fruit trees
\"Awareness of the adverse impact associated with the global climate change on the future of agriculture, researchers are devoting efforts for finding solutions to mitigate undesired effects based on intelligent predictions and improved utilization of available genetic resources. This book highlights the contemporary knowledge of the impacts of abiotic and biotic stresses inflected by climate changes on the production, horticultural practices and physiological processes of various fruit tree species. Moreover, it describes the adaptation of innovative approaches to mitigate the climatic adverse effects and enhance resilience characteristics of fruit crops. Each chapter addresses one fruit crop and covers available information in relation to the various concepts. General introduction on climatic requirements of a fruit crop. Significant symptoms of climate change impacts on trees and fruit. Crop management under changed climate conditions. Natural adaptation of genetic resources. Mitigation strategies against biotic and abiotic stresses. Remote sensing and environmental certification. Future prospects and literature cited. This book is essential for researchers and students concerned with improving the productivity and quality of fruit crops to achieve sustainable fruit cultivation and conservation of this important nutritional food source for future generations\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Role of Digital Agriculture in Mitigating Climate Change and Ensuring Food Security: An Overview
Digital agriculture involving different tools and management practices has advanced considerably in recent years, intending to overcome climate risk and reduce food insecurity. Climate change and its impacts on agricultural production and food security are significant sources of public concern worldwide. The objective of this study was to provide an overview of the potential impact of digital agriculture technologies and practices that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance productivity while ensuring food security. Based on a comprehensive survey of the previously published works, it was found that due to global warming, altered precipitation patterns, and an increase in the frequency of extreme events, climate change has negatively impacted food security by reducing agricultural yields, slowing animal growth rates, and decreasing livestock productivity. The reviewed works also suggest that using digital technology in agriculture is necessary to mitigate the effect of climate change and food insecurity. In addition, issues regarding creating sustainable agricultural food systems, minimizing environmental pollution, increasing yields, providing fair and equitable food distribution, and reducing malnutrition leading to food security were discussed in detail. It was shown that while digital agriculture has a crucial role in mitigating climate change and ensuring food security, it requires a concerted effort from policymakers, researchers, and farmers to ensure that the benefits of digitalization are realized in a sustainable and equitable manner.
Journal Article
The potential habitat of Angelica dahurica in China under climate change scenario predicted by Maxent model
Since the 20th century, global climate has been recognized as the most important environmental factor affecting the distribution of plants. Angelica dahurica ( A. dahurica ) has been in great demand as a medicinal herb and flavoring, but the lack of seed sources has hindered its development. In this study, we utilized the Maxent model combined with Geographic Information System (GIS) to predict the potential habitat of A. dahurica in China based on its geographical distribution and 22 environmental factors. This prediction will serve as a valuable reference for the utilization and conservation of A. dahurica resources.The results indicated that: (1) the Maxent model exhibited high accuracy in predicting the potential habitat area of A. dahurica , with a mean value of the area under the ROC curve (AUC) at 0.879 and a TSS value above 0.6; (2) The five environmental variables with significant effects were bio6 (Min temperature of the coldest month), bio12 (Annual Precipitation), bio17 (Precipitation of Driest Quarter), elevation, and slope, contributing to a cumulative total of 89.6%. Suitable habitats for A. dahurica were identified in provinces such as Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Sichuan, Hunan, and others. The total area of suitable habitat was projected to increase, with expansion primarily in middle and high latitudes, while areas of decrease were concentrated in lower latitudes. Under future climate change scenarios, the centers of mass of suitable areas for A. dahurica were predicted to shift towards higher latitudes in the 2050s and 2090s, particularly towards the North China Plain and Northeast Plain. Overall, it holds great significance to utilize the Maxent model to predict the development and utilization of A. dahurica germplasm resources in the context of climate change.
Journal Article
The regenerative agriculture solution : a revolutionary approach to building soil, creating climate resilience, and supporting human and planetary health
\"Is it possible that the solution to the global climate emergency lies in a \"waste\" agricultural product? Two brothers from a small town in Mexico are proving just that. The best-kept secret in the world today is that solutions to some of our most pressing issues-food insecurity, deforestation, overgrazing, water scarcity, rural poverty, forced migration-lies in adopting, improving, and scaling up organic and regenerative agriculture best practices. The Regenerative Agriculture Solution tells the story of how two brothers-Jose and Gilberto Flores-are at the leading edge of this approach, pioneering the use of the previously discarded leaves of the prodigious agave plant to regenerate agricultural soils, reduce erosion, and improve water capture. Amazingly, their methods also benefit their local economy, creating jobs by producing an inexpensive livestock feed supplement that could grow into a multi-billion-dollar industry and change the face of agriculture, animal husbandry, ecosystem restoration, and climate change forever. When Ronnie Cummins, the cofounder of Organic Consumer Association (OCA) and Regeneration International, met the Flores brothers in 2019 and witnessed their revolutionary agave agroforestry system, he knew they were onto something important. Cummins had spent decades studying the potential and pitfalls of organic and regenerative agriculture and knew best practices when he saw them. The scientific data was even more convincing, suggesting that the project-and others like it-could revolutionize the way we understand the climate catastrophe. Sadly, Cummins passed away in April 2023, in the midst of working on a book that told the Flores brothers' extraordinary story. Not to leave this work unfinished, Ronnie's widow and OCA cofounder, Rose, called on their friend, colleague, and collaborator, Regeneration International's cofounder André Leu, to complete the work and place the Flores brothers' breakthroughs in the broader context of regenerative agriculture solutions to the world's many interlocking ecological crises. The Regenerative Agriculture Solution is an agricultural, agroforestry, and public policy blueprint, as well as a call to action for organic and regenerative farmers, ranchers, and land managers around the world. It is also a call to action for consumers, policy leaders, organic and sustainable development advocates, corporations, and investors to address the climate, health, and environmental crises as well as rural poverty\"-- Provided by publisher
BOOK
Habitat and Haplotype‐Specific Genetic Vulnerability Analysis Combined With a Multidimensional Scoring System Provides a New Insight for Conservation Prioritization of Ephedra przewalskii
Ephedra przewalskii is a key species in arid regions recognized for its remarkable ecological, economic, and medicinal importance. However, climate change and anthropogenic activities have severely threatened their survival, reduced genetic diversity, and increased the risk of extinction. Nonclimatic variables lack systematic integration in current modeling frameworks, and intraspecific genetic variation is similarly poorly explored. This study assessed the vulnerability and adaptive capacity of E. przewalskii populations by applying ensemble species distribution models (ESDMs) and Climate‐Niche Factor Analysis (CNFA), incorporating climate scenarios and human activity data. Additionally, we calculated the haplotype genetic vulnerability and constructed a multidimensional scoring system that combined habitat and genetic vulnerabilities. High vulnerability was observed in regions such as Nilka County and Hotan, whereas regions such as the Ejina Banner‐Hami‐Heiying Mountain‐Jiuquan range area exhibited reduced vulnerability for E. przewalskii. The habitat vulnerability decreased over time under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways 1‐2.6 (SSP1‐2.6) but significantly increased by the 2090s under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways 5‐8.5 (SSP5‐8.5). Haplotypes G, E, and A were identified as being at high risk for genetic diversity loss under SSP5‐8.5. Application of the multidimensional scoring system successfully identified and prioritized key conservation hotspots—including populations in Wuheshalu, Qiemo, and Ruoqian (Tarim Basin) as well as Karamay, Wuchang, and Burqin (Junggar Basin)—based on their high haplotype diversity and vulnerability. The approach thereby offers an adaptable framework for vulnerability assessment and supporting broader conservation efforts. This study assesses the vulnerability and adaptive capacity of Ephedra przewalskii populations using ensemble species distribution models and Climate‐Niche Factor Analysis, integrating climate and human activity data. It reveals that habitat fragmentation and shrinkage are exacerbated by climate change and anthropogenic activities, with varying genetic vulnerability among haplotype populations. A newly constructed multidimensional scoring system helps prioritize conservation efforts, offering crucial insights for the species' conservation and a general framework for assessing other species' vulnerability.
Journal Article
Global negative effects of nutrient enrichment on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, plant diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality
• Despite widespread anthropogenic nutrient enrichment, it remains unclear how nutrient enrichment influences plant–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis and ecosystem multifunctionality at the global scale.
• Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to examine the worldwide effects of nutrient enrichment on AMF and plant diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality using data of field experiments from 136 papers.
• Our analyses showed that nutrient addition simultaneously decreased AMF diversity and abundance belowground and plant diversity aboveground at the global scale. The decreases in AMF diversity and abundance associated with nutrient addition were more pronounced with increasing experimental duration, mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP). Nutrient addition-induced changes in soil pH and available phosphorus (P) predominantly regulated the responses of AMF diversity and abundance. Furthermore, AMF diversity correlated with ecosystem multifunctionality under nutrient addition worldwide.
• Our findings identify the negative effects of nutrient enrichment on AMF and plant diversity and suggest that AMF diversity is closely linked with ecosystem function. This study offers an important advancement in our understanding of plant–AMF interactions and their likely responses to ongoing global change.
Journal Article
Global desert variation under climatic impact during 1982–2020
Deserts are important landscapes on the earth and their variations have impacts on global climate through feedback processes. However, there is a limited understanding of the climatic controls on the spatial and temporal variations of global deserts. Here, we use climate reanalysis datasets, global land use/land cover (LULC) products and the CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project) model outputs to calculate the changing of global deserts during 1982–2020, and estimate future spatial trends of global deserts. Our results show that mean annual global desert area over this period is 17.64×10
6
km
2
, accounting for 12% of the terrestrial land. Desert areas decreased rapidly from the end of the 1980s to the 1990s in North Africa and Australia, followed by a slow expansion in the early 21st century globally. Spatio-temporal variations of areas of arid climate are characterized by interdecadal fluctuations, and there are clear regional differences in dynamics of the aridity index (AI, used here as a proxy for the area of drylands) and desert areas. Statistical analyses reveal that increased vegetation cover is directly related to the reduction of desert area, while potential evaporation, surface temperature and humidity are also significantly correlated with the desert area. The relationship between wind speed and desert dynamics varies regionally. The results of the CMIP6 simulations suggest that global deserts will expand in the 21st century, albeit at different rates under the ssp245 and ssp585 scenarios. Desert expansions are modelled to be greatest in Asia, Africa and Australia, while those of southern North Africa may reduce as their southern borders migrate northwards.
Journal Article