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In recent years, vegetable production has been in the transitional stage from traditional cultivation mode to modern cultivation mode. Therefore, evaluating the actual productivity and economic benefits of different cultivation modes is instructive for leafy vegetable production. This research chose a vegetable production company (Shanghai, China) as a demonstration case to cultivate various leaf vegetables under different cultivation modes (hydroponic, substrate, and soil cultivation). By investigating the yield and quality of vegetables, as well as all production costs and selling prices, we drive a comparative evaluation of comprehensive features and economic benefits of different cultivation modes. The results showed that leafy vegetables cultivated by hydroponic mode gain the highest fresh weight at the early growth stage, but the greatest unit yield (0.98~1.21 kg·m−2) emerged under the soil cultivation mode. Vegetables grown under substrate mode had the best comprehensive quality with high soluble solids content and low nitrate content. The unit costs of the soilless cultivation modes (8.26~10.3 CNY·m−2) were 3–4-fold higher than that of soil cultivation, mainly due to the high fixed costs and input costs, especially for substrate mode. According to actual prices, the soil cultivation mode had the highest economic benefits as a whole (4.83~8.83 CNY·m−2), and only hydroponic cabbage which had comparable yield gained considerable benefits (8.94 CNY·m−2). Quality-based pricing scheme can make substrate mode achieve profitability. The pricing scheme that guarantees a 40% revenue is within acceptable limits for consumers. Based on this actual production case, it can be concluded that a low unit yield of hydroponic mode and a high unit cost of substrate mode are the predominant factors affecting their profitability and economic viability.

Background Continuous cropping of ginseng ( Panax ginseng Meyer) cultivated in farmland for an extended period gives rise to soil-borne disease. The change in soil microbial composition is a major cause of soil-borne diseases and an obstacle to continuous cropping. The impact of cultivation modes and ages on the diversity and composition of the P. ginseng rhizosphere microbial community and technology suitable for cropping P. ginseng in farmland are still being explored. Methods Amplicon sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes and fungal ITS regions were analyzed for microbial community composition and diversity. Results The obtained sequencing data were reasonable for estimating soil microbial diversity. We observed significant variations in richness, diversity, and relative abundances of microbial taxa between farmland, deforestation field, and different cultivation years. The bacterial communities of LCK (forest soil where P. ginseng was not grown) had a much higher richness and diversity than those in NCK (farmland soil where P. ginseng was not grown). The increase in cultivation years of P. ginseng in farmland and deforestation field significantly changed the diversity of soil microbial communities. In addition, the accumulation of P. ginseng soil-borne pathogens ( Monographella cucumerina , Ilyonectria mors - panacis , I. robusta , Fusarium solani , and Nectria ramulariae ) varied with the cropping age of P. ginseng . Conclusion Soil microbial diversity and function were significantly poorer in farmland than in the deforestation field and were affected by P. ginseng planting years. The abundance of common soil-borne pathogens of P. ginseng increased with the cultivation age and led to an imbalance in the microbial community.

Microbial fermentations are widely used for the production of chemicals used as pharmaceuticals, food ingredients, materials, solvents, and biofuels.Technoeconomic analysis of a given fermentation process is important to perform before scaling the process to levels that enable commercial production.Titer, rate, and yield (TRY) of the fermentation process are key metrics that are used for technoeconomic analysis.TRY metrics have different impacts on the technoeconomic analysis, and it is important to be aware of these differences. Microbial fermentations offer the opportunity to produce a wide range of chemicals in a sustainable fashion, but it is important to carefully evaluate the production costs. This can be done on the basis of evaluation of the titer, rate, and yield (TRY) of the fermentation process. Here we describe how the three TRY metrics impact the technoeconomics of a microbial fermentation process, and we illustrate the use of these for evaluation of different processes in the production of two commodity chemicals, 1,3-propanediol (PDO) and ethanol, as well as for the fine chemical penicillin. On the basis of our discussions, we provide some recommendations on how the TRY metrics should be reported when new processes are described. Microbial fermentations offer the opportunity to produce a wide range of chemicals in a sustainable fashion, but it is important to carefully evaluate the production costs. This can be done on the basis of evaluation of the titer, rate, and yield (TRY) of the fermentation process. Here we describe how the three TRY metrics impact the technoeconomics of a microbial fermentation process, and we illustrate the use of these for evaluation of different processes in the production of two commodity chemicals, 1,3-propanediol (PDO) and ethanol, as well as for the fine chemical penicillin. On the basis of our discussions, we provide some recommendations on how the TRY metrics should be reported when new processes are described.

Biodiesel from microalgae provides a promising alternative for biofuel production. Microalgae can be produced under three major cultivation modes, namely photoautotrophic cultivation, heterotrophic cultivation, and mixotrophic cultivation. Potentials and practices of biodiesel production from microalgae have been demonstrated mostly focusing on photoautotrophic cultivation; mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae for biodiesel production has rarely been reviewed. This paper summarizes the mechanisms and virtues of mixotrophic microalgae cultivation through comparison with other major cultivation modes. Influencing factors of microalgal biodiesel production under mixotrophic cultivation are presented, development of combining microalgal biodiesel production with wastewater treatment is especially reviewed, and bottlenecks and strategies for future commercial production are also identified.

Morels are one of the most highly prized edible and medicinal mushrooms worldwide. Therefore, historically, there has been a large international interest in their cultivation. Numerous ecological, physiological, genetic, taxonomic, and mycochemical studies have been previously developed. At the beginning of this century, China finally achieved artificial cultivation and started a high-scale commercial development in 2012. Due to its international interest, its cultivation scale and area expanded rapidly in this country. However, along with the massive industrial scale, a number of challenges, including the maintenance of steady economic profits, arise. In order to contribute to the solution of these challenges, formal research studying selection, species recognition, strain aging, mating type structure, life cycle, nutrient metabolism, growth and development, and multi-omics has recently been boosted. This paper focuses on discussing current morel cultivation technologies, the industrial status of cultivation in China, and the relevance of basic biological research, including, e.g., the study of strain characteristics, species breeding, mating type structure, and microbial interactions. The main challenges related to the morel cultivation industry on a large scale are also analyzed. It is expected that this review will promote a steady global development of the morel industry based on permanent and robust basic scientific knowledge.

Starting from the basic principles of talent cultivation mode, this paper proposes a reform strategy to optimize the talent cultivation mode of environmental design with the help of intelligent technology in order to improve the quality of talent cultivation and achieve the “first-class” level for the current talent cultivation mode of environmental design majors. The necessity of an intelligent database in environmental design teaching is analyzed, and the improved TF-IDF algorithm and automatic classification algorithm of resources are proposed to improve the search for teaching resources for environmental design majors. Then, based on the query, the teaching resource recommendation model (UBM) is proposed. An algorithmic comparison between the improved TF-IDF method and the UBM model is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the improved algorithmic model. Combining the traditional talent training model results with the intelligent technology-assisted talent training model results for independent samples of the T-value test. T-value test results show that the F-value is 0.317, the Sig-value is 0.782>0.05, and the significance corresponding to the ANOVA t-test value is 0.009<0.05. It indicates that there is a significant difference in the final examination results for environmental design in the classes of the experimental and control groups. It means that after one semester of intelligent technology-assisted teaching practice, the professional performance of environmental design students improves, which contributes to the cultivation of first-class professional talents. The use of an intelligent database can be one of the effective ways of cultivating talent.

In order to boost the innovation and improvement of talent cultivation practice in colleges and universities, the talent cultivation model of integrated intelligent technology and industry-teaching integration is proposed. Based on the research purpose of talent cultivation, the questionnaire was designed after reliability and validity calibration. The model of this paper was validated and analyzed by using an independent sample t-test. After analysis, it was found that this paper’s model has a significant difference in both student performance and talent cultivation quality (P<0.05), while the traditional model does not have a significant difference (P>0.05). It is concluded that compared with the traditional talent cultivation model, the talent cultivation model designed in this paper with integrated intelligent technology and industry-teaching fusion has a more significant enhancement effect, and it has a significant promotion effect on the innovation and quality of talent cultivation practice in colleges and universities.

Addressing the challenges of integrating industry and education, this research unveils a knowledge monitoring model aimed at refining the talent cultivation process, particularly in higher trade colleges and universities in China. The “2+1” model is developed in response to issues such as ineffective teaching practices, an abundance of practical courses without depth, and weak university-industry collaboration. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the talent cultivation demand and integration policies, this model employs a multi-scale integration network to foster a meaningful fusion of industry and education. Through case study evaluation, a strong positive correlation (0.727, significant at the 0.01 level) between overall satisfaction and the accomplishment of skills cultivation highlights the model’s effectiveness. This contribution not only advances our understanding of talent development in vocational education but also has significant implications for the broader application of industry-education collaborative models.

This paper summarizes the characteristics and needs of art design talent training in colleges and universities under the rural revitalization policy and constructs the art talent training model under the concept of rural revitalization from the five dimensions of professionalism, nurturing, practice, assessment and regulation. Comprehensive rural revitalization policy and art design professional talent cultivation objectives, the design of the questionnaire, the questionnaire for the reliability test, followed by the formal distribution of the questionnaire, to obtain the data of the research satisfaction analysis, professional design data is derived from the scale test. The independent sample t-test is used to verify the effectiveness of the talent training mode in this paper. After analysis, it was concluded that there is a significant difference between the traditional training mode and the training mode of this paper in the students’ professional skills, P<0.05. In addition, the satisfaction rate of art design majors in the training mode of this paper is 49.5%. This paper aims to improve the integration of rural revitalization policy and art design talent cultivation in vocational colleges, thus laying the foundation for the development of art design talents.

Microbial lipids have recently attracted attention as an intriguing alternative for the biodiesel and oleochemical industries to achieve sustainable energy generation. However, large-scale lipid production remains limited due to the high processing costs. As multiple variables affect lipid synthesis, an up-to-date overview that will benefit researchers studying microbial lipids is necessary. In this review, the most studied keywords from bibliometric studies are first reviewed. Based on the results, the hot topics in the field were identified to be associated with microbiology studies that aim to enhance lipid synthesis and reduce production costs, focusing on the biological and metabolic engineering involved. The research updates and tendencies of microbial lipids were then analyzed in depth. In particular, feedstock and associated microbes, as well as feedstock and corresponding products, were analyzed in detail. Strategies for lipid biomass enhancement were also discussed, including feedstock adoption, value-added product synthesis, selection of oleaginous microbes, cultivation mode optimization, and metabolic engineering strategies. Finally, the environmental implications of microbial lipid production and possible research directions were presented.