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This title is an interdisciplinary textbook aimed at systematic descriptions and implementations of numerically-viable algorithms based on well-established, efficient and stable modern numerical linear techniques for mathematical problems arising in the design and analysis of linear control systems both for the first- and second-order models. MATLAB-based software is included for implementing all of the major algorithms from the book.

Pesticides are considered the first line of defense for the control of pests and diseases. At least in the short and medium term, the use of pesticides will remain an important strategy for pest management, allowing growers to produce crops of sufficient quality at low costs. A broad approach known as Integrated Pest Management (IPM) combines several different pest-control strategies, among which the combination of chemical and biological control stands out. It requires pesticides that achieve optimal control of target pests with minimal impact on the activity of biological control agents. Because of the dynamics of pest infestations, IPM routines are continuously adjusted by growers, requiring comprehensive information about pesticide effects on natural enemies. However, this information is not always available and often contradictory, which constrains the design of field recommendations. In this review, we focused on the importance of selective pesticides in IPM programs, and the effects of chemical pesticides on parasitoids, predators, and entomopathogenic fungi. We provided a detailed discussion of the challenges and constraints for research on pesticide effects on natural enemies, as well as for the resulting field recommendations. RESUMO: Para o controle de pragas e doenças, os agrotóxicos são considerados a primeira linha de defesa. Pelo menos no curto e médio prazo, o seu uso continuará a ser uma estratégia importante de manejo, permitindo aos produtores produzir com baixo custo e boa qualidade. O manejo integrado de pragas (MIP) combina várias estratégias diferentes de controle de pragas. Entre elas, a associação do controle químico e biológico tem grande importância. Isto depende de agrotóxicos que tenham um ótimo controle das pragas alvo, com mínimo de impacto possível sobre a atividade dos agentes de controle biológico. Assim, devido à dinâmica de pragas, os produtores precisam de informações completas sobre os efeitos dos agrotóxicos sobre os inimigos naturais visando constantemente ajustar suas rotinas de MIP. No entanto, estas informações não estão sempre disponíveis, e quando encontradas, são muitas vezes contraditórias, o que prejudica as recomendações de campo. Nesta revisão, destacamos a importância de agrotóxicos seletivos em programas de MIP e seus efeitos sobre parasitoides, predadores e fungos entomopatogênicos. Ainda, discutiremos com mais detalhes os desafios e restrições para a pesquisa e recomendações de campo sobre seletividade de agrotóxicos.

Institutional logics give individuals and organizations meaning for which goals should be pursued. To this end, the management control system provides informational support for the management, planning and control of the organization in achieving its objectives and goals. Thus, this research seeks to understand how the hybrid institutional logics of bureaucratic, professional and market management boosted the outputs of the management control system for transparency, informational availability and accountability. Using qualitative methodology, which allows for in-depth data analysis, a case study was prepared at a Federal University, in the vice-rectorate responsible for the planning and development of the authority. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, direct observation and documents. Based on the results of the discursive textual analysis, there is a hybridization of bureaucratic logic with market managerial logic, generating a new hybrid institutional logic. The hybrid institutional logic has a power structure such as hierarchical control through management levels, a source of authority through governance based on objectives, goals and results and an action basis in compliance, performance and budgetary control. This hybridization boosted the outputs of the management control system towards transparency, informational availability and accountability. At the end of the research, opportunities for future research are presented.

Through a direct observation of three large Brazilian supermarket chains, this article discusses how new technologies are used to control workers. From the beginning of industrial capitalism, different technologies have been used to produce behaviors that generate greater productivity, imposing a work discipline. With the passage to control society, video surveillance has spread throughout the most different spaces of daily life. In supermarkets, a system has been developed in recent years to reduce risks: loss prevention. This article discusses precisely this system as a device of labor control, analyzing its surveillance techniques as a form of workers’ control.

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in mango production, can lead to crop losses of 60 %. Synthetic fungicides constitute its leading management strategy. We evaluated combinations of different management practices to control anthracnose in a commercial Tommy Atkins mango grove in 2015 and 2016. We followed a randomized complete block experimental design with a subdivided plot arrangement composed of 12 treatments, three replicates per treatment, and one mango tree per replicate for 36 trees. Pruning was practiced at plot level (with and without pruning), nutrients were applied to subplots (soil fertilizer, foliar nutrient application, and no nutrient supply), and at sub-subplot level, three anthracnose management treatments were given (chemical, biological, and no treatment). In 2015 and 2016, the treatments involving natural or biological applications against anthracnose plus nutrient supply led to the most significant reductions in quiescent leaf infections and disease presence in flowers and fruits. In addition, pruning at specific crop development stages improved results. In light of our results, this integrated anthracnose management approach in mango production can deliver the expected results if implemented consistently.

This book documents and illustrates major developments in the use of nematodes for the biological control of insects and slugs. It covers the use of three main types of nematodes: entomopathogenic nematodes, entomophilic nematodes and slug-parasitic nematodes. The biology, commercial production, formulation and quality control, application technology, strategy and safety of each of these three nematode groups is discussed. The book also examines the application of nematodes in different cropping systems, and the efficacy of nematodes against specific pests. The potential of predatory nematodes to control plant-parasitic nematodes and mycophagous nematodes to control fungal pathogens is also reviewed.

All societies must deal with the possibility of violence, and they do so in different ways. This book integrates the problem of violence into a larger social science and historical framework, showing how economic and political behavior are closely linked. Most societies, which we call natural states, limit violence by political manipulation of the economy to create privileged interests. These privileges limit the use of violence by powerful individuals, but doing so hinders both economic and political development. In contrast, modern societies create open access to economic and political organizations, fostering political and economic competition. The book provides a framework for understanding the two types of social orders, why open access societies are both politically and economically more developed, and how some 25 countries have made the transition between the two types.

This paper presents a proposal for a flying-cutting plant designed using the SketchUp tool for 3D modeling and constructed with electronic devices and other low-cost components. The proposed prototype aims to facilitate the implementation of control strategies in academic settings, such as laboratory practices. The primary contribution of this work is the development of a scaled,cost-effective industrial prototype that can be operated and controlled using various software and hardware tools. The plant features a conveyor belt and a mechanical arm for continuous cutting, enabling it to emulate the operation of large-scale industrial processes. To validate the design, the plant was simulated using a continuous and discrete transfer function as its mathematical representation, obtained through an identification process performed with MATLAB’s PID Tuner. Performance testswere then conducted using tools such as Simulink and Code Composer Studio by Texas Instruments. After validation, operation and shear tests were carried out on the physical prototype, employing a classical control technique. Una propuesta de planta de corte al vuelo es presentada en este artículo. La planta fue diseñada usando la herramienta SketchUp para modelado 3D y construida usando dispositivos electrónicos y otros elementos de bajo costo. El propósito del prototipo propuesto centra su aplicación en entornos académicos a través del desarrollo de estrategias de control en prácticas de laboratorio. Una contribución importante del trabajo realizado estuvo en el diseño de un prototipo industrial a escala y de bajo costo, que brinda la posibilidad de ser operado y controlado a través de diferentes sistemas embebidos que integran elementos tanto a nivel de software como de hardware. La planta cuenta con una banda transportadora y un brazo mecánico para corte continuo que permite emular el funcionamiento de procesos industriales de gran escala. Como resultados, se realizaron simulación de la planta mediante una función de transferencia continua y discreta como representación matemática, la cual fue obtenida a través de un proceso de identificación realizado en PIDTuner de MATLAB. Posteriormente, se realizaron pruebas de desempeño a través de herramientas como Simulink y Code Composer Studio de Texas Instruments y, una vez validado su funcionamiento, se implementaron pruebas de operación y de corte en el prototipo construido empleando una técnica de control clásica. Uma proposta de planta de corte em voo é apresentada neste artigo. A planta foi projetada utilizando a ferramenta SketchUp para modelagem 3D e construída com dispositivos eletrônicos e outros elementos de baixo custo. O propósito do protótipo proposto centra sua aplicação em ambientes acadêmicos por meio do desenvolvimento de estratégias de controle em práticas de laboratório. Uma contribuição importante do trabalho realizado foi o design de um protótipo industrial em escala e de baixo custo, que possibilita sua operação e controle através de diferentes sistemas embarcadosque integram elementos tanto de software quanto de hardware. A planta conta com uma esteiratransportadora e um braço mecânico para corte contínuo, permitindo emular o funcionamento de processos industriais de grande escala. Como resultados, foram realizadas simulações da planta por meio de uma função de transferência contínua e discreta como representação matemática, obtida através de um processo de identificação realizado no pidt uner do matlab . Posteriormente, foram conduzidos testes de desempenho utilizando ferramentas como Simulink e Code Composer Studio da Texas Instruments e, após a validação de seu funcionamento, foram implementados testes de operação e corte no protótipo construído, empregando uma técnica de controle clássica.

A harrowing account of brainwashing's pervasive role in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries This gripping book traces the evolution of brainwashing from its beginnings in torture and religious conversion into the age of neuroscience and social media. When Pavlov introduced scientific approaches, his research was enthusiastically supported by Lenin and Stalin, setting the stage for major breakthroughs in tools for social, political, and religious control. Tracing these developments through many of the past century's major conflagrations, Dimsdale narrates how when World War II erupted, governments secretly raced to develop drugs for interrogation. Brainwashing returned to the spotlight during the Cold War in the hands of the North Koreans and Chinese. In response, a huge Manhattan Project of the Mind was established to study memory obliteration, indoctrination during sleep, and hallucinogens. Cults used the techniques as well. Nobel laureates, university academics, intelligence operatives, criminals, and clerics all populate this shattering and dark story-one that hasn't yet ended.