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Rapid advances in the development of nanotechnology in recent years have led to functional magnetic nanoparticle types (MNPs) with different properties. The diverse applications of these nanoparticles make them a desirable candidate for use in biomedical areas due to their exclusive chemical and physical properties. The present work is conducted to study the in vitro biocompatibility of CoFe2O4@shell with different surface coatings (shell: ascorbic acid (AA), dextran (DEX), and polyethyleneimine (PEI). The cytotoxicity of coated nanoparticles is screened toward the glioma cancer line (C6) and fibroblast cell line (L929) using an MTT assay. CoFe2O4 NPs are synthesized using the co‐precipitation method together with hydrothermal synthesis and characterized regarding their structural and magnetic properties using state‐of‐the‐art techniques. Results showed the particles are consistent with the crystal structure of CoFe2O4 and the average crystallite size in the range of 16–18 nm. For the coated NPs, only a slight increase in the Hc is found except for the CoFe2O4@PEI NPs. The comparative analysis of the cytotoxic effects of CoFe2O4@shell NPs on L929 fibroblast and glioma cells shows that the cytotoxicity of samples is much more specific in brain tumor cells, especially it also indicates the significant efficacy of CoFe2O4@PEI in cancer cells. The present work is conducted to study the structural and magnetic effects of the Ascorbic acid, dextran, and polyethyleneimine coated CoFe2O4 NPs and their in vitro biocompatibility towards C6 and L929 cell lines using an MTT assay. According to the results obtained in this investigation, the tailored core size, magnetic performance, and biocompatibility of the samples indicate their possible ability to be used as molecular magnetic contrast agents in imaging studies for diagnosis and treatment.

In this work, single-phase nanostructured NdFe1−xCoxO3 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) perovskite materials were obtained by annealing stoichiochemistry mixtures of their component hydroxides at 750 °C for 60 min. The partial substitution of Fe by Co in the NdFeO3 crystal lattice leads to significant changes in the structural characteristics, and as a consequence, also alters both the magnetic and optical properties of the resulting perovskites. The low optical band gap (Eg = 2.06 ÷ 1.46 eV) and high coercivity (Hc = 136.76 ÷ 416.06 Oe) give Co-doped NdFeO3 nanoparticles a huge advantage for application in both photocatalysis and hard magnetic devices.

The magnetization of iron sand from Anoi Itam beach, Sabang, Indonesia, was investigated through sample testing and synthesis using the co-precipitation method. The purpose of this study is to analyze the magnetic properties of iron sand and review its potential in photocatalytic processes. Before being synthesized, the natural iron sand was separated and milled. The iron sand was dissolved in 37% v/v HCl, stirred, and heated for 30 min. This solution was filtered and precipitated with 6.5 M NH4OH while stirring and heating for 30 min. The magnetite formed was washed repeatedly with distilled water until it reached a normal pH, and then dried. Magnetite characterization tests were performed using XRF, XRD, VSM, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The test results showed that the iron sand had a high magnetic quality with a concentration of 91.17% after the synthesis process. The resulting magnetite phase structure had a spinal inverse cubic shape, with the highest peak at the Miller index (311). From the VSM test, it is known that the resulting magnetite exists in a soft magnetic form with superparamagnetic groups. From optical absorption, magnetite has a gap energy of approximately 2.8 eV. It can be concluded that the magnetite from Anoi Itam Sabang has potential as a photocatalytic absorbent in the visible light wavelength region. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 

The effects of graphene addition on the phase formation and superconducting properties of (Bi1.6Pb0.4)Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 (Bi-2223) ceramics synthesized using the co-precipitation method were systematically investigated. Series samples of Bi-2223 were added with different weight percentages (x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 wt.%) of graphene nanoparticles. The samples’ phase formations and crystal structures were characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the superconducting critical temperatures, Tc, were investigated using alternating current susceptibility (ACS). The XRD showed that a high-Tc phase, Bi-2223, and a small low-Tc phase, Bi-2212, dominated the samples. The volume fraction of the Bi-2223 phase increased for the sample with x = 0.3 wt.% and 0.5 wt.% of graphene and slightly reduced at x = 1.0 wt.%. The ACS showed that the onset critical temperature, Tc-onset, phase lock-in temperature, Tcj, and coupling peak temperature, TP, decreased when graphene was added to the samples. The susceptibility–temperature (χ′-T) and (χ″-T) curves of each sample, where χ′ and χ″ are the real and imaginary parts of the susceptibility, respectively, were obtained. The critical temperature of the pure sample was also measured.

M x Ni 1-x Fe 2 O 4 spinel ferrite (M = Mn, Zn, and x = 0, 0.05) has been successfully synthesized by co-precipitation technique with hydrazine hydrate reduction agent (instead of NaOH) and Ethylene glycol surfactant. The XRD spectra of the samples illustrated high crystallinity. The structural characterization of pure and doped fcc NiFe 2 O 4 were calculated by Scherrer, Modified Scherrer, Williamson–Hall, and SSP methods. In comparison of several methods, the Scherrer method is unreasonable method and W–H method has an acceptable range and can calculate both < L > and strain without restriction. The specific surface area in Zn-doped increased, demonstrate increment of adsorption properties in Ni ferrite structure. TEM images revealed the shape of grains is spherical, cubic, and irregular, with a grain size in the range of 35–65 nm. Hysteresis loops illustrated the magnetic behavior of samples. From the reflectance data, the band gap energies were estimated at 1.984, 1.954, and 1.973 eV for un-doped, Mn, and Zn-doped NiFe 2 O 4 respectively (red shift). The almost low value of Urbach energy for pure, Mn, and Zn -doped NiFe 2 O 4 indicates low structural disorder, which can approve the high crystallinity of samples. Direct band gap energy (E g ), refractive index, and extinction coefficient were estimated by the Kramers–Kronig method with linear optical evaluations. The E g by K-K method is in good agreement with the E g by Kubelka–Munk function.

In recent years, the application of nanoadditives in biofuels is gaining much attention due to their increase in thermophysical properties such as high surface area, thermal conductivity, and mass diffusivity. However, lack of stability, high additive cost, and difficult recovery from engine exhaust are the high-priority and demanding characteristics, which may be chosen by many researchers. In this regard, the most promising nanoadditives are magnetite nanoparticles, having a high-specific area, strong magnetic response, control over the particle size and, most importantly, easy and rapid separation from exhaust gas by applying external magnetic bars. Moreover, it can be easily diluted into biodiesel, and thus, it can collect the advantages of biodiesel in water emulsion. From the literature survey, it is found that there is a lacuna in the synthesis and performance of magnetite nanofuels for internal combustion engine applications. Thus, the present study aims to epitomize the research findings related to the synthesis, characterization, stability, and properties of biodiesel/diesel-based fuels blended with magnetite nanoparticles and the influence of the magnetite nanofuels on engine performance. The study shows that the addition of nanoparticles to biodiesel has positive effects in reducing harmful emissions such as carbon black, smoke opacity and NO X , with improved thermal efficiency and fuel consumption.

Wet-chemical co-precipitation was used to create Co 0.5 Mg x Cu 0.5−x Fe 2 O 4 nano-ferrites (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4). XRD, FT-IR, HRTEM, and EDX analyses were used to confirm each sample’s single-phase spinel cubic crystal structure. The crystallite size was calculated from the XRD data and determined to be between (11.1570 and 16.1457 nm), with a lattice constant between (8.359 to 8.387Å). The two absorption bands found in the FTIR data were utilized to show metal cation and oxygen bond stretching at tetrahedral and octahedral positions, as well as to calculate the elastic moduli. The elemental composition and structural behavior of every sample were examined using FE-SEM and EDS. The magnetic parameters were also estimated based on the VSM data, the contribution of magnetic anisotropy (K), and the magnetic interaction by Neel’s and Y-K-type magnetism modify as the Mg 2+ ion substitution increases, thus we must consider how this variation in cation distribution affects all of these factors. As per the ferromagnet theory, ions originating from the magnetic tetrahedral A and octahedral B sites engage in super-exchange interactions with one another. Anti-ferromagnetic alignment occurs as a result (M B -M A ). Magnetization occurs as a result.

In this research, the Co precipitation method was utilized to synthesize a nanocomposite of vanadium oxide (V 2 O 5 ) and graphene oxide (GO). Pure GO was synthesized by the modified hammers method. Using a 1:2 ratio of GO and V 2 O 5 and heating in the oven at 70 °C leading to the formation of V 2 O 5 /GO nanocomposite. By grafting of GO on V 2 O 5 surface, a high range of graphene oxidation in V 2 O 5 /GO allowed for better reduction with V 2 O 5 metal-oxide. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra provide evidence of the distinct phase of graphene oxide formation. The antioxidant activity of V 2 O 5 /GO nanocomposite was conducted in two vitro assays, focusing on neutralization of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and H 2 O 2 radicals. The uniqueness of the nanocomposite was evident from its concentration-dependent antioxidant activities. Interestingly, the V 2 O 5 /GO samples has showed 60% antioxidant performance in the H 2 O 2 assays compared to its constituent. Highlights Nanocomposite of V 2 O 5 /GO was synthesized by grafting of GO on V 2 O 5 surface. The oxidation of graphene within the V 2 O 5 /GO system facilitated improved reduction when combined with V 2 O 5 metal oxide. The distinctiveness of the nanocomposite became apparent through its antioxidant activities, which were dependent on its concentration. It is noteworthy that the V 2 O 5 /GO samples exhibited a 60% higher antioxidant performance in the H 2 O 2 tests compared to their individual components.

In this work, crystalline copper-zinc ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple co-precipitation method. Morphological characterization of produced samples was done using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A transmission electron microscope (TEM) was utilised for further identification and confirmation of the particle morphology and size. Moreover, Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to examine crystalline structure, chemical structure, and surface area respectively. Optical properties were examined by UV–Vis spectroscopy. The results indicate that the Zn 0.5 Cu 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles’ crystallite size was 28.5 nm. The experiments focused on the impact of various factors, such as pH levels, initial MB concentration, and nanocatalyst dosage, on the observed photocatalytic efficiency. The photocatalytic performance of Zn 0.5 Cu 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles under UV light was evaluated by decolorization of Methylene Blue (MB) azo dye. Photocatalysis degradation of 10 ppm of MB adding 15 mg of Zn 0.5 Cu 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles was 94% after 135 min at room temperature and pH value of 9. Further interpretation was carried out and a proposed mechanism for the MB photodegradation by Zn 0.5 Cu 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles was suggested.

Photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds using semiconductor oxide materials has attracted increased attention in the recent decades. Both the catalysts and light play an important role in the photocatalytic degradation process. This research work focuses on the synthesis of BaWO4/MoS2 composite using green chemical method and its use in the degradation of Eriochrome black-T dye. Synthesized BaWO4, and BaWO4/MoS2 composites were characterized by XRD, XPS, Raman, SEM, TEM, BET and UV-Vis characterizations techniques. BaWO4/MoS2 composite exhibits superior photocatalytic performance towards Eriochrome black-T degradation than BaWO4. Superior photocatalytic activity of BaWO4/MoS2 composite corresponds to enhanced light absorption, effective charge generation, separation, and minimum recombination of photogenerated charge carriers.