Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
17,352
result(s) for
"compulsory"
Sort by:
Education and gender role attitudes
This paper examines whether education plays an important role in shaping individuals’ gender role attitudes. We exploit exogenous variation in temporal and geographical impacts of the 1986 Compulsory Education Law in China, which reduced inequality in compulsory school attendance across regions. Using the data from the China General Social Survey, we find that the extra schooling induced by the compulsory schooling reform leads to more egalitarian gender role attitudes. Education’s liberalizing effect is concentrated among females and urban residents. However, education’s impacts on gender-equal behavior are much weaker than impacts on attitudes. Finally, we discuss the potential channels through which education shapes individuals’ gender-role attitudes.
Journal Article
Characterization of compulsory hospitalization in the psychiatry department of Faro
IntroductionThe mental health law is not universal. In Portugal the urgent compulsory regimen is based on the principles of the presence of severe mental anomaly and risk to themselves or others.ObjectivesCharacterization of patients admitted in compulsory hospitalization (CH) between 2018 and 2020, in the University Hospital Center of Algarve - Faro DepartmentMethodsRetrospective study from January/2018 to August/2020. Social, demographic, epidemiological and clinical data were evaluated.ResultsOf 1191 patients who were admitted 36% occurred in CH. There was a predominance in male sex (58%), the average age was 43 years old. For 62% it wasn´t the first hospitalization and 58% had a recent prescription. Admission occurred most frequently because of the presence of psychotic symptoms (figure1) and according to the international classification of disease (ICD10) the most frequent diagnosis was unspecified nonorganic psychosis (figure2). At discharge 59% of the patients remained on compulsory treatment (CT), where the most frequent diagnosis was schizophrenia. Although most of these patients were discharged with oral and long-term injectable antipsychotics, there were higher rates of readmissions when compared to non-CT group, were the most frequent diagnosis was mental and behavioural disorders due to psychoactive substance use and most of the patients were discharged only with oral therapy.ConclusionsPatients in compulsory regimen have a severe mental illness with higher rates of readmission. We highlight the use of long-term injectable antipsychotics in terms of compliance. These findings corroborate the need for specialized and multidisciplinary approach in terms of psychosocial rehabilitation in these patients.
Journal Article
Compulsory voting : for and against
\"In many democracies, voter turnout is low and getting lower. If the people choose not to govern themselves, should they be forced to do so? For Jason Brennan, compulsory voting is unjust and a petty violation of citizens' liberty. The median non-voter is less informed and rational, as well as more biased than the median voter. According to Lisa Hill, compulsory voting is a reasonable imposition on personal liberty. Hill points to the discernible benefits of compulsory voting and argues that high turnout elections are more democratically legitimate. The authors - both well-known for their work on voting and civic engagement - debate questions such as: -Do citizens have a duty to vote, and is it an enforceable duty? -Does compulsory voting violate citizens' liberty? If so, is this sufficient grounds to oppose it? Or is it a justifiable violation? Might it instead promote liberty on the whole? -Is low turnout a problem, or a blessing? -Does compulsory voting produce better government? Or, might it instead produce worse government? Might it, in fact, have little effect overall on the quality of government?\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The configuration path of the balanced compulsory education resources supply in the context of equal rights to rent and purchase: Based on the fsQCA analysis of 31 cities in China
Equal rights to rent and purchase affects the supply of compulsory education resources. How to promote the balanced compulsory education resources supply in the context of equal rights to rent and purchase is currently a hot issue amongst government and society. To achieve such balance, conducting research in the context of equal rights to rent and purchase becomes crucial. However, existing research has yet to provide sufficient explanations for the differentiated paths for realizing the balanced compulsory education resources supply in practice. This study uses 31 cities in China as case samples and jointly applies fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis and the ‘technology–organization–environment’ (TOE) framework. The findings are summarized as follows. Firstly, the balanced compulsory education resources supply in the context of equal rights to rent and purchase is affected by six key technological, organizational, and environmental factors. Namely, data co-construction and sharing, technological infrastructure, attention allocation, government information disclosure, policy support for equal rights to rent and purchase, and level of urban economic development. Secondly, the linkage matching of technological, organizational and environmental conditions forms diversified configurations that drive the balanced compulsory education resources supply in the context of equal rights to rent and purchase. These configurations include the ‘organization’ driving model, ‘technology–environment’ driving model, ‘technology–organization–environment’ driving model, and ‘technology-organization’ driving model. Finally, eastern, central and western China are driven by different configuration paths. Amongst them, eastern China has relatively good basic conditions at the technological, organizational and environmental levels. The combination of different conditions can drive the balanced compulsory education resources supply in a ‘different paths lead to the same destination’ manner. Although the development in central China is somewhat restricted, the radiation and impetus from eastern China, in combination with the different conditions in central China, can drive the balanced compulsory education resources supply. Western China shows no advantages at the technological, organizational and environmental levels. Faced with restrictions in organizational and environmental conditions, the government in western China should develop the necessary technological conditions to drive the balanced compulsory education resources supply.
Journal Article
Home/schooling : creating schools that work for kids, parents and teachers
During the nineteenth century, social reformers took hold of an already existing institution - the school - and sought to make it compulsory. In the process, they supplanted parents and domestic life - the home - as the primary educational force for children. As education was taken out of the home, American classrooms were at the same time remade into a particular kind of home life -- one based upon a sentimentalized maternity, where love can always triumph over the “public” and “masculine” forces of competition, merit, and hierarchy. And so love entered into the discourse of teaching. In this model, a good teacher loves her students. She makes her classroom into a home. Like a good mother, she sacrifices for them, enduring long hours of isolation, low pay, and little public support or recognition. Students, in their turn, should love their teacher. To please her, they should learn the values that would sustain a more virtuous republic. Parenting, through all of this, was redefined as a private activity. Battle lines were drawn and the stakes were love, learning and control. It doesn't need to be this way. It is time to rethink the ways in which parents and teachers interact with one another. It is time to redefine “homeschooling” as something all families engage in and that all public schools should seek to support. -- Provided by publisher.
Book
Mobilizing Labour for the Global Coffee Market
Coffee has been grown on Java for the commercial market since the early eighteenth century, when the Dutch East India Company began buying from peasant producers in the Priangan highlands. What began as a commercial transaction, however, soon became a system of compulsory production. This book shows how the Dutch East India Company mobilized land and labor, why they turned to force cultivation, and what effects the brutal system they installed had on the economy and society.
eBook
School acts and the rise of mass schooling : education policy in the long nineteenth century
\"This book examines school acts in the long nineteenth century, traditionally considered as milestones or landmarks in the process of achieving universal education. Guided by a strong interest in social, cultural, and economic history, the case studies featured in the book rethink the actual value, the impact, and the ostensible purpose of school acts. The thirteen national case studies focus on the manner in which school acts were embedded in their particular historical contexts, offering a comprehensive and multidisciplinary overview of school acts and the role they played in the rise of mass schooling. Drawing together research from countries across the West, the editors and contributors analyse why these acts were passed, as well as their content and impact. This seminal collection will appeal to students and scholars of school acts and the history of mass schooling\"--Page 4 of cover.
Book
Does free education help combat child labor? The effect of a free compulsory education reform in rural China
This paper evaluates the effect of a free compulsory education reform in rural China on the incidence of child labor. We exploit the cross-province variation in the rollout of the reform and apply a difference-in-differences strategy to identify the causal effects of the reform. We find that exposure to free compulsory education significantly reduces the incidence of child labor for boys, but has no significant effect on the likelihood of child labor for girls. Specifically, one additional semester of free compulsory education decreases the incidence of child labor for boys by 8.3 percentage points. Moreover, the negative effect of the reform on the likelihood of child labor is stronger for boys from households with lower socioeconomic status. Finally, the free compulsory education reform may induce parents to reallocate resources towards boys within a household and thus may enlarge the gender gap in human capital investment.
Journal Article