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Painting in Latin America, 1550-1820
\"Surveys the diverse styles, subjects, and iconography of painting in Latin America between the 16th and 19th centuries. While European art forms were widely disseminated, copied, and adapted throughout Latin America, colonial painting is not a derivative extension of Europe. The ongoing debate over what to call it--mestizo, hybrid, Creole, Indo-Hispanic, tequitqui--testifies to a fundamental yet unresolved question of identity\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Empowering Words
Standing outside elite or even middling circles, outsiders who were marginalized by limitations on their freedom and their need to labor for a living had a unique grasp on the profoundly social nature of print and its power to influence public opinion. In Empowering Words, Karen A. Weyler explores how outsiders used ephemeral formats such as broadsides, pamphlets, and newspapers to publish poetry, captivity narratives, formal addresses, and other genres with wide appeal in early America. To gain access to print, outsiders collaborated with amanuenses and editors, inserted their stories into popular genres and cheap media, tapped into existing social and religious networks, and sought sponsors and patrons. They wrote individually, collaboratively, and even corporately, but writing for them was almost always an act of connection. Disparate levels of literacy did not necessarily entail subordination on the part of the lessliterate collaborator. Even the minimally literate and the illiterate understood the potential for print to be life changing, and outsiders shrewdly employed strategies to assert themselves within collaborative dynamics. Empowering Words covers an array of outsiders including artisans; the minimally literate; the poor, indentured, or enslaved; and racial minorities. By focusing not only on New England, the traditional stronghold of early American literacy, but also on southern towns such as Williamsburg and Charleston, Weyler limns a more expansive map of early American authorship.
eBook
The Cambridge companion to early American literature
\"Most communications are not written down. This is as true now, in a supposedly information-saturated age, as it was in early colonial America. The point stands even if we understand the Western notion of \"writing\" with a generously broad interpretation, as including all forms of inscribed human communication. Some of what was transmitted among people of the past, consequently, we have to leave to the void or to the imagination-the uncountable facial expressions; the furtive gestures; a thousand accents; the qualities of colors; the taste of a 1628 Madeira; the movements of an Inca khipucamayoc at work. For others, we have well-elaborated historical frameworks and methods of recovery. In the fields of art history and architecture, historical performance in music and dance, theatre history, material culture studies, and ethnobotany, for example, ways to read much of the uninscribed have been maintained and extended. And there are other domains in which the unwritten of the past has been vectored into the present, including Indigenous communities across the Americas, the church, women's communities, annual festivals from New Orleans to Rio de Janeiro, and scholarly institutions, with their many rituals and forms\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
From abandoned child to painter in Quito and Popayán
The testaments and codicil transcribed and analyzed in this section belong to the painter Pedro Tello, native of Quito and neighbor of Popayán. These documents were written in the mid-18th century and the early 19th century. The particular life of Pedro Tello made it possible to find him in these two localities and confirm that he is one of the many artists of the Latin American colonial period who have remained in oblivion, both in Ecuadorian and Colombian historiography. Despite of having been “exposed [abandoned] to the doors” of Juan Antonio Tello, Pedro had a good life, thanks to his craft as a painter, and he owned workshops and apprentices in both cities. He acquired enough assets to support his wife María Ventura de los Cobos, to buy a house in Popayán and to leave a legacy to his mother, Tomasa Rosales. Our interest is to show the variety of data obtained by crossing information from the payanese testaments and the Quito deeds. By doing so, Pedro’s life no longer appears divided by the current national boundaries and, as we find more documents that reinforce our knowledge of his itinerary, business, charity and knowledge, we acquire a complete picture of his career. This information is part of the documentary tracking that we carried out on artists and craft workers during the 17th and 18th centuries in the southwest of the New Kingdom of Granada and the Royal Audience of Quito.
Journal Article
Silk Industry and Women’s Labor at the End of the 18th Century in New Spain: María Gertrudis Gutiérrez Estrada
The aim of this work is to delve into the history of Mexico’s colonial silk industry and of its workers in order to demonstrate, from a microsocial analysis, the existence of long-standing gender-exclusion processes and of integration mechanisms, displayed in the framework of institutional modernization, that were implied by the Bourbon Reforms on both sides of the Atlantic. To this end, an analysis of the bibliography on the subject has been made. The viceroyalty policies created to revive the industry have been briefly reconstructed and it has been possible, within this contextualization, to understand the circumstances in which the process was carried out. Multiple sources from the General Archives of the Nation of Mexico have been used to look into an episode of the social history of New Spain. In the course of the research, it has been found that women in the silk industry were not limited to spinning mills, and that they could have greater aspirations. Gertrudis Gutiérrez Estrada’s opposition to the silk spinning guild of Mexico City in 1795, and her triumph in the dispute, showed a circumvention of the restrictions imposed within the silk industry to a particular sex and the implementation of resistance mechanisms that were institutionally —by the Bourbon legislation— and socially —by her family— constructed. It was a paradigmatic case that served to modify, in 1806, all the guild ordinances of the time and it is, at the same time, one of many examples that must be traced in the archives in order to rethink the role of women in the colonial industry.
Journal Article
Rewriting early America : the prenational past in postmodern literature
\"Rewriting Early America argues the need for a subtler understanding of how post-1945 literary figures represent America's prenational past. Rather than focusing only on how literary representations of the national origins advance political critiques, this book also recognizes the recuperative visions founds in many recent novels and poems\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Artists and Artisans in Hispano-American Pre-Industrial Societies, 16th - 18th Centuries
Presentation made by the editor-director an the guest editors for issue 35. This article deals with the relations between craftwork, material culture and religious devotion in the Nuevo Reino de Granada; explains and defines the role that met the craftsmen at religious festivals and the elaboration of ephemeral art objects for civil parties. His dedication to his work as a “work of God” and the condition of cultural mediators allowed to perform different activities and build economic independence and commercial networks. Carpenters, tailors, silversmiths, blacksmiths, masons and barbers were indigenous shaping, since the second half of the seventeenth century, as a “middle class” with economic power and independence of the hegemonic social groups. The cofradía and the workshop would be the most effective way to build a subculture within the Hispanic world.
Journal Article
Unfriendly to Liberty
In Unfriendly to
Liberty , Christopher F. Minty explores the
origins of loyalism in New York City between 1768 and 1776, and
revises our understanding of the coming of the American
Revolution.
Through detailed analyses of those who became loyalists, Minty
argues that would-be loyalists came together long before Lexington
and Concord to form an organized, politically motivated, and
inclusive political group that was centered around the DeLancey
faction. Following the DeLanceys' election to the New York Assembly
in 1768, these men, elite and nonelite, championed an inclusive
political economy that advanced the public good, and they strongly
protested Parliament's reorientation of the British Empire.
For New York loyalists, it was local politics, factions,
institutions, and behaviors that governed their political
activities in the build up to the American Revolution. By focusing
on political culture, organization, and patterns of allegiance,
Unfriendly to Liberty shows how the contending allegiances
of loyalists and patriots were all but locked in place by 1775 when
British troops marched out of Boston to seize caches of weapons in
neighboring villages.
Indeed, local political alignments that were formed in the
imperial crises of the 1760s and 1770s provided a critical platform
for the divide between loyalists and patriots in New York City.
Political and social disputes coming out of the Seven Years' War,
more than republican radicalization in the 1770s, forged the united
force that would make New York City a center of loyalism throughout
the American Revolution.
eBook