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Although a wide array of stochastic dominance tests exist for poverty measurement and identification, they assume the income distributions have independent poverty lines or a common absolute (fixed) poverty line. We propose a stochastic dominance test for comparing income distributions up to a common relative poverty line (i.e., some fraction of the pooled median). A Monte Carlo study demonstrates its superior performance over existing methods in terms of power. The test is then applied to some Canadian household survey data for illustration.

Conflict and political instability have weakened Guinea-Bissau's productive infrastructure considerably during the past three decades. This situation contributes to an increase in the degree of vulnerability of the population, especially in rural areas where most economic activities continue to take place. As growth has been weak, poverty levels remain high. This book provides a collection of papers on conflict, livelihoods, and poverty in Guinea-Bissau based on both the nationally representative 2002 household survey and a small scale survey with both quantitative and qualitative components implemented in 2004. The chapters deal with growth and poverty, institutions and social networks, the determinants of poverty, the means of livelihoods of the population, and finally cashew production and taxation.

Unlocking Caribbean Trade Potential: Policy Options for Growth and Poverty Reduction Is the Caribbean ready to thrive in the global market? This World Bank Country Study offers a comprehensive analysis of trade and integration challenges and opportunities in the Caribbean, providing policy options for sustained growth, job creation, and poverty reduction. Explore strategies for: * Accelerating trade integration and improving competitiveness * Addressing macroeconomic and structural constraints * Leveraging the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) * Capitalizing on a changing international environment For policymakers, economists, and development practitioners seeking actionable insights to shape a more prosperous Caribbean future.

Examined are the impacts of economic & social reforms on poverty levels in Russia, 1989-1993. Data obtained from the Soviet Consumer Budget Survey (1989) of 49,000 households were compared with a 1989 panel study from the town of Taganrog; The 1992/93 Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, conducted in 8 regions of the Federation, was also used. Though results of the Monitoring Survey concurred with those of the Taganrog sample, the Consumer Survey suggested an underrepresentation of those segments of society most affected by poverty. 12 Tables, 1 Appendix. S. Jameson

Trade reform in Latin America in the 1980s and 1990s was in significant part a reform of policy-making institutions. The institutions that existed when the reforms began had been created in response to particular protectionist pressures at particular times, and afterward they were controlled by the interests on whose behalf they had been created. This book was prompted by preliminary evidence suggesting that the reforms have been better sustained in Peru than in Argentina. Peru has continued its liberalization whereas Argentina has imposed a number of new trade restrictions. Moreover, decisions on many of Argentina's restrictions have not gone through the new mechanisms. The objective of this book is to draw lessons from Peruvian and Argentine experience that will be useful to governments that want to maintain an open trade regime. From a positive perspective, the authors want to identify what the Peruvian government has done that has kept its liberalization moving forward. The Peru study focuses on how reform leaders in that country have reinforced the evolution of a new management culture and how they have disseminated widely in Peruvian society a positive vision of Peru in the international economy.

Chiapas, the poorest region in Mexico, is being fleeced by the government in the form of tribute such as petroleum, electricity and crops. Chiapas contribute 55% of the hydroelectrical energy of the country, and forests in their region are cut indiscriminately, but the government has made no attempt to improve Chiapas' economy.