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Stress Reduction Potential in Mice Ingesting DNA from Salmon Milt
The functionality of food-derived nucleotides is revealed when nucleotide components are ingested in emergency situations, such as during stress loading, though it is difficult to elucidate the physiological function of dietary nucleotide supplementation. Using a stress load experimental system utilizing territoriality among male mice, we evaluated whether DNA sodium salt derived from salmon milt (DNA-Na) has stress-relieving effects. It was found that stress was reduced in mice fed a diet containing a 1% concentration of DNA-Na, but this was insignificant for yeast-derived RNA. Next, we attempted to elucidate the anti-stress effects of DNA-Na using another experimental system, in which mice were subjected to chronic crowding stress associated with aging: six mice in a cage were kept until they were 7 months of age, resulting in overcrowding. We compared these older mice with 2-month-old mice that were kept in groups for only one month. The results show that the expression of genes associated with hippocampal inflammation was increased in the older mice, whereas the expression of these genes was suppressed in the DNA-Na-fed group. This suggests that dietary DNA intake may suppress inflammation in the brain caused by stress, which increases with age.
Journal Article
A squash and a squeeze
With the help of an old man and all of her animals, an old lady realizes that her house is not as small as she thought it was.
Book
Walking Between Slums and Skyscrapers
The book is concerned with the effects of globalization on living space (I.e. the space of everyday life), focusing specifically on East Asian metropolises, such as Hong Kong, Tokyo, and Shanghai. Globalization has given rise to accessible catch-phrases s
eBook
Governance, performance, and capacity stress : the chronic case of prison crowding
\"Governance systems, much like humans, can sustain capacity stress over long periods of time. Whereas public policy or public management informed analysis often tends to focus on the extremes of success or failure, the more complex reality is that these systems usually neither completely excel nor completely fail in what they do, but combine both in the way they cope and perform. This book explores one archetypal case - overcrowding in the England and Wales prison system. Packed with data, it provides an original analysis of the system through an era of managerialist change. This book contributes to cutting-edge debates in the management of prisons in particular, but the wider field of public management and executive politics more generally. It introduces the new and original concept of \"chronic capacity stress\" (CCS), one which will be valuable to anyone - academics, practitioners, students alike - interested in how policy systems succeed and fail in complex and ever-changing political, economic, and social environments\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Prevalence & Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence During COVID-19: A Rapid Review
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, governments enacted a range of public health measures aimed at preventing the spread of the virus. These measures resulted in school closures, social isolation, and job loss, which all contributed to increased psychosocial stress, particularly among families with pre-existing vulnerability factors. Given the relationship between increased psychosocial stress and intimate partner violence (IPV), this rapid review investigated change in the prevalence and correlates of IPV victimization during the first six months of the pandemic. PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane COVID-19 registry were reviewed. This search resulted in 255 unique results, of which 24 studies were included. There were 19 studies that examined changes in the rate of IPV from before the COVID-19 pandemic to during the pandemic. Of the studies examining changes in the rate of IPV, 11 found a significant increase. Key vulnerability factors contributing to the increase include low socioeconomic status, unemployment, a personal or familial COVID-19 diagnosis, family mental illness, or overcrowding. Six studies examined whether the presence of children in the home was associated with IPV, but the direction of this relationship was inconsistent. This review finds preliminary evidence of a relationship between COVID-19 induced stressors, pre-existing vulnerabilities, and increased IPV, which present important implications for policy and practice.
Journal Article
Do commuters adapt to in-vehicle crowding on trains?
In-vehicle crowding on public transportation is a serious problem that transportation planners must address. Recent studies have emphasized that in-vehicle crowding impacts travelers’ stress and health, while other studies have investigated how daily travel affects subjective well-being (SWB). Based on the findings of these studies, we provide useful insights into the value of a reduction in crowding in terms of SWB. The other factor we should consider is adaptation, as the effects of travel discomfort disappear after travelers become accustomed to them. In this paper, we analyzed the direct and stress-related indirect effects of dissatisfaction with in-vehicle crowding on life satisfaction, focusing on whether these effects differ by the length of time commuters have been using trains. Using a sample of 8296 train commuters in Tokyo, we found that (1) dissatisfaction with in-vehicle crowding directly lowers life satisfaction among some groups of short-term train commuters and (2) dissatisfaction with in-vehicle crowding indirectly lowers life satisfaction through stress and health, regardless of whether commuters have used trains for more or less than one year. These results revealed the importance of focusing on the stress-related indirect effects of dissatisfaction with crowding, while direct effects on SWB exist only among some commuters. Our results demonstrated the possibility of adaptation to direct effects.
Journal Article
How our homes impact our health: using a COVID-19 informed approach to examine urban apartment housing
PurposeThe COVID-19 global health crisis is undeniably a global housing crisis. Our study focuses on quality of life in urban mid- and high-rise apartment housing, the fastest growing housing types in many cities around the world. This housing typology presents unique challenges relating to connection to nature, daylight and fresh air.Design/methodology/approachThis multi-disciplinary literature review analyzes more than 100 published papers from peer-reviewed sources from environmental psychology, building science and architecture relevant to quality of life in high-rise housing, as well as more than 40 recent newspaper and magazine articles about the possible impacts of COVID-19 on housing. We identify synergies between passive design strategies and health-promoting architecture or “restorative environmental design” principles.FindingsPost-pandemic, health-promoting apartment housing design must prioritize (1) window placement and views that support stress recovery and restoration; (2) lighting levels based on spaces that can satisfy multiple uses and users; (3) bedrooms designed for restful sleep that contribute to circadian regulation; (4) living rooms with better indoor air quality, with a focus on natural ventilation; (5) access to nature, through the purposeful design of balconies and (6) unit sizes and layouts that enable physical distancing and prevent crowding.Originality/valueWe identify new social and environmental design priorities in the form of evidence-based design principles to inform and promote healthy and restorative living environments for residents in apartment housing.
Journal Article
Psychological Well-Being Among Nursing Staff in an Emergency Department: A Mixed-Methods Study
Emergency departments worldwide are faced with in-hospital crowding and fast-paced admissions, creating an increasingly high workload for health care personnel. In recent years, emergency departments have also experienced an increase in emergency admissions, resulting in burdened workplaces. This has led to debates about nurses’ work environment and mental well-being. This study aimed to gain knowledge on the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as insight into the factors influencing the mental well-being of the nursing staff in a Danish emergency department.
This is a mixed-methods study with an explanatory sequential design. A questionnaire (the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale – 21 Items) was sent to nursing staff (N = 146) in a large emergency department in the Region of Southern Denmark. Afterward, a smaller sample participated in semistructured interviews. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Mann–Whitney U test, and the chi-square test. In the qualitative part, a thematic analysis was performed.
Completed surveys were received from 78 nursing staff (53.4%). Overall, the nursing staff reported severe to extremely severe levels of depression (14.1%), anxiety (23.1%), or stress (47.2%) within a week before completing the survey. Higher levels of psychological distress were significantly associated with fewer years of clinical experience and having previously experienced or received treatment for depression, anxiety, or stress. Ten staff members later volunteered to participate in the interviews. The qualitative results formed 3 themes: (1) high work pace and responsibility, (2) professional community and nursing identity, and (3) culture with an increased focus on mental well-being.
The nursing staff reported high mental strain, especially in the forms of high stress and anxiety levels. They explained that their mental health was affected by overcrowding, a pressured work environment, and lack of resources.
Journal Article