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We prove that the map on knot Floer homology induced by a ribbon concordance is injective. As a consequence, we prove that the Seifert genus is monotonic under ribbon concordance. Generalizing theorems of Gabai and Scharlemann, we also prove that the Seifert genus is super-additive under band connected sums of arbitrarily many knots. Our results give evidence for a conjecture of Gordon that ribbon concordance is a partial order on the set of knots.

Artificial intelligence (AI)-powered chatbots, such as Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT), have shown promising results in healthcare settings. These tools can help patients obtain real-time responses to queries, ensuring immediate access to relevant information. The study aimed to explore the potential use of ChatGPT-generated medical Arabic responses for patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). An English patient questionnaire on MASLD was translated to Arabic. The Arabic questions were then entered into ChatGPT 3.5 on November 12, 2023. The responses were evaluated for accuracy, completeness, and comprehensibility by 10 Saudi MASLD experts who were native Arabic speakers. Likert scales were used to evaluate: 1) Accuracy, 2) Completeness, and 3) Comprehensibility. The questions were grouped into 3 domains: (1) Specialist referral, (2) Lifestyle, and (3) Physical activity. Accuracy mean score was 4.9 ± 0.94 on a 6-point Likert scale corresponding to \"Nearly all correct.\" Kendall's coefficient of concordance (KCC) ranged from 0.025 to 0.649, with a mean of 0.28, indicating moderate agreement between all 10 experts. Mean completeness score was 2.4 ± 0.53 on a 3-point Likert scale corresponding to \"Comprehensive\" (KCC: 0.03-0.553; mean: 0.22). Comprehensibility mean score was 2.74 ± 0.52 on a 3-point Likert scale, which indicates the responses were \"Easy to understand\" (KCC: 0.00-0.447; mean: 0.25). MASLD experts found that ChatGPT responses were accurate, complete, and comprehensible. The results support the increasing trend of leveraging the power of AI chatbots to revolutionize the dissemination of information for patients with MASLD. However, many AI-powered chatbots require further enhancement of scientific content to avoid the risks of circulating medical misinformation.

Artificial intelligence (AI)-powered chatbots, such as Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT), have shown promising results in healthcare settings. These tools can help patients obtain real-time responses to queries, ensuring immediate access to relevant information. The study aimed to explore the potential use of ChatGPT-generated medical Arabic responses for patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). An English patient questionnaire on MASLD was translated to Arabic. The Arabic questions were then entered into ChatGPT 3.5 on November 12, 2023. The responses were evaluated for accuracy, completeness, and comprehensibility by 10 Saudi MASLD experts who were native Arabic speakers. Likert scales were used to evaluate: 1) Accuracy, 2) Completeness, and 3) Comprehensibility. The questions were grouped into 3 domains: (1) Specialist referral, (2) Lifestyle, and (3) Physical activity. Accuracy mean score was 4.9 ± 0.94 on a 6-point Likert scale corresponding to \"Nearly all correct.\" Kendall's coefficient of concordance (KCC) ranged from 0.025 to 0.649, with a mean of 0.28, indicating moderate agreement between all 10 experts. Mean completeness score was 2.4 ± 0.53 on a 3-point Likert scale corresponding to \"Comprehensive\" (KCC: 0.03-0.553; mean: 0.22). Comprehensibility mean score was 2.74 ± 0.52 on a 3-point Likert scale, which indicates the responses were \"Easy to understand\" (KCC: 0.00-0.447; mean: 0.25). MASLD experts found that ChatGPT responses were accurate, complete, and comprehensible. The results support the increasing trend of leveraging the power of AI chatbots to revolutionize the dissemination of information for patients with MASLD. However, many AI-powered chatbots require further enhancement of scientific content to avoid the risks of circulating medical misinformation.

We implement two measures for quantifying genealogical concordance in phylogenomic data sets: the gene concordance factor (gCF) and the novel site concordance factor (sCF). For every branch of a reference tree, gCF is defined as the percentage of “decisive” gene trees containing that branch. This measure is already in wide usage, but here we introduce a package that calculates it while accounting for variable taxon coverage among gene trees. sCF is a new measure defined as the percentage of decisive sites supporting a branch in the reference tree. gCF and sCF complement classical measures of branch support in phylogenetics by providing a full description of underlying disagreement among loci and sites. An easy to use implementation and tutorial is freely available in the IQ-TREE software package (http://www.iqtree.org/doc/Concordance-Factor, last accessed May 13, 2020).

Agreement between measurements refers to the degree of concordance between two (or more) sets of measurements. Statistical methods to test agreement are used to assess inter-rater variability or to decide whether one technique for measuring a variable can substitute another. In this article, we look at statistical measures of agreement for different types of data and discuss the differences between these and those for assessing correlation.

A major goal in the field of transcriptional regulation is the mapping of changes in the binding of transcription factors to the resultant changes in gene expression. Recently, methods for measuring chromatin accessibility have enabled us to measure changes in accessibility across the genome, which are thought to correspond to transcription factor‐binding events. In concert with RNA‐sequencing, these data in principle enable such mappings; however, few studies have looked at their concordance over short‐duration treatments with specific perturbations. Here, we used tandem, bulk ATAC‐seq, and RNA‐seq measurements from MCF‐7 breast carcinoma cells to systematically evaluate the concordance between changes in accessibility and changes in expression in response to retinoic acid and TGF‐β. We found two classes of genes whose expression showed a significant change: those that showed some changes in the accessibility of nearby chromatin, and those that showed virtually no change despite strong changes in expression. The peaks associated with genes in the former group had lower baseline accessibility prior to exposure to signal. Focusing the analysis specifically on peaks with motifs for transcription factors associated with retinoic acid and TGF‐β signaling did not reduce the lack of correspondence. Analysis of paired chromatin accessibility and gene expression data from distinct paths along the hematopoietic differentiation trajectory showed a much stronger correspondence, suggesting that the multifactorial biological processes associated with differentiation may lead to changes in chromatin accessibility that reflect rather than driving altered transcriptional status. Together, these results show many gene expression changes can happen independently of changes in the accessibility of local chromatin in the context of a single‐factor perturbation. Synopsis Systematic analysis of tandem, bulk ATAC‐seq and RNA‐seq measurements from cells exposed to single‐factor perturbations shows two groups of genes: those with concordance between accessibility and expression changes and those without. MCF‐7 cells exposed to retinoic acid or TGF‐β have genes that show high expression changes without changes in local chromatin. By comparison, data from hematopoietic differentiation show much more concordance between chromatin accessibility changes and gene expression changes. Genes in the single‐factor perturbation data set that demonstrated more concordance had peaks that were less accessible at baseline prior to retinoic acid or TGF‐β exposure. Graphical Abstract Systematic analysis of tandem, bulk ATAC‐seq, and RNA‐seq measurements from cells exposed to single‐factor perturbations shows two groups of genes: those with concordance between accessibility and expression changes and those without.

There is a great deal of research outlining interventions to increase pro-environmental behaviour, many of which are aimed at employees. However, to date the results for these have not lived up to their initial promise. Instead of offering another intervention, we propose a model which identifies psychological conditions under which these interventions are most likely to succeed. Through the integration of previously separate literatures from experimental social psychology, organisational psychology, organisational behaviour and environmental psychology, we suggest that the degree to which the intervention-related goal is efficacious and attractive, self-concordant, in conflict with other goals, and perceived to be completed will affect the level and type of behaviour change. Our model aims to provide actionable knowledge that extends our understanding of the effectiveness of workplace interventions designed to increase green organisational behaviour.

PurposeEvolutionary discordance may contribute to the high burden of chronic disease-related mortality in modern industrialized nations. We aimed to investigate the associations of a 7-component, equal-weight, evolutionary-concordance lifestyle (ECL) score with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.MethodsBaseline data were collected in 2003–2007 from 17,465 United States participants in the prospective REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. The ECL score’s components were: a previously reported evolutionary-concordance diet score, alcohol intake, physical activity, sedentary behavior, waist circumference, smoking history, and social network size. Diet was assessed using a Block 98 food frequency questionnaire and anthropometrics by trained personnel; other information was self-reported. Higher scores indicated higher evolutionary concordance. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate ECL score–mortality associations.ResultsOver a median follow-up of 10.3 years, 3771 deaths occurred (1177 from cardiovascular disease [CVD], 1002 from cancer). The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) (95% confidence intervals [CI]) for those in the highest relative to the lowest ECL score quintiles for all-cause, all-CVD, and all-cancer mortality were, respectively, 0.45 (0.40, 0.50), 0.47 (0.39, 0.58), and 0.42 (0.34, 0.52) (all P trend < 0.01). Removing smoking and diet from the ECL score attenuated the estimated ECL score–all-cause mortality association the most, yielding fifth quintile HRs (95% CIs) of 0.56 (0.50, 0.62) and 0.50 (0.46, 0.55), respectively.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that a more evolutionary-concordant lifestyle may be inversely associated with all-cause, all-CVD, and all-cancer mortality. Smoking and diet appeared to have the greatest impact on the ECL–mortality associations.

We use the cobordism distance on the smooth knot concordance group $\\mathcal {C}$ to measure how close two knots are to being linearly dependent. Our measure, $\\Delta (\\mathcal {K}, \\mathcal {J})$ , is built by minimizing the cobordism distance between all pairs of knots, $\\mathcal {K}'$ and $\\mathcal {J}'$ , in cyclic subgroups containing $\\mathcal {K}$ and $\\mathcal {J}$ . When made precise, this leads to the definition of the projective space of the concordance group, ${\\mathbb P}(\\mathcal {C})$ , upon which $\\Delta $ defines an integer-valued metric. We explore basic properties of ${\\mathbb P}(\\mathcal {C})$ by using torus knots $T_{2,2k+1}$ . Twist knots are used to demonstrate that the natural simplicial complex $\\overline {({\\mathbb P}(\\mathcal {C}), \\Delta )}$ associated with the metric space ${\\mathbb P}(\\mathcal {C})$ is infinite-dimensional.

Recent work has emphasized the benefits of patient–physician concordance on clinical care outcomes for underrepresented minorities, arguing it can ameliorate outgroup biases, boost communication, and increase trust. We explore concordance in a setting where racial disparities are particularly severe: childbirth. In the United States, Black newborns die at three times the rate of White newborns. Results examining 1.8 million hospital births in the state of Florida between 1992 and 2015 suggest that newborn–physician racial concordance is associated with a significant improvement in mortality for Black infants. Results further suggest that these benefits manifest during more challenging births and in hospitals that deliver more Black babies. We find no significant improvement in maternal mortality when birthing mothers share race with their physician.