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Herein we report a comprehensive laboratory synthesis of a series of energetic azidonitrate derivatives (ANDP, SMX, AMDNNM, NIBTN, NPN, 2-nitro-1,3-dinitro-oxypropane) starting from the readily available nitroisobutylglycerol. This simple protocol allows obtaining the high-energy additives from the available precursor in yields higher than those reported using safe and simple operations not presented in previous works. A detailed characterization of the physical, chemical, and energetic properties including impact sensitivity and thermal behavior of these species was performed for the systematic evaluation and comparison of the corresponding class of energetic compounds.

Matrix effects are a recent remarkable feature in quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis. In this work, the matrix effects of a multiclass mixture of 46 analytes - pesticides, pharmaceuticals and perfluoroalkylsubstances in different types of natural groundwater were studied. Groundwater samples were spiked with different standards from different chemical groups and determined by direct injection and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Matrix effects were assessed by matrix factors calculated using the slope ratio technique. Groundwater samples were sampled in different boreholes in several places in Slovakia. The relationship with the various detected inorganic parameters was investigated and discussed. Most of the studied analytes showed negative matrix effects. Some analytes showed weak negative or positive matrix effects. The results show that average matrix factors obtained from different sampling sites are not a reliable tool and matrix effects need to be monitored depending on the sampling location. Only weak or no correlation of the matrix factors with the determined inorganic parameters was found. Geochemical composition of boreholes samples was determined and the differences in the macrochemical composition of the samples was evaluated. Model samples of ultrapure water enriched with NaCl, Na2CO3 and NaNO3 at various concentration levels were tested and the matrix effects were not observed. Other content of sample than cations Na+ were responsible for the matrix effects. It was found that the most affected compounds are sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, metamitron, chloridazon and also caffeine. The results show that the detailed study is suitable as a tool for a deeper understanding of matrix effects in different types of groundwater. The proper ground water sample must be selected for reliable results of quantitative analysis.

Background Cancer is mostly a disease of aging, and older patients with cancer are generally frailer. This study aimed to describe the characteristics and in‐hospital outcomes and explore factors associated with duration, cost, and mortality during first hospitalization, in older patients with cancer admitted to a top‐ranked hospital in China. Methods Data on patients with solid cancer ≥65 years consecutively hospitalized in 2016–2020 were retrieved from the electronic medical records of Ruijin Hospital in Shanghai, China. Baseline characteristics, duration, cost, and mortality during hospitalization were described. Factors associated with duration, cost, and mortality during first hospitalization were explored using multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression. Results 20,650 eligible patients with male proportion of 59% and median age of 70 years were analyzed. 45% of the patients underwent resection in our hospital. Upon first admission, 49% of patients had hypertension, 19% diabetes, 22% weight loss, and 28% risks of malnutrition. The median duration and cost of first hospitalization were 9 days and 32,000 RMB, respectively. 118 (0.6%) and 228 (1.1%) deaths occurred during first and any hospitalization, respectively. For first hospitalization, longer duration and higher cost were positively associated with older ages, male gender, emergency admission, certain tumor locations and histology, histories of diabetes, cirrhosis, and anticoagulant intake, higher body mass index, weight loss, reduced food intake, risk of falling, and worse self‐care ability; in‐hospital mortality was positively associated with age ≥85 years, emergency admission, certain cancer types, histories of hypertension and psychotropic intake, reduced food intake, and worse self‐care ability. Conclusions This study identified certain baseline patient and tumor characteristics, medical and medication histories, changes of weight and food intake, diet, and self‐care ability which were independently associated with in‐hospital outcomes among older patients with cancer admitted to our hospital and which should be paid special attention to. While the factors might not be easily modifiable, our study can help identify patients at higher risks of inferior in‐hospital outcomes. This real‐world study identified certain baseline patient and tumor characteristics, medical and medication histories, changes of weight and food intake, diet, and self‐care ability which were independently associated with in‐hospital outcomes among 20,650 older patients (≥65 years) with cancer admitted to a top‐ranked hospital in China during 2016‐2020, and which should be paid special attention to. Our study can help to identify patients at higher risks of inferior in‐hospital outcomes.

Well water could be a stable source of drinking water. Recently, the use of well water as drinking water has been encouraged in developing countries. However, many kinds of disorders caused by toxic elements in well drinking water have been reported. It is our urgent task to resolve the global issue of element-originating diseases. In this review article, our multidisciplinary approaches focusing on oncogenic toxicities and disturbances of sensory organs (skin and ear) induced by arsenic and barium are introduced. First, our environmental monitoring in developing countries in Asia showed elevated concentrations of arsenic and barium in well drinking water. Then our experimental studies in mice and our epidemiological studies in humans showed arsenic-mediated increased risks of hyperpigmented skin and hearing loss with partial elucidation of their mechanisms. Our experimental studies using cultured cells with focus on the expression and activity levels of intracellular signal transduction molecules such as c-SRC, c-RET, and oncogenic RET showed risks for malignant transformation and/or progression arose from arsenic and barium. Finally, our original hydrotalcite-like compound was proposed as a novel remediation system to effectively remove arsenic and barium from well drinking water. Hopefully, comprehensive studies consisting of (1) environmental monitoring, (2) health risk assessments, and (3) remediation will be expanded in the field of environmental health to prevent various disorders caused by environmental factors including toxic elements in drinking water.

Spiking neural networks (SNN) represents the third generation of neural network models, it differs significantly from the early neural network generation. The time is becoming the most important input. The presence and precise timing of spikes encapsulate have a meaning such as human brain behavior. However, deferent techniques are therefore required to submit a stimulus to the neural network to build the timing spike. The characteristics of these spikes are based on their firing time because of the stereotypical nature of the human brain. Neural networks (NN) as engineering tools Operate on analog quantities (analog input, analog output), SNN More powerful than classic NN Interesting to implement in hardware. But the Problem that is internally work with spike trains unequal analog signal, so this algorithm design to firstly convert analog function into spike trains which calling encoding (E) then Convert spike trains into analog function: which calling decoding (D), so to use spiking NN as engineering tool: communication problem must be solved using some international encoding algorithms. This paper discusses techniques of transforming data into a suitable form for SNN submission. We present a comparative study on SNN encoding schema that effect on SNN performance in hardware and software implementation, however, this is the first comprehensive study to discuss encoding algorithms in SNNs in details, which involved the advantages, disadvantages and when and where we can use and implements the encoding algorithms, with focusing on some examples implement SNN in cloud computing generally, and which algorithms still unused in the world of cloud computing to make the door open for new researcher.

Endogenous chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) effects of protons resonating near to water protons are always diluted by competing effects such as direct water saturation and semi-solid magnetization transfer (MT). This leads to unwanted T2 and MT signal contributions that contaminate the observed CEST signal. Furthermore, all CEST effects appear to be scaled by the T1 relaxation time of the mediating water pool. As MT, T1 and T2 are also altered in tumor regions, a recently published correction algorithm yielding the apparent exchange-dependent relaxation AREX, is used to evaluate in vivo CEST effects. This study focuses on CEST effects of amides (3.5ppm) and Nuclear-Overhauser-mediated saturation transfer (NOE, −3.5ppm) that can be properly isolated at 7T. These were obtained in 10 glioblastoma patients, and this is the first comprehensive study where AREX is applied in human brain as well as in human glioblastoma. The correction of CEST effects alters the contrast significantly: after correction, the CEST effect of amides does not show significant contrast between contrast enhancing tumor regions and normal tissue, whereas NOE drops significantly in the tumor area. In addition, new features in the AREX contrasts are visible. This suggests that previous CEST approaches might not have shown pure CEST effects, but rather water relaxation shine-through effects. Our insights help to improve understanding of the CEST effect changes in tumors and correlations on a cellular and molecular level. •Comprehensive CEST study of 10 glioblastoma patients•Comparison of CEST with MTC, T1, T1-ce, ADC•Amide-CEST contrast decreases after relaxation-compensation.•NOE-CEST contrast increases after relaxation-compensation.•Features of AREX contrast potentially depict tumor infiltration.

A unique Israeli national culture-indeed, the very nature of \"Israeliness\"-remains a matter of debate, a struggle to blend vying memories and backgrounds, ideologies and wills. Identifying popular music as an important site in this wider cultural endeavor, this book focuses on the three major popular music cultures that are proving instrumental in attempts to invent Israeliness: the invented folk song repertoire known as Shirei Eretz Israel; the contemporary, global-cosmopolitan Israeli rock; and the ethnic-oriental musica mizrahit. The result is the first ever comprehensive study of popular music in Israel. Motti Regev, a sociologist, and Edwin Seroussi, an ethnomusicologist, approach their subject from alternative perspectives, producing a truly interdisciplinary, sociocultural account of music as a feature and a force in the shaping of Israeliness. A major ethnographic undertaking, describing and analyzing the particular history, characteristics, and practices of each music culture,Popular Music and National Culture in Israelmaps not only the complex field of Israeli popular music but also Israeli culture in general.

Production data of coalbed methane have shown that coalbed may be wet for a long time after the completion of water flow and water–gas two-phase flow stages. In this period, water flows out in moisture vapor, but the water in matrix does not change so much. The moisture loss is mainly from the water film in fracture network. Experiments also observed that such a moisture loss has a profound impact on the storage and transport of coalbed methane. However, this impact has not been investigated so far. This study investigates this impact through following works: firstly, a new conceptual permeability model is proposed based on water film adhered to the surface of fractures in a dual-porosity porous medium. The effect of water film is further described in gas flow equation by a non-Darcy law with threshold pressure gradient. Thirdly, a coupled multi-physical model is established to consider the interactions among coal deformation, gas flow, gas sorption and moisture loss. This model is validated by the gas production data of a coal seam in the Fruitland formation of San Juan basin. Finally, four scenarios are computed to comprehensively study the impact of moisture loss. These simulations show that the proposed model can well fit the history of gas production data. Non-Darcy flow has different velocity profile from Darcy flow. For the non-Darcy flow, the gas flow velocity increases quickly, then slowly, and finally decreases once gas starts to flow at a point. Moisture evaporation with gas flow mainly occurs in the zone near wellbore. This loss has a delay to the gas flow velocity. It also reveals that this moisture loss in coal seams can significantly improve coal permeability and thus enhance gas production. Therefore, the change of water film has significant impacts on gas production.

Background Heart disease has been the leading cause of death in China since 2020. With the development of the aging population, dietary habits changes, and extreme climate conditions, this study aimed to evaluate national and sub-national changes in the heart disease burden from 2013 to 2021 in china, using data from the National Mortality Surveillance System. Methods This study was mainly using the National Mortality Surveillance System, which covered 300 million, accounted for 24% of China’s population, with national and provincial representativeness from 2013 to 2021. The data categories were modified in 2013 to contain individual classes for heart disease, and the classifications remained consist until 2021. Permutation test were used to identify the Joinpoints in the data. Trends for the study period were evaluated using the average annual percent change (AAPC) in mortality rates with 95% Confidence interval (CI). A decomposition analysis was used to analyse the drivers of mortality change due to heart disease. Results The total number of heart disease related deaths increased from 277,312(2013) to 463,314(2021). The proportion of deaths due to heart disease increased from 21.81% to 25.45%. And the gender-standardized mortality of heart disease increased from 140.11/100,000 to 180.67/100,000 from 2013 to 2021. The average annual increase (AAI) was 4.46%. since 2020, the heart disease has become the leading cause of death, rising from the third place. Epidemic characteristics were as follows: First, the heart disease-related mortality was higher in males than in females. And the AAPC for males was 3.74% from 2013 to 2021 (AAPC = 3.744, 95% CI: 3.048 ~ 4.528, P  < 0.01). The AAPC for females was 4.09% (AAPC = 4.088, 95% CI: 2.962 ~ 5.313, P  < 0.01). Second, a rapid increase in heart disease related mortality has been observed among 15–44 years population in recent years. Third, the mortality of rural residents in the past 6 years has increased fast (from 151.19/100,000 to 188.58/100,000). The average annual increase in rural heart disease mortality was 3.49%. Fourth, heart disease mortality in Central China increased fast and reached the highest rate in China. Additionally, ischemic heart disease mortality showed the highest, with a rapidly increasing trend. Finally, most heart disease related deaths occurred from October of the first year to March of the following year, with peaks in January and February. And over 70% of these deaths occured at home or in hospital,. Conclusions The deaths due to heart disease indicated a remarkable continues increase in the burden of heart disease. This study results imply escalating healthcare expenses, with projections indicating even greater future challenges. These findings will also help identify gaps in heart disease healthcare and guide the prioritization of health programs dirven by the needs of China.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) still lacks a conclusive treatment, largely due to an incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved. To enhance our knowledge of AD pathogenesis and identify potential therapeutic targets, this study integrates differential gene expression analysis, pathway enrichment, hub gene discovery, protein–protein interaction (PPI) clustering, and transcription factor/protein kinase regulation into a single, cohesive pipeline. This comprehensive systems-level approach moves beyond single-gene analyses to offer a broader, mechanistically focused insight into AD biology. Using RNA-seq data from the CA1 region of the hippocampus—a subregion selectively affected in early AD—we identified 1,104 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Among the enriched pathways, “7-alpha-hydroxycholesterol” was upregulated, while “vacuolar organization” was downregulated in AD samples. Furthermore, five novel hub genes (MRPS7, RPL5, GFM1, RAD51, and ASPM) were identified within the PPI network. The first three—MRPS7, RPL5, and GFM1—along with ACO2 and MT-ATP6, are potentially linked to hereditary forms of AD due to their roles in mitochondrial function. We also discovered four collaborative clusters within the network that notably associated with the “inflammatory response”, “7-alpha-hydroxycholesterol”, “Mitochondrial dysfunction” and “Oxidative phosphorylation” pathways, making them promising candidates for therapeutic and diagnostic investigation due their behavioral information members. Additionally, we identified ten transcription factors (GATA2, CHD1, THRA, IRF7, ZBTB48, POLE4, ZNF219, SLC2A4RG, NR1D1, and RXRA) and one protein kinase (PRKCZ) as potential regulatory elements in AD. This study broadens our understanding of Alzheimer’s disease by identifying five candidate hub genes, two functional PPI clusters, two signaling pathways, and eleven regulatory proteins, thereby laying the groundwork for future therapeutic and diagnostic developments in molecular AD research.