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High-voltage direct-current transmission : converters, systems and DC grids
This comprehensive reference guides the reader through all HVDC technologies, including LCC (Line Commutated Converter), 2-level VSC and VSC HVDC based on modular multilevel converters (MMC) for an in-depth understanding of converters, system level design, operating principles and modeling. Written in a tutorial style, the book also describes the key principles of design, control, protection and operation of DC transmission grids, which will be substantially different from the practice with AC transmission grids. The first dedicated reference to the latest HVDC technologies and DC grid developments; this is an essential resource for graduate students and researchers as well as engineers and professionals working on the design, modeling and operation of DC grids and HVDC. Key features: Provides comprehensive coverage of LCC, VSC and (half and full bridge) MMC-based VSC technologies and DC transmission grids. Presents phasor and dynamic analytical models for each HVDC technology and DC grids. Includes HVDC protection, studies of DC and AC faults, as well as system-level studies of AC-DC interactions and impact on AC grids for each HVDC technology. Companion website hosts SIMULINK SimPowerSystems models with examples for all HVDC topologies.
eBook
Design, Control, and Application of Modular Multilevel Converters for HVDC Transmission Systems
<p><i>Design, Control and Application of Modular Multilevel Converters for HVDC Transmission Systems </i>is a comprehensive guide to semiconductor technologies applicable for MMC design, component sizing control, modulation, and application of the MMC technology for HVDC transmission.</p> <p>Separated into three distinct parts, the first offers an overview of MMC technology, including information on converter component sizing, Control and Communication, Protection and Fault Management, and Generic Modelling and Simulation. The second covers the applications of MMC in offshore WPP, including planning, technical and economic requirements and optimization options, fault management, dynamic and transient stability. Finally, the third chapter explores the applications of MMC in HVDC transmission and Multi Terminal configurations, including Supergrids.</p> <p>Key features:</p> <ul> <li>Unique coverage of the offshore application and optimization of MMC-HVDC schemes for the export of offshore wind energy to the mainland.</li> <li>Comprehensive explanation of MMC application in HVDC and MTDC transmission technology.</li> <li>Detailed description of MMC components, control and modulation, different modeling approaches, converter dynamics under steady-state and fault contingencies including application and housing of MMC in HVDC schemes for onshore and offshore.</li> <li>Analysis of DC fault detection and protection technologies, system studies required for the integration of HVDC terminals to offshore wind power plants, and commissioning procedures for onshore and offshore HVDC terminals.</li> <li>A set of self-explanatory simulation models for HVDC test cases is available to download from the companion website.</li> </ul> <p>This book provides essential reading for graduate students and researchers, as well as field engineers and professionals who require an in-depth understanding of MMC technology.</p> <div> </div>
eBook
Home-based transcranial direct current stimulation treatment for major depressive disorder: a fully remote phase 2 randomized sham-controlled trial
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been proposed as a new treatment in major depressive disorder (MDD). This is a fully remote, multisite, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized superiority trial of 10-week home-based tDCS in MDD. Participants were 18 years or older, with MDD in current depressive episode of at least moderate severity as measured using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (mean = 19.07 ± 2.73). A total of 174 participants (120 women, 54 men) were randomized to active (
n
= 87, mean age = 37.09 ± 11.14 years) or sham (
n
= 87, mean age = 38.32 ± 10.92 years) treatment. tDCS consisted of five sessions per week for 3 weeks then three sessions per week for 7 weeks in a 10-week trial, followed by a 10-week open-label phase. Each session lasted 30 min; the anode was placed over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the cathode over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (active tDCS 2 mA and sham tDCS 0 mA, with brief ramp up and down to mimic active stimulation). As the primary outcome, depressive symptoms showed significant improvement when measured using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale: active 9.41 ± 6.25 point improvement (10-week mean = 9.58 ± 6.02) and sham 7.14 ± 6.10 point improvement (10-week mean = 11.66 ± 5.96) (95% confidence interval = 0.51–4.01,
P
= 0.012). There were no differences in discontinuation rates. In summary, a 10-week home-based tDCS treatment with remote supervision in MDD showed high efficacy, acceptability and safety. ClinicalTrials.gov registration:
NCT05202119
A randomized, sham-controlled, superiority trial of a 10-week course of home-based transcranial direct current stimulation found greater improvements in depressive symptoms with active compared to sham stimulation in major depressive disorder.
Journal Article
High performance control of AC drives with MATLAB/Simulink models
A comprehensive guide to understanding AC machines with exhaustive simulation models to practice design and control Nearly seventy percent of the electricity generated worldwide is used by electrical motors.
eBook
Trial of Electrical Direct-Current Therapy versus Escitalopram for Depression
Electrical direct-current stimulation applied to the cranium was not shown to be noninferior to escitalopram for major depression. Direct current and escitalopram were superior to placebo, but the electrical treatment was associated with adverse events, including mania.
Major depressive disorder is a highly prevalent condition.
1
There is interest in the effectiveness and safety of new and nonpharmacologic treatments for depression. In 2009, transcranial magnetic stimulation was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of major depressive disorder.
2
The procedure has had mixed results in various trials,
3
is associated with a small risk of seizure,
4
and is costly.
Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain-stimulation technique that is less costly than transcranial magnetic stimulation and has not been associated with seizures.
5
In this procedure, weak, direct current is applied through electrodes that are placed . . .
Journal Article