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World chocolate demand is expected to more than double by 2050. Decisions about how to meet this challenge will have profound effects on tropical rainforests and wild species in cocoa-producing countries. Cocoa, \"the chocolate tree,\" is traditionally produced under a diverse and dense canopy of shade trees that provide habitat for a high diversity of organisms. The current trend to reduce or eliminate shade cover raises concerns about the potential loss of biodiversity. Nevertheless, few studies have assessed the ecological consequences and economic trade-offs under different management options in cocoa plantations. Here we describe the relationships between ant ecology (species richness, community composition, and abundance) and vegetation structure, ecosystem functions, and economic profitability under different land-use management systems in 17 traditional cocoa forest gardens in southern Cameroon. We calculated an index of profitability, based on the net annual income per hectare. We found significant differences associated with the different land-use management systems for species richness and abundance of ants and species richness and density of trees. Ant species richness was significantly higher in floristically and structurally diverse, low-intensity, old cocoa systems than in intensive young systems. Ant species richness was significantly related to tree species richness and density. We found no clear relationship between profitability and biodiversity. Nevertheless, we suggest that improving the income and livelihood of smallholder cocoa farmers will require economic incentives to discourage further intensification and ecologically detrimental loss of shade cover. Certification programs for shade-grown cocoa may provide socioeconomic incentives to slow intensification.

[...] DOL will announce a $2.5 million Global Evaluation and Monitoring (GEM) project grant to increase the knowledge base on the effectiveness of various strategies in preventing and eliminating exploitative child labor and to ensure that D OL-funded programs use a comprehensive monitoring and evaluation approach. In 2001, after working with the chocolate and cocoa industries, the two Congressional leaders created the \"Harkin-Engel Protocol\" to develop a framework for the cocoa industry to do away with the worst forms of child and slave labor in the growing and processing of cocoa beans and their derived products. [...] Ghana and the Ivory Coast have implemented certification programs and have publicly posted the results of their surveys.

With revenues of more than $7 billion, Hershey offers confectionery products under more than 80 brand names, including such iconic brands as Hershey's, Reese's, Hershey's Kisses, Hershey's Bliss, Hershey's Special Dark, Kit Kat, Twizzlers, Jolly Rancher and Ice Breakers.\\n

The major part of the increase is for the so-called fixed charges, not on the water consumption of each customer. [...]there's no real benefit for us to conserve our water use. Why single out those who were not involved in the original building of the system in 1929 to cover a larger portion of the cost to improve the system? \"Let those who have been customers since '29 get the break and let today's MDC customers share the cost fairly and equitably. Because the majority of today's MDC customers in member towns also benefit from the 1929 infrastructure, even though they had no part in financing the building of it.

The NCAA basketball tournament will be on big screens, there will be a free-throw contest and corn hole tournament, and a lunch buffet including barbecue pork sliders, corned beef sliders, hot wings, Irish stew and more will be served. Head to Red River Every Friday 4-10 p.m. through Good Friday, Red River Steakhouse in the Fort Wayne Marriott, 305 E. Washington Center Road, will serve all-you-can-eat New Castle beer-battered cod, clam chowder, hush puppies, French fries and cole slaw for $12.95.

Certified Corrections Managers - CCM Mack A. Bailey Jr., major/chief of security, Sussex II State Prison, Waverly, Va., Tammy Barbetta, institutional operations manager, Keen Mountain Correctional Center, Oakwood, Va., Amanda Elaine Mitchell Blount, offender discipline program manager, Virginia Department of Corrections, Richmond, Va., Orville L. Clayton, mental health program director, Brevard County Sheriff's Office, Brevard County Jail Complex, Cocoa, Fla., John Curzon, associate warden, San Quentin State Prison, San Quentin, Calif., Anton W. Daniel, unit manager, Haynesville Correctional Center, Haynesville, Va., Arlene S. DeSouza, correctional captain, Philadelphia Prison System, Philadelphia, Kimberly D. Fahrner, records manager, Dillwyn Correctional Center, Dillwyn, Va., Margie V. Hamlett-Holcomb, major-security training unit supervisor, Academy for Staff Development, Crozier, Va., Beverly Hill-Murray, supervisor, Compliance and Accreditation Unit, Richmond, Va., Rachael A. Jacobs, deputy director for prisoner management, Naval Consolidated Brig Chesapeake, U.S. Navy, Chesapeake, Va., Kavin E. James, senior training development coordinator, Academy for Staff Development, Crozier, Va., William Darden Jarratt, chief of security/lieutenant colonel, Greensville Correctional Center, Jarratt, Va., Kimberly A. Kelly, supervising offender rehabilitation coordinator, Albion Correctional Facility, Albion, N.Y., Jeanmarie Mangindin, deputy department head, Naval Consolidated Brig Miramar, U.S. Navy, San Diego, Reginald L. McCoy Jr., senior probation and parole officer, Probation and Parole District 2, Norfolk, Va., J.D. Oates III, unit manager, Sussex I State Prison, Waverly, Va., Martin T. Peek, unit manager, Naval Consolidated Brig Chesapeake, U.S. Navy, Chesapeake, Va., William R. Powell, major, Orange County Corrections, Orlando, Fla., Melissa M. Reynolds, senior probation and parole officer, Probation and Parole District 25, Warrenton, Va., Wanda Rollins, unit manager, Sussex II State Prison, Waverly, Va., Adrian V. Sprague, operations manager, Lunenburg Correctional Center, Victoria, Va., Karen Stapleton, operations manager, Fluvanna Correctional Center for Women, Troy, Va., Terry R. Sullivan, deputy chief probation and parole officer, Probation and Parole District 26, Culpeper, Va., John Weddle, senior probation and parole officer, Probation and Parole District 13, Lynchburg, Va., Barry V. White, captain, Orange County Corrections, Orlando, Fla.