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We estimated that 45.4% of US adults are at increased risk for complications from coronavirus disease because of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, respiratory disease, hypertension, or cancer. Rates increased by age, from 19.8% for persons 18-29 years of age to 80.7% for persons >80 years of age, and varied by state, race/ethnicity, health insurance status, and employment.

We compared the characteristics of hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients who had coronavirus disease in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. We found that risk for hospitalization increased with a patient's age and number of concurrent conditions. We also found a potential association between hospitalization and high hemoglobin A1c levels in persons with diabetes.

We estimated the prevalence of obesity, overweight, and underweight among US adolescents with and without autism and other learning and behavioral developmental disabilities (DDs) and assessed the health consequences of obesity among adolescents with DDs. From the 2008 to 2010 National Health Interview Survey, we selected 9,619 adolescents ages 12–17 years. Parent respondents reported weight, height, presence of DDs and health conditions. We calculated body mass index (BMI) and defined obesity, overweight, and underweight as ≥95th, ≥85th to <95th, and <5th percentiles, respectively, using established criteria. We created mutually-exclusive DD subgroups using the following order of precedence: autism; intellectual disability; attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder; learning disorder/other developmental delay. We compared BMI outcomes among adolescents in each DD group versus adolescents without DDs using multivariable logistic regression. Socio-demographic factors and birthweight were included as confounders. Estimates were weighted to reflect the US population. Both obesity and underweight prevalences were higher among adolescents with than without DDs [adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) 1.5 (1.25–1.75) and 1.5 (1.01–2.20), respectively]. Obesity was elevated among adolescents with all DD types, and was highest among the autism subgroup [aPR 2.1 (1.44–3.16)]. Adolescents with either a DD or obesity had higher prevalences of common respiratory, gastrointestinal, dermatological and neurological conditions/symptoms than nonobese adolescents without DDs. Adolescents with both DDs and obesity had the highest estimates for most conditions. Obesity is high among adolescents with autism and other DDs and poses added chronic health risks. Obesity prevention and management approaches for this vulnerable population subgroup need further consideration.

We examined non-pregnancy-related listeriosis cases in England and Wales reported to the Health Protection Agency between 1990 and 2009 (n=1864) using unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify factors independently associated with mortality. A subset analysis of cases between 2005 and 2009 (n=694) investigated the additional effect of antibiotic therapy on survival. In these cases particular malignancies, alcoholism, cardiovascular disease, increasing age, and treatment to reduce gastric acid secretion were positively associated with mortality. The absence of a concurrent condition and presence of autoimmune disease had a protective effect. The subset analysis identified illness in winter or spring as a risk factor and antibiotic therapy as a protective factor for mortality. The impact of antibiotic therapy, seasonality and reduced gastric acid status on survival should be further investigated. Policy-makers and clinicians need to more broadly advise those at risk of contracting this disease and dying as a consequence.

To identify which medications were most commonly taken by non-pregnancy-related listeriosis patients prior to illness, we compared the medications reported by 512 cases identified via national surveillance in England between 2007 and 2009 with national prescription data, using British National Formulary (BNF) coding. Relative risks and corresponding confidence intervals were calculated, as appropriate, for BNF chapters and sections. Among listeriosis cases, the rates for cytotoxic drugs, drugs affecting the immune response and corticosteroids were significantly higher than for other medications. However, interactions between medications and how medications might confound or be confounded by concurrent medical conditions need to be investigated further. Nevertheless our findings suggest that targeting food-safety advice to prevent this foodborne disease in certain treatment groups is warranted.

Results from four experiments indicate that people expect to enjoy an experience more when it will follow a worse experience. We find that consumers expect hedonic contrast effects even when they do not experience such effects. Whereas individuals remember the absence of contrast effects after a short delay (study 1), individuals reporting retrospective judgments after a long delay (study 2) recalled that they had experienced contrast effects. These biased memories about contrast effects are eliminated when individuals focus on enjoyment during the experience. The present experiments document the time course of erroneous beliefs about contrast effects, mechanisms underlying their resistance to change, and the impact of these expectations about contrast effects on consumer choice.

In verbal protocol analysis, verbalization can occur either during decision making (concurrent data) or after (retrospective data). Although both methods have advantages and disadvantages, no empirical research has focused on a direct comparison. This study compared the effectiveness of concurrent and retrospective data for revealing the human decision making process. In general, the concurrent protocol analysis method outperformed the retrospective method. Not only was the number of concurrent protocol segments elicited higher than that of retrospective protocol segments, but concurrent data provided more insights into the decision-making steps occurring between stimulus introduction and the final choice outcome. However, retrospective protocols offer an interesting advantage: More statements about the final choice are provided in retrospective protocols than in concurrent protocols.

Snowstorms can produce varying degrees of damage depending on the amount and intensity of the snowfall over a given amount of time. Concurrent weather conditions such as freezing rain and high winds often exacerbate the amount of damage received. In order to assess the frequency of potentially damaging conditions during climatologically significant snowstorms, the top ten snowstorms (TTS) at individual First-Order Stations in the eastern two-thirds of the conterminous U.S. were determined, and the hourly weather conditions during each event were analyzed. The results show that TTS have occurred as early as September and as late as June, with January being the peak month of occurrence. Hourly precipitation totals during TTS were 2.3 mm or less 88% of the time. Seven percent of TTS were classified as a blizzard with over half of the blizzards occurring in the West North Central region. The most common concurrent weather condition during a TTS was fog followed by blowing snow. Regionally, heavy snow events in the Northeast had relatively higher precipitation amounts, colder temperatures, higher winds, and more fog and blowing snow than any other region.

El objetivo del trabajo que se presenta fue evaluar el efecto de un programa de intervención de Aprendizaje-Servicio de ejercicio físico concurrente “Pilates y juegos de socialización” sobre la Condición Física (Fuerza y Flexibilidad de los miembros superiores e inferiores, Agilidad y Capacidad Cardiorrespiratoria), Calidad de Vida relacionada con la salud (Función Física, Rol Físico, Dolor Corporal, Salud General, Vitalidad, Función Social, Rol Emocional, Salud Mental) y la felicidad subjetiva (midiendo cuatro ítems) de personas adultas-mayores. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 41 mujeres (Edadmedia=82,03), 21 de ellas pertenecían al grupo control (no activas) (Edadmedia=80,73; DT=7,96) y las otras 20 adultas-mayores formaban el grupo experimental (Edadmedia=83,30; DT=8,87) o grupo de activas, ya que llevaron a cabo el programa de ejercicio físico durante diez semanas con una frecuencia de 2 sesiones por semana. El estudio fue cuasi experimental. Los resultados reflejan que el programa de Aprendizaje-Servicio sobre ejercicio físico indujo mejoras significativas en el grupo experimental en los componentes de la condición física y en la salud mental. Sin embargo, no se observaron mejoras significativas en las variables que evaluaban la funcionalidad corporal, la felicidad percibida y la salud general. Por esta razón, se sugiere que futuras líneas de investigación podrían tener por objeto analizar qué métodos son los óptimos para favorecer mejoras significativas en las variables estudiadas en este trabajo, en poblaciones similares, debido a que el programa utilizado sobre Pilates y dinámicas de Socialización ha resultado insuficiente en este sentido.  Abstract.The aim of this work was to assess the effect of a concurrent Service-Learning intervention program “Pilates and socializing games” on the Physical Condition (Force and Flexibility of the higher and lower limbs, Agility and Cardiorespiratory capacity), Health related Quality of Life (Physical Function, Physical Role, Body Pain, General Health, Vitality, Social Function, Emotional Role, Mental Health) and subjective happiness (measuring four items) of older adults. The sample was formed by a group of 41 women (mean age= 82.03). 21 of them belonged to the control group (not active) (mean age= 80.73, SD= 7.96) and the other 20 older-adults formed the experimental group (mean age= 83.30, SD= 8.87) or active group, since they carried out the physical exercise program during ten weeks with a frequency of 2 sessions per week. This study was quasi experimental. The results show that the Service Learning program of physical exercise induced significant improvements in the components of physical condition and in mental health. However, no significant improvements were observed in the variables that evaluated the body functionality, perceived happiness and general health. For this reason, future research could aim at investigating the optimal methods to favour significant improvements in similar populations in the studied variables in this work, due to the fact that the program used on Pilates, as well as the dynamic for socialization has proven insufficient results in this regard.