Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
26,982
result(s) for
"cultural control"
Sort by:
Environmental management for collections : alternative conservation strategies for hot and humid climates
\"A practical guide to the conservation of museum and other cultural heritage collections in hot and humid climates\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Implementing sanitation practices against the hibiscus bud weevil Anthonomus testaceosquamosus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
The hibiscus bud weevil,
Linell (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is an invasive pest of tropical hibiscus,
L. (Malvaceae). While chemical and biological control alternatives have been identified, the viability of cultural control through sanitation (collecting and destroying dropped buds where larvae complete development) remains to be explored. The impact of adult hibiscus bud weevil infestation on flower bud abortion was studied in a greenhouse. Plants were infested with one mating pair of adult weevils, with non-infested plants as controls. Actively growing buds and dropped buds were counted weekly for four weeks. A subsequent shade house experiment evaluated the effect of sanitation on plant productivity. Groups of ten plants in a tunnel tent were infested with ten hibiscus bud weevil adult mating pairs per tent. Treatments included sanitation (weekly collection of dropped buds for eight weeks) and a no sanitation control. Five actively growing buds per tent were collected in search of eggs and larvae, while counts of actively growing buds and open flowers were recorded per plant. To identify efficient sanitation methods, the time required to remove fallen buds using three methods (manual, vacuum, and blower) was estimated. Hibiscus bud weevil infestation, using two adult weevils per plant, led to a 16-fold increase in bud abortion compared to non-infested plants. Sanitation reduced the proportion of dropped buds by 22 %, while no sanitation plants showed more actively growing buds, suggesting overcompensation in response to abortion. The vacuum method was the most efficient bud removal method tested. Sanitation can be an effective, practical, and complementary measure to reduce hibiscus bud weevil infestation in commercial nurseries.
Journal Article
Cultural Control of Giant Sugarcane Borer, Telchin licus (Lepidoptera: Castniidae), by Soil Mounding to Impede Adult Emergence
The giant sugarcane borer, Telchin licus (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Castniidae), also known as the banana stem borer, is an economically important pest of sugarcane in eastern Colombia. The presence of larval and pupal stages within stalks makes biological control of this pest difficult, and growers often resort to insecticide applications. Hilling up the soil around the base of plants, or soil mounding, is a cultural practice sometimes used to improve rooting in sugarcane. Because mature larvae cut holes in stalks close to ground level through which they can emerge as an adult, we hypothesized that soil mounding would impede adult emergence, and thus contribute to population reduction. Two experiments were conducted in fields with significant infestations of this pest in Puerto López, Meta, Colombia, during the seasons of adult emergence in this region (Apr–May and Oct–Nov). Manual mounding of soil to a height of 20 cm was tested in the first trial, and mechanized mounding of soil in the second, which also compared 2 mounding heights (10 and 20 cm). In both cases, 2 m row transects of plants were caged to collect emergent adults. Adult emergence was reduced up to 65% in all mounding treatments, whether manual or mechanical, and regardless of mounding height, demonstrating that this cultural practice could be a useful tactic for inclusion in an integrated management program for this pest. However, as with any other cultural practice in pest management, region-wide implementation likely would be required to impact local population densities, and efficacy will depend further on low levels of moth immigration from alternative host plants.
Journal Article
Caficultura, conservación y turismo en la Sierra Madre (México): una mirada desde el control cultural
En este documento se analiza, desde la teoría del control cultural, la capacidad de decisión de un grupo de caficultores para participar en procesos que buscan vincularlos al proyecto de conservación del Área Natural Protegida en la que habitan. Esta capacidad está sujeta a un contexto específico que ha favorecido, más que su aceptación, su integración del proyecto de conservación en la cultura del grupo, lo cual se evidencia en la construcción de una operación turística propia. La investigación fue realizada mediante un estudio de caso situado en la Reserva de la Biósfera “El Triunfo” (México) entre 2019 y 2020.
Journal Article
Applying Rawls in the twenty-first century : race, gender, the drug war, and the right to die
\"John Rawls was the most influential political thinker of the twentieth century. This book applies his theory of justice to four perennial matters of concern that remain contested in the twenty-first century. Drawing surprising implications, this book deepens our understanding of these issues and points the way toward rational, just policy reform\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
A total system approach to sustainable pest management
A fundamental shift to a total system approach for crop protection is urgently needed to resolve escalating economic and environmental consequences of combating agricultural pests. Pest management strategies have long been dominated by quests for \"silver bullet\" products to control pest outbreaks. However, managing undesired variables in ecosystems is similar to that for other systems, including the human body and social orders. Experience in these fields substantiates the fact that therapeutic interventions into any system are effective only for short term relief because these externalities are soon \"neutralized\" by countermoves within the system. Long term resolutions can be achieved only by restructuring and managing these systems in ways that maximize the array of \"built-in\" preventive strengths, with therapeutic tactics serving strictly as backups to these natural regulators. To date, we have failed to incorporate this basic principle into the mainstream of pest management science and continue to regress into a foot race with nature. In this report, we establish why a total system approach is essential as the guiding premise of pest management and provide arguments as to how earlier attempts for change and current mainstream initiatives generally fail to follow this principle. We then draw on emerging knowledge about multitrophic level interactions and other specific findings about management of ecosystems to propose a pivotal redirection of pest management strategies that would honor this principle and, thus, be sustainable. Finally, we discuss the potential immense benefits of such a central shift in pest management philosophy
Journal Article
Spatially explicit bioeconomic model for weed management in cereals: validation and evaluation of management strategies
Spatially explicit weed population models are very useful to explore long‐term weed management scenarios. The economic implications of the management practices have been rarely considered in those models. Their inclusion could enhance weed management decisions. A bioeconomic spatially explicit model was developed and validated using field data. The model integrated a weed population submodel, a weed–crop competition submodel and an economic analysis. It was employed to evaluate long‐term management strategies to control Lolium rigidum Gaudin, a troublesome weed infesting cereals in Mediterranean climates. A total of eleven individual and integrated management strategies, including cultural and chemical control, were evaluated. The predicted and observed distributions of population growth rates were similar for the four experimental plots used in the validation. One plot was fully validated with most proposed validation methods, while in the remaining plots, the predicted growth rates, in general, underestimated the observed growth rates. Our results showed that most individual management programmes were worse at controlling L. rigidum populations than integrated management ones. The programmes integrating cultural control strategies and herbicide at its full rate achieved the best long‐term control. However, other strategies that were not as efficient at decreasing weed densities were more profitable economically, such as herbicide application at full rate. Economic returns were negative in all the strategies simulated. A sensitivity analysis showed that the seed bank and the economic outcomes were especially sensitive to fecundity and to the control exerted by management. Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that the use of herbicide and low‐input cultural control methods or full‐dose herbicide applications are the most economically efficient strategies controlling L. rigidum populations. However, cultural control methods are not recommended as the only management strategies. Herbicide applications at full doses are preferable to applications at low doses, producing more successful weed control and, generally, less economic losses. The spatially explicit bioeconomic model developed has proved to be useful evaluating long‐term weed management strategies in dry land cereal agrosystems. This kind of model would enhance weed management decisions for farmers based on an economic as well as an agronomic point of view.
Journal Article
Metabolic-based insecticide resistance mechanism and ecofriendly approaches for controlling of beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua: a review
The beet army worm,
Spodoptera exigua
, is a widely distributed polyphagous pest of economically important crops worldwide. The management of this pest insect continues to face many challenges. Despite synthetic chemicals posing a serious threat to the environment, these remain the conventional approach for controlling
S. exigua
in the field. An over-reliance on chemical control has not only led to selection for resistance to insecticides and to a reduction of natural enemies, but has also polluted various components of ecosystem. Given these increasing pressures on the ecosystem, there is a need to implement integrated pest management (IPM) approaches exploiting a wider range of tools (biotechnological approaches, microbial control, biological control, cultural control, and use of host plant resistance) for an alternative to chemical control. The IPM approach can not only reduce the hazard of chemical residues in the environment and associated health problems, but may also provide best strategies to control insect pests. This review synthesizes published information on insecticide resistance of
S. exigua
and explores alternative IPM approaches to control
S. exigua
.
Journal Article