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Large-scale variation in wave attenuation of oyster reef living shorelines and the influence of inundation duration
One of the paramount goals of oyster reef living shorelines is to achieve sustained and adaptive coastal protection, which requires meeting ecological (i.e., develop a self-sustaining oyster population) and engineering (i.e., provide coastal defense) targets. In a large-scale comparison along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States, the efficacy of various designs of oyster reef living shorelines at providing wave attenuation was evaluated accounting for the ecological limitations of oysters with regard to inundation duration. A critical threshold for intertidal oyster reef establishment is 50% inundation duration. Living shorelines that spent less than one-half of the time (<50%) inundated were not considered suitable habitat for oysters, however, were effective at wave attenuation (68% reduction in wave height). Reefs that experienced >50% inundation were considered suitable habitat for oysters, but wave attenuation was similar to controls (no reef; ~5% reduction in wave height). Many of the oyster reef living shoreline approaches therefore failed to optimize the ecological and engineering goals. In both inundation regimes, wave transmission decreased with an increasing freeboard (difference between reef crest elevation and water level), supporting its importance in the wave attenuation capacity of oyster reef living shorelines. However, given that the reef crest elevation (and thus freeboard) should be determined by the inundation duration requirements of oysters, research needs to be refocused on understanding the implications of other reef parameters (e.g., width) for optimizing wave attenuation. A broader understanding of the reef characteristics and seascape contexts that result in effective coastal defense by oyster reefs is needed to inform appropriate design and implementation of oyster-based living shorelines globally.
Journal Article
Biodiversity of coasts
\"Discusses the variety of living things in the ecosystem of a coast\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Present day and future scenarios of coastal erosion and flooding processes along the Italian Adriatic coast: the case of Molise region
Coastal erosion and flooding are the main hazards affecting coastal areas, especially low-lying ones, which are particularly prone to damage by storm surges. Due to climate change and socio-economic development, the potential impacts of coastal hazards are globally increasing, and erosion and flooding processes will persist in the future especially when considering the future sea level rise projections. In this paper, we have applied an index-based methodology for the evaluation of the present-day susceptibility to erosion and flooding processes along an Italian Adriatic coastal stretch, the Molise coast. The susceptibility indexes that characterize the coastal system in terms of beach and dune system morphologies, shoreline evolution, wave climate effect, river features and coastal topography, have allowed for dividing the study coast into stretches according to their degree of erosion and flooding susceptibility. To identify the hotspot areas, i.e., the areas characterized by the highest potential coastal risk, susceptibility and socio-economic exposure indexes have been combined. The latter have been evaluated for coastal sectors of 1 km according to the CRAF 1 phase of the RISC-KIT index-method, based on indicators referring to land use categories, economic activities and social vulnerability. Taking in consideration the IPCC sea level projections, future hazard scenarios based on estimated global sea level rise by 2065 and 2100 have been evaluated by means of specific erosion and flooding models executed for the hotspot areas. These scenarios have shown that sea level rise will cause strong erosion of beach and dune systems along the study coast, exposing the economic activities and ecological assets to potential serious damage. The study highlights that correct predictions of future coastal hazard scenarios are essential for the assessment of the long term coastal risk and the definition of related prevention and mitigation measures.
Journal Article
Coastal habitats
Introduces coastal habitats, covering such topics as landforms, waves, currents, estuaries, coral reefs, plants and animals, and the threats posed by pollution, overfishing, and global warming.
Book
Coastal urbanities : mobilities, meanings, manoeuvrings
This volume explores how the city and the sea converse and converge in creating new forms of everyday urbanity in archipelagic and island Southeast Asia. As such, it rethinks the place of the sea in coastal cities through a mobility-inspired understanding of urbanity itself.
eBook
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) applications in coastal zone management—a review
Climate change and intense anthropogenic activities have heightened the vulnerability of coastal areas globally. The intensification in the dynamism and uncertainty of coastal processes and change in the past few decades have led researchers and coastal managers to explore new tools with the capability of undertaking a rapid assessment of coastal resources at a relatively lower cost compared with the conventional in situ data collection. The latest advances in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms and sensor technologies have made them useful environmental remote sensing tools due to the high temporal and spatial resolution and relatively inexpensive operating costs. This study reviews literature that explored UAV applications in five different areas of the coastal zone comprising the intertidal, coastal organisms and habitats, marine litter, coastal zone disaster management, and coastal zone land use and land cover mapping. The review provides evidence of the potentials and effectiveness of UAVs for coastal zone management (CZM). However, factors such as difficulty in imaging water, setting out ground control points (GCPs) for geolocation of images, and processing large volumes of data can pose a challenge to coastal managers. Extensive review shows the capabilities of current UAV technologies for monitoring and tracking changes in the coastal environment at high spatial and temporal resolution.
Journal Article
Land-Use Suitability Assessment Using Delphi and Analytical Hierarchy Process (D-AHP) Hybrid Model for Coastal City Management: Kuala Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia
Since at least half of the world’s population resides and works within coastal land, the coastal zone processes and resource management is of great economic and social importance. One of the fundamental issues for coastal city planners, researchers, managers, and engineers is the coastal city land-use suitability. Land-use suitability is the ability of a given type of land to support a defined use. Rapid urbanization and consequent haphazard growth of cities result in deterioration of infrastructure facilities, loss of agricultural land, water bodies, open spaces, and many micro-climatic changes. Hence, accurate data on coastal city hazards are essential and valuable tools for coastal planning and management, sustainable coastal development, coastal environment conservation, selection of a site for coastal city structures, and coastal resources. In this investigation, the Delphi and Analytical Hierarchy Process (D-AHP) Hybrid model and Geographic Information System (GIS) technique for Coastal Land-Use Assessment (CLUA) are mapped to detect the most suitable and unsuitable areas in the Kuala Terengganu coastal zone. Furthermore, this research offered information not only on the present urban land-use trend and established amenity status in Kuala Terengganu, but also on the suitability of land for the potential establishment of urban facilities for improved urban planning and appropriate decision-making. Using the D-AHP Hybrid model and GIS tool for coastal city management is broadly practical for government, policymakers, and planners to appropriately strategize and plan for the future of coastal cities in Malaysia and other analog coastal cities around the world.
Journal Article