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Brain tumors represent the second most frequent etiology in patients with focal seizure onset before 18 years of age and submitted to epilepsy surgery. Hence, this category of brain tumors, herein defined as low-grade, developmental, epilepsy-associated brain tumors (LEAT) is different from those frequently encountered in adults as (A): 77% of LEAT occur in the temporal lobe; (B): the vast majority of LEAT are of low malignancy and classified as WHO I°; (C): LEAT are often composed of mixed glial and neuronal cell components and present with variable growth patterns including small cysts or nodules; (D): LEAT do not share common gene driving mutations, such as IDH1 or 1p/19q co-deletions. Characteristic entities comprise the ganglioglioma (GG), the dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT), the angiocentric glioma (AG), the isomorphic diffuse glioma (IDG) and the papillary glio-neuronal tumor (PGNT), representing 73.2% of 1680 tumors collected in a large German series of 6747 patients submitted to epilepsy surgery. In the realm of exciting discoveries of genetic drivers of brain tumors new genes have been also reported for LEAT. BRAF V600E mutations were linked to GG with CD34 expression, FGFR1 mutations to DNT, MYB alterations to AG and also IDG and PRKCA fusions to PGNT, suggesting the possibility to also develop a genetically driven tumor classification scheme for LEAT. Rare availability of LEAT in a single center is a challenging obstacle, however, to systematically unravel the neurobiological nature and clinical behavior of LEAT. Other challenges in need of clarification include malignant tumor progression of LEAT entities, seizure relapse in patients following bulk tumor resection and the controversial issue of associated focal cortical dysplasia as additional pathomechanism. In order to advance our understanding and promote reliable diagnostic work-up of LEAT, we recommend, therefore, international collaboration to achieve our goals.

Background Jaw cysts are a diverse group of intraosseous lesions commonly encountered in oral and maxillofacial pathologies. Several studies have addressed their distribution and clinicopathological features; however, further large-scale analyses using standardized classification systems may enhance cross-regional comparability and diagnostic consistency. We aimed to evaluate the demographic and anatomical characteristics of jaw cysts over an almost 50-year period. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 19,352 histologically confirmed jaw cysts diagnosed between 1975 and 2024. Each case was reclassified according to the 2022 WHO classifications for head and neck tumors. Patient age, sex, cyst type, and anatomical location data were collected and descriptively analyzed to identify trends across different cyst categories. Results Odontogenic cysts comprised the majority of cases. Radicular cysts were the most common, followed by dentigerous cysts and odontogenic keratocysts. Non-odontogenic cysts mainly consisted of surgical ciliated cysts and nasopalatine duct cysts. Bone cysts (simple bone cysts and aneurysmal bone cysts), which lack an epithelial lining and were therefore analyzed separately, were infrequent. A male predominance was observed overall, with sex- and age-related patterns differing according to cyst type. Mandibular involvement was more common than maxillary involvement, and several cysts showed specific anatomical predilections. These findings highlight distinct demographic and anatomical characteristics across cyst categories. Conclusions This large retrospective study provides a detailed epidemiological profile of jaw cysts. The findings revealed distinct patterns according to cyst type, age, sex, and anatomical site, providing a valuable reference for diagnostic refinement and future comparative studies of oral and maxillofacial pathology.

Introduction/BackgroundThe processus vaginalis is an invagination of the parietal peritoneum that descends anterior to the gubernaculum and is shorter in females than in males. The superior part of the processus vaginalis obliterates at or soon before birth, and this obliteration continues caudally until the entire structure vanishes during the first year of life. When there is a partial or total failure of obliteration of this processus vaginalis, the canal of Nuck forms as a potential space.MethodologyWe present the case of a 39-year-old woman was referred to our gynaecological department with the diagnosis of a Bartholin’s cyst. Three years ago she had undergone surgery for the same diagnosis, complicated with important hematoma. The patient presented with a painless vulval swelling, that gradually became conspicuous, bothering his sexual activity.ResultsOn physical examination, a soft fluctuant sausage-shaped mass was found, measuring approximately 5 cm, extending to the all labia majora. There were no signs of infection or inflammation and the overlying skin had no lesions. Ultrasound revealed a well-defined hypoechoic elongated mass with 4.5 cm of long axis, septated, extending into labia majora. Sonographic findings were consisting with the diagnosis of a cyst of the canal of Nuck and treatment choices were discussed with the patient. She opted for surgical excision to avoid the possibility of a recurrence associated with aspiration treatment.Abstract #1080 Figure 1ConclusionThe cysts of Canal of Nuck encompass various differential diagnoses, including lymph node, cyst, inguinal hernia, infection/abscess, inguinal gonad, endometriosis, benign tumors, and neoplasia. A thorough understanding of these masses’ anatomy, clinical presentation, and imaging characteristics can help avoid misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. Surgical intervention is considered the gold standard for managing symptomatic masses in the canal of Nuck. In some cases, conservative management with close observation may be appropriate, especially in asymptomatic or low-risk lesions.DisclosuresNo disclosures

Abstract Objectives Peritoneal mesothelial cysts have been reported under various terms, including benign cystic mesothelioma, usually in the form of case reports/series, whereas extraperitoneal cases are rarely reported. Our objective was to report the detailed characteristics of cystic lesions of the serosal cavities. Methods We retrospectively examined the clinicopathologic findings of a series of mesothelial cystic lesions (n = 79). Results Most cases (n = 68, 86%) concerned the peritoneum, whereas 11 (14%) concerned the pericardium. No pleural cases were found. A total of 51 (64.5%) lesions were solitary, whereas 28 (35.5%) were multiple. Peritoneal lesions harbored a plump eosinophilic mesothelium and a loose connective stroma, whereas pericardial lesions showed a cuboidal/flattened mesothelium, collagenous stroma, intense inflammation, and other tissue types, like adipose and muscle tissue. Solitary peritoneal lesions are usually extrapelvic and found in older patients incidentally during other surgeries, whereas multiple lesions are found in younger patients and usually in the pelvis. The lesions show a benign clinical course with rare recurrences but no malignant transformation. Conclusions Most mesothelial cysts are peritoneal and rarely pericardial. Peritoneal cysts differ from pericardial cysts. Peritoneal solitary lesions differ from multiple lesions, also suggesting their pathogenetic differences.