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Potential factors that influence usage of complementary and alternative medicine worldwide: a systematic review
Objectives
To determine similarities and differences in the reasons for using or not using complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) amongst general and condition-specific populations, and amongst populations in each region of the globe.
Methods
A literature search was performed on Pubmed, ScienceDirect and EMBASE. Keywords: ‘herbal medicine’ OR ‘herbal and dietary supplement’ OR ‘complementary and alternative medicine’ AND ‘reason’ OR ‘attitude’. Quantitative or qualitative original articles in English, published between 2003 and 2018 were reviewed. Conference proceedings, pilot studies, protocols, letters, and reviews were excluded. Papers were appraised using valid tools and a ‘risk of bias’ assessment was also performed. Thematic analysis was conducted. Reasons were coded in each paper, then codes were grouped into categories. If several categories reported similar reasons, these were combined into a theme. Themes were then analysed using χ
2
tests to identify the main factors related to reasons for CAM usage.
Results
231 publications were included. Reasons for CAM use amongst general and condition-specific populations were similar. The top three reasons for CAM use were: (1) having an expectation of benefits of CAM (84% of publications), (2) dissatisfaction with conventional medicine (37%) and (3) the perceived safety of CAM (37%). Internal health locus of control as an influencing factor was more likely to be reported in Western populations, whereas the social networks was a common factor amongst Asian populations (
p
< 0.05). Affordability, easy access to CAM and tradition were significant factors amongst African populations (
p
< 0.05). Negative attitudes towards CAM and satisfaction with conventional medicine (CM) were the main reasons for non-use (
p
< 0.05).
Conclusions
Dissatisfaction with CM and positive attitudes toward CAM, motivate people to use CAM. In contrast, satisfaction with CM and negative attitudes towards CAM are the main reasons for non-use.
Journal Article
Operational definition of complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine derived from a systematic search
Background
Identifying what therapies constitute complementary, alternative, and/or integrative medicine (CAIM) is complex for a multitude of reasons. An operational definition is dynamic, and changes based on both historical time period and geographical location whereby many jurisdictions may integrate or consider their traditional system(s) of medicine as conventional care. To date, only one operational definition of “complementary and alternative medicine” has been proposed, by Cochrane researchers in 2011. This definition is not only over a decade old but also did not use systematic methods to compile the therapies. Furthermore, it did not capture the concept “integrative medicine”, which is an increasingly popular aspect of the use of complementary therapies in practice. An updated operational definition reflective of CAIM is warranted given the rapidly increasing body of CAIM research literature published each year.
Methods
Four peer-reviewed or otherwise quality-assessed information resource types were used to inform the development of the operational definition: peer-reviewed articles resulting from searches across seven academic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science); the “aims and scope” webpages of peer-reviewed CAIM journals; CAIM entries found in online encyclopedias, and highly-ranked websites identified through searches of CAIM-related terms on HONcode. Screening of eligible resources, and data extraction of CAIM therapies across them, were each conducted independently and in duplicate. CAIM therapies across eligible sources were deduplicated.
Results
A total of 101 eligible resources were identified: peer-reviewed articles (
n
= 19), journal “aims and scope” webpages (
n
= 22), encyclopedia entries (
n
= 11), and HONcode-searched websites (
n
= 49). Six hundred four unique CAIM terms were included in this operational definition.
Conclusions
This updated operational definition is the first to be informed by systematic methods, and could support the harmonization of CAIM-related research through the provision of a standard of classification, as well as support improved collaboration between different research groups.
Journal Article
Therapy of social medicine
\"This book introduces novel and groundbreaking theories on social medicine, social medicine therapy and pharmaco-gelotology. Aimed at improving the global health care system in terms of cost-effectiveness and efficiency, the research included in this book represents a paradigm shift from traditional drugs to social medicine. Tracing the history of social medicine, from Natural Healing Power (NHP), Oriental Medicine's vitalism, to Homeostasis (Natural Healing Strength) and Reciprocity (Social Healing Strength), the book first focuses on laying the theoretical foundations. It then highlights how social medicine can be specialized into various social medicine therapies (i.e., aromatherapy, stone therapy, diet therapy, exercise therapy, light therapy, etc.), just like stem cells. This is followed by arguments that 21st century pharmacy should be a harmonious system where the replacement of traditional drug products (i.e., herbal, chemical, and biological products) with new social medicine takes precedence. To that end, the author focuses on the '4+2 system' with 4 representing diet, body, stress, and facial-image control, and 2 representing the complementary and alternative medical methods of evacuation(-) and filling(+). In the context of pharmaco-gelotology, the book then goes on to present findings on theories of laughter and laughter therapy practices, which are systematically examined and described in detail. Finally, it calls for the development of social medicine structures by governments that aim to help local authorities use their resources effectively, and for local governments to establish the long-term planning on social medicine therapy for healthy ageing.\" -- Back cover.
Book
Health information-seeking behavior among users of traditional, complementary and integrative medicine (TCIM)
Background
The use of traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine (TCIM) is widespread among the German population and driven by various motives, including both supplementing and avoiding treatments with conventional medicine. The aim of this article is to examine how these motives relate to different health information-seeking behaviors.
Methods
The study uses regression analysis based on data from a German online access panel, which explored the use and acceptance of TCIM in Germany in 2022. From this study, we use information on 1,696 individuals (aged 18–75 years) who vary in their motives for using TCIM (subjective statements on five-point Likert scales) and have used TCIM to treat health problems.
Results
Overall, TCIM is considered more a health-promoting measure than it is driven by aversion towards conventional medicine. Our analysis of information-seeking behavior for certain therapeutic procedures reveals that, as respondents’ propensity to use TCIM as a health-promoting measure rises, they are more likely to perceive themselves as being influenced by scientific studies (AME: 0.04,
p
= 0.004), personal advice (AME: 0.09,
p
= 0.000), and their social circle’s experiences (AME: 0.08,
p
= 0.000). In contrast, respondents who use TCIM more due to aversion to conventional medicine are less likely to perceive themselves as being influenced by scientific studies (AME: -0.04,
p
= 0.004) and doctors (AME: -0.07,
p
= 0.000). When analyzing respondents’ most important medical information source, our results reveal that the more individuals indicate using TCIM out of aversion, the more likely they are to consider (online) media outlets their most important medical resource (AME: 0.05,
p
= 0.000), while the likelihood of considering medical professionals most important decreases (AME -0.06,
p
= 0.000).
Conclusion
Motives behind TCIM use vary and correspond to differences in individuals’ health information-seeking behavior. Beyond these motive-related differences, TCIM users value sources of health information other than their medical practitioners. This calls for an intensification of TCIM training among medical professionals to provide high-quality consultation and the creation of reputable online portals to ensure the provision of trustworthy information about TCIM.
Journal Article
Complementary, alternative, and integrative health : a multicultural perspective
\"A cross-cultural scientific examination of common complementary, alternative, and integrative health practices Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Health: A Multicultural Perspective provides a critical analysis of non-allopathic healing practices, including their uses, limitations, and scientific basis. The evidence-based discussion explores complementary, alternative, and integrative health (CAIH) across various cultural and ethnic groups both in the U.S. and internationally, to give you a greater understanding of the different modalities--including a literature-backed examination of proven methods and questionable practices within a cross-cultural framework. Each chapter highlights the scientific analysis of the practices relevant to each group, and guides you toward independent analysis of the risks and benefits of the practices discussed. Emphasizing the student as a future health professional, this book includes case studies, examples, questions, and discussion problems that underscore the role of health educators in educating consumers about CAIH practices. . This book provides a solid background in CAIH for the health professional, through rigorous scientific investigation and a multicultural perspective and. helps medical professionals understand the risks, benefits, and evidence behind these practices so they can provide the best in patient care. Readers will: Understand the concepts underlying complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine Compare the use of alternative healing among various cultural and ethnic groups Delve into the scientific bases of the most commonly-used modalities Explore CAIH within the context of the Affordable Care Act\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Mechanism of Dayuanyin in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 based on network pharmacology and molecular docking
Background
At present, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is spreading all over the world, with disastrous consequences for people of all countries. The traditional Chinese medicine prescription Dayuanyin (DYY), a classic prescription for the treatment of plague, has shown significant effects in the treatment of COVID-19. However, its specific mechanism of action has not yet been clarified. This study aims to explore the mechanism of action of DYY in the treatment of COVID-19 with the hope of providing a theoretical basis for its clinical application.
Methods
First, the TCMSP database was searched to screen the active ingredients and corresponding target genes of the DYY prescription and to further identify the core compounds in the active ingredient. Simultaneously, the Genecards database was searched to identify targets related to COVID-19. Then, the STRING database was applied to analyse protein–protein interaction, and Cytoscape software was used to draw a network diagram. The R language and DAVID database were used to analyse GO biological processes and KEGG pathway enrichment. Second, AutoDock Vina and other software were used for molecular docking of core targets and core compounds. Finally, before and after application of DYY, the core target gene IL6 of COVID-19 patients was detected by ELISA to validate the clinical effects.
Results
First, 174 compounds, 7053 target genes of DYY and 251 genes related to COVID-19 were selected, among which there were 45 target genes of DYY associated with treatment of COVID-19. This study demonstrated that the use of DYY in the treatment of COVID-19 involved a variety of biological processes, and DYY acted on key targets such as IL6, ILIB, and CCL2 through signaling pathways such as the IL-17 signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, and cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction. DYY might play a vital role in treating COVID-19 by suppressing the inflammatory storm and regulating immune function. Second, the molecular docking results showed that there was a certain affinity between the core compounds (kaempferol, quercetin, 7-Methoxy-2-methyl isoflavone, naringenin, formononetin) and core target genes (IL6, IL1B, CCL2). Finally, clinical studies showed that the level of IL6 was elevated in COVID-19 patients, and DYY can reduce its levels.
Conclusions
DYY may treat COVID-19 through multiple targets, multiple channels, and multiple pathways and is worthy of clinical application and promotion.
Journal Article