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"crocodiles"
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Hunting with crocodiles
Crocodiles are some of the craftiest hunters in the world. They lie underwater with only their eyes and nose above the surface and wait for prey to wander by. Then, in the blink of an eye, they leap forward and clamp their vice-like jaws down on the unlucky animal and drag it into the water. Readers will be amazed when they see the dazzling images of crocodiles in the wild.
Book
A float of crocodiles
Readers discover many fun facts about what life is like in a group of crocodiles and see colorful, up-close photographs of the fierce reptiles in their natural habitat.
Book
20 fun facts about crocodiles
Provides information about crocodiles, including anatomy, feeding habiabits, and behavior.
Book
Evolutionary trend of the broad-snouted crocodile from the Eocene, Early Miocene and recent ones from Egypt
Skulls are a critical part of the crocodile through which we can distinguish between the different genera and species. Most of the crocodiles which previously studied from the Eocene–Oligocene to the Miocene times in Egypt were concerned with the identification of the genus and sometimes on the species without a detailed focusing on the evolution, comparing between them and trying to determine the ancestor or the closest species of them to the living crocodile in Egypt. The only known living species of
Crocodylus
in Egypt is
Crocodylus niloticus
which inhabits Lake Nasser in Aswan, southern of Egypt. From the Cenozoic era, broad snouted crocodiles diversity had been reported in Egypt. About 35 million years ago, through the Eocene epoch, the crocodilian fossils from Fayum provided evidence of the diversity of crocodile species including
Crocodylus articeps
and
Crocodylus megarhinus
. In addition to that, throughout the Early Miocene epoch, from about 18 million years ago, in Wadi Moghra Egypt crocodilian fossils demonstrate another diversity, extended to the first appearance of
Rimasuchus lloydi
which placed inside the
Osteolaeminae
later. By various measurements and carefully morphological examination of the different species recorded from Egypt, it was found that there are high levels of variation in morphology of the skulls including their dimensions, and the sutures shapes especially between premaxilla and maxilla ventrally and also between maxilla and palatine, as well as the extension of the maxillary ramus of the ectopterygoid. Using cluster analysis, it is proven that Eocene
Crocodylus
is the ancestor to all known broad snouted species recorded from Egypt since the Eocene time. The closest species to the Eocene specimen is the living
Crocodylus
niloticus
. That in fact make that most of the broad snouted crocodiles in Egypt are endemic.
Journal Article
Three crocodilian genomes reveal ancestral patterns of evolution among archosaurs
To provide context for the diversification of archosaurs—the group that includes crocodilians, dinosaurs, and birds—we generated draft genomes of three crocodilians: Alligator mississippiensis (the American alligator), Crocodylus porosus (the saltwater crocodile), and Gavialis gangeticus (the Indian gharial). We observed an exceptionally slow rate of genome evolution within crocodilians at all levels, including nucleotide substitutions, indels, transposable element content and movement, gene family evolution, and chromosomal synteny. When placed within the context of related taxa including birds and turtles, this suggests that the common ancestor of all of these taxa also exhibited slow genome evolution and that the comparatively rapid evolution is derived in birds. The data also provided the opportunity to analyze heterozygosity in crocodilians, which indicates a likely reduction in population size for all three taxa through the Pleistocene. Finally, these data combined with newly published bird genomes allowed us to reconstruct the partial genome of the common ancestor of archosaurs, thereby providing a tool to investigate the genetic starting material of crocodilians, birds, and dinosaurs.
Journal Article