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The objective of this study was to verify the efficacy of cotton fabric, made of serge bonding 2 x 1, as microbial barrier, when new and after multiple laundering and steam sterilization procedures. The power of the microbial barrier was correlated with physical characteristics of the fabric, using standard test methods for evaluation of weight, traction, stretching tearing resistance and microbiological characteristics. The microbiological results evidenced that the microbial barrier was effective when the wrapping material was new or went through a maximum of new 65 reprocessing procedures. As for the alterations in the physical characteristics of the reprocessed material, the decrease in weight seemed to be the event responsible for microbial barrier breaking. The timing of detected alterations in bursting, traction and stretching in the wrap and the reprocessed fabrics did not coincide with the moment of bacterial barrier breaking. The present investigation corroborates that the use double cotton fabric, for wrapping medical and hospital items for steam sterilization, is safe. Re-use number must be controlled, not exceeding 65 times. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a efetividade do tecido de ligamento sarja 2 x 1, usado na confecção de campos duplos de algodão para a embalagem de artigos médico-hospitalares como barreira microbiana eficaz, enquanto novos e após múltiplas lavagens e autoclavações e correlacionar a quebra do poder de barreira microbiana com as alterações das características físicas do tecido. Foram utilizados métodos de testes padronizados tanto para a avaliação das características físicas para a determinação da gramatura, resistência a ruptura, resistência a tração e alongamento quanto para as microbiológicas. Os resultados microbiológicos demonstraram a efetividade da barreira microbiana da embalagem em estudo enquanto novos e, na determinação do número máximo de reprocessamentos, indicaram o número limite de 65. Quanto às alterações das características físicas do tecido reprocessado, a diminuição da gramatura foi o acontecimento que sustentou a quebra da barreira microbiana. O momento da alteração constatada nas medidas físicas de estouro, tração e alongamento no urdume e na trama dos tecidos reprocessados não coincidiu com o da quebra de barreira microbiana. A presente investigação sustenta a segurança do uso do tecido de algodão como embalagem de artigos médico hospitalares na esterilização por calor úmido. O número de reusos deverá ser controlado, não excedendo o de 65 vezes.

The authors have designed and developed a dual-purpose air cooler (DPAC) capable of both room cooling and refrigeration for storing fruits and vegetables. They proposed a design in which a box, made of mild steel plate and enveloped in jute cloth, is affixed at a specific distance from the cooler tank. This distance corresponds to the height at which the air temperature saturates. Water at saturation temperature is directed over the box to maintain its wetness, thereby indirectly cooling the interior space to prolong the freshness of stored items. The box's sidewall is perforated to introduce additional moisture, enhancing the preservation of vegetables and fruits. This innovative cooler was specifically designed for Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India, considering the region's maximum summer temperature (42 °C) and relative humidity ranging between 20 and 30% during the summer months. The authors conducted comprehensive computations to determine the optimal pad height, varying pad thickness from 10 to 15 cm, pad packing factor from 350 m2/m3 to 450 m2/m3, and relative humidity from 20 to 30%. Additionally, the cooling potential of the cooler was numerically evaluated as part of the study.

This chapter describes numerous air pollution control devices and approaches to remove and treat particulate-phase and vapor-phase contaminants from a gas stream. Beginning with the removal of particulate matter, the various forces are described; i.e. gravity, buoyancy, drag, centrifugal and electrostatic forces, as well as molecular diffusion, and phoresis (thermal and diffusion-based). For removing gas-phase compounds, absorption and adsorption processes are described in detail. The physical and chemical mechanisms at work in gravitational settling, inertial impaction, electrostatic precipitation, filtration, and sorption are discussed in detail. Example calculations are provided, as well as expected problems and considerations needed prior to selecting a technology for a given pollutant stream.