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In air combat missions, unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs) must take strategic actions to establish combat advantages, enabling effective tracking and attacking of enemy UCAVs. Currently, a lot of reinforcement learning algorithms are applied to the air combat mission of unmanned fighter aircraft. However, most algorithms can only select policies based on the current state of both sides. This leads to the inability to effectively track and attack when the enemy performs large angle maneuvering. Additionally, these algorithms cannot adapt to different situations, resulting in the unmanned fighter aircraft being at a disadvantage in some cases. To solve these problems, this paper proposes predictive air combat decision model with segmented reward allocation for air combat tracking and attacking. On the basis of the air combat environment, we propose the prediction soft actor-critic (Pre-SAC) algorithm, which combines the prediction of enemy states with the states of UCAV for model training. This enables the UCAV to predict the next move of the enemy UCAV in advance and establish a greater air combat advantage for us. Furthermore, by adopting a segmented reward allocation model and combining it with the Pre-SAC algorithm, we propose the segmented reward allocation soft actor-critic (Sra-SAC) algorithm, which solves the problem of UCAVs being unable to adapt to different situations. The results show that the prediction-based segmented reward allocation the Sra-SAC algorithm outperforms the traditional soft actor-critic (SAC) algorithm in terms of overall reward, travel distance, and relative advantage.

Objectives. With the start of the Russian-Ukrainian war, the Ukrainian military personnel is experiencing combat stress. Manifestations of acute stress reactions and post-traumatic stress symptoms require psychological assistance and recovery of the soldiers' personal resources. This study aims to develop a psychological recovery program \"Invincibility Program\" for Ukrainian military personnel after performing combat missions to relieve the effects of chronic combat stress and to evaluate its effectiveness. Sample and settings. 1090 Ukrainian military personnel took part in the study, which had combat experience after February 24, 2022. Hypothesis. The psychological recovery program will help to reduce the effects of combat stress on military personnel. Statistical analyses. The statistical analysis of the study results was carried out using the program SPSS 20.0. Results. The activities of the program led to an improvement in the mental state and positively significant changes in the well-being of the participants, the mobilization of psychological resources, and an increase in the resistance of soldiers to combat stress. A high level of subjective usefulness of the program was revealed. Limitations. This study was limited by not having an active comparison condition and by not having a longitudinal follow-up.

Based on uncertainty theory, this paper studies the problem of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) combat mission assignment under an uncertain environment. First, considering both the target value, which is the combat mission benefit gained from attacking the target, and the unit fuel consumption of UAV as uncertain variables, an uncertain UAV combat mission assignment model is established. And according to decisions under the realization of uncertain variables, the first stage generates an initial mission allocation scheme corresponding to the realization of target value, while the second stage dynamically adjusts the scheme according to the realization of unit fuel consumption; a two-stage uncertain UAV combat mission assignment (TUCMA) model is obtained. Then, because of the difficulty of obtaining analytical solutions due to uncertainty and the complexity of solving the second stage, the TUCMA model is transformed into an expected value-effective deterministic model of the two-stage uncertain UAV combat mission assignment (ETUCMA). A modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is designed to solve the ETUCMA model to get the expected value-effective solution of the TUCMA model. Finally, experimental simulations of multiple UAV combat task allocation scenarios demonstrate that the proposed modified PSO algorithm yields an optimal decision with maximum combat mission benefits under a maximum iteration limit, which are significantly greater benefits than those for the mission assignment achieved by the original PSO algorithm. The proposed modified PSO exhibits superior performance compared with the ant colony optimization algorithm, enabling the acquisition of an optimal allocation scheme with greater benefits. This verifies the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed model and algorithm in maximizing combat mission benefits.

Background. Although instructor participation is generally thought to improve the effectiveness of simulation-based training, trainees may have time and opportunity to practice skills in simulation when an instructor is not available . Aim. The question of whether complex psychomotor skills , such as air combat maneuvering, can be acquired and improved entirely without instructor assistance through self-study and simulation -based practice is investigated. Method. The results of an extended sequence of simulated air combat missions flown by a single experimental subject are reported and analyzed. Over a period of eight calendar years the subject flew 2,950 simulated air combat missions organized into 138 campaigns using seven different aircraft types. Throughout the period the subject studied air combat maneuvering in a self-guided , self-study mode and consciously used maneuvers and tactics learned during that study with the intent of improving his performance . However, determining whether the subject's skills were actually improving over time was confounded by the fact that between some campaigns the subject changed the aircraft type he was flying as well as the aircraft types flown by the opposition, making direct campaign-to-campaign performance comparisons problematic . Consequently, a type-independent measure of performance was developed to normalize for the different aircraft types and allow direct comparison of performance across different aircraft types flown and opposed. Results. Two different nonparametric statistical tests were applied to the normalized performance measure across all campaigns . A third nonparametric statistical method was applied to victories within each aircraft type . All three showed st atistically significant improvement in the subject's skills over time despite the complete absence of instructor assistance. Conclusions. Although this case study must be considered anecdotal because it involves only a single experimental subject, it does provide an existence proof that self-guided self-study and simulation -based practice without an instructor can produce improvement in complex psychomotor skills in some learners. In addition, the analytical methods used to normalize for different aircraft types and test for improvement may be useful in similar situations where performance must be compared across time -varying circumstances.

Breaking Ranks brings a new and deeply personal perspective to the war in Iraq by looking into the lives of six veterans who turned against the war they helped to fight. Based on extensive interviews with each of the six, the book relates why they enlisted, their experiences in training and in early missions, their tours of combat, and what has happened to them since returning home. The compelling stories of this diverse cross section of the military recount how each journey to Iraq began with the sincere desire to do good. Matthew Gutmann and Catherine Anne Lutz show how each individual's experiences led to new moral and political understandings and ultimately to opposing the war.

Combat missions of both a single multi-role aircraft and a group of aircraft. Scenarios of air operations. Probabilistic models of air-to-air and air-to-surface operations (AAO and ASO, respectively). Probability that air combat missions of the AA and AS types prove successful. Misje bojowe pojedynczego samolotu wielozadaniowego i grupy samolotów. Scenariusze operacji powietrznych. Probabilistyczny model operacji powietrznej typu powietrze-powietrze (p-p) i powietrze-ziemia (p-z). Prawdopodobieństwo sukcesu lotniczej misji bojowej typu p-p i p-z.

Combat missions of both a single multi-role aircraft and a group of aircraft. Compatibility and readiness - properties determining accomplishment of an air operation. Scenarios of air operations. Models of air-to-air and air-to-surface operations (AAO and ASO, respectively). Computer modelling of air missions. Misje bojowe pojedynczego samolotu wielozadaniowego i grupy samolotów. Odpowiedniość i gotowość - własności determinujące wykonanie operacji powietrznej. Scenariusze operacji powietrznych. Modele misji lotniczych typu powietrze-powietrze (p-p) i powietrze-ziemia (p-z). Modelowanie komputerowe misji lotniczych.

Combat missions of both a single multi-role manned aircraft (MMRA) and a group of aircraft. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and operations thereof. Airspace for combat missions. Issues of UAV control. Scenarios of air operations with MMRA and UAVs engaged. The risk of collision in the airspace. Probability that flight routes overlap and hence, the risk of collision. Misje bojowe pojedynczego załogowego samolotu wielozadaniowego (ZSW) i grupy samolotów. Bezzałogowe statki powietrzne (BSP) i ich misje operacyjne. Przestrzeń działań bojowych. Problemy sterowania BSP. Scenariusze operacji powietrznych z udziałem ZSW i BSP. Ryzyko kolizji w przestrzeni powietrznej. Prawdopodobieństwo nakładania się tras lotu i ryzyko kolizji.

Wartime Kissis a personal meditation on the haunting power of American photographs and films from World War II and the later 1940s. Starting with a stunning reinterpretation of one of the most famous photos of all time, Alfred Eisenstaedt's image of a sailor kissing a nurse in Times Square on V-J Day, Alexander Nemerov goes on to examine an array of mostly forgotten images and movie episodes--from a photo of Jimmy Stewart and Olivia de Havilland lying on a picnic blanket in the Santa Barbara hills to scenes from such films asTwelve O'Clock HighandHold Back the Dawn. Erotically charged and bearing traces of trauma even when they seem far removed from the war, these photos and scenes seem to hold out the promise of a palpable and emotional connection to those years. Through a series of fascinating stories, Nemerov reveals the surprising background of these bits of film and discovers unexpected connections between the war and Hollywood, from an obsession with aviation to Anne Frank's love of the movies. Beautifully written and illustrated,Wartime Kissvividly evokes a world in which Margaret Bourke-White could follow a heroic assignment photographing a B-17 bombing mission over Tunis with a job in Hollywood documenting the filming of a war movie. Ultimately this is a book about history as a sensuous experience, a work as mysterious, indescribable, and affecting as a novel by W. G. Sebald.

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