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This study opens a critical perspective on the slow death of socialism and the rebirth of capitalism in the world's most dynamic and populous country. Based on remarkable fieldwork and extensive interviews in Chinese textile, apparel, machinery, and household appliance factories, Against the Law finds a rising tide of labor unrest mostly hidden from the world's attention. Providing a broad political and economic analysis of this labor struggle together with fine-grained ethnographic detail, the book portrays the Chinese working class as workers' stories unfold in bankrupt state factories and global sweatshops, in crowded dormitories and remote villages, at street protests as well as in quiet disenchantment with the corrupt officialdom and the fledgling legal system.

The Dagong Brine Well, the earliest man-made brine well in record, located in Zigong, Sichuan, China, had the construction and facilities mainly made of bamboo, wood and stone that are eroded easily by halophiles colonizing in the brine of the well. To better preserve this historic placemark, we initiated an investigation on the microbial community and the diversity of the halophilic bacteria in the brine of Dagong well for the first time. A total of 112 aerobic halophile strains were isolated and characterized according to their phenotype, cellular fatty acids composition and 16S rRNA. Furthermore, the intra specific phylogeny of closely related strains was also screened by PCR fragment length polymorphism of 16S-23S ribosomal RNA intergenic spacer regions (ISR). The result showed that the halophilic isolates found in current study were closely related to the following genera: Planococcus, Halomonas, Halobacillus, Oceanobacillus and Virgibacillus, a lineage of the domain Bacteria. Halomonas and Halobacillus were the dominant genera as represents 27% and 40% of the total isolates, respectively. The distribution of other genera was as follows: Oceanobacillus (18%), Virgibacillus (10%) and Planococcus (5%). The ISR analysis disclosed variation of banding pattern in some isolates related to Oceanobacillus and Halobacillus which was observed with phenotypic and physiological characterizations as well. It was clear that these halophiles have adapted to the special man-made hypersaline environment by the basic physiological evolution during phylogenesis and thus resulted in phenotypic and genotypic diversity in the Dagong Brine Well.

Metagenomic DNA libraries constructed from the Dagong Ancient Brine Well were screened for genes with Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter activity on the antiporter-deficient Escherichia coli KNabc strain. One clone with a stable Na⁺-resistant phenotype was obtained and its Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter gene was sequenced and designated as m-nha. The deduced amino acid sequence of M-Nha protein consists of 523 residues with a calculated molecular weight of 58 147 Da and a pI of 5.50, which is homologous with NhaH from Halobacillus dabanensis D-8T (92%) and Halobacillus aidingensis AD-6T (86%), and with Nhe2 from Bacillus sp. NRRL B-14911 (64%). It had a hydropathy profile with 10 putative transmembrane domains and a long carboxyl terminal hydrophilic tail of 140 amino acid residues, similar to Nhap from Synechocystis sp. and Aphanothece halophytica, as well as NhaG from Bacillus subtilis. The m-nha gene in the antiporter-negative mutant E. coli KNabc conferred resistance to Na⁺ and the ability to grow under alkaline conditions. The difference in amino acid sequence and the putative secondary structure suggested that the m-nha isolated from the Dagong Ancient Brine Well in this study was a novel Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter gene.

The strikes that shook the factories of the Pearl River Delta in 2010 revealed the emergence of a new generation of workers of peasant origin. Better educated and more demanding than their parents, they used new communication techniques to launch a movement that borrowed from the protest repertoire developed over the last decade. Despite this, it cannot really be said that a social movement has emerged.

Based on the advertisements in the Dagong bao 大公報, this article first attempts to understand the concept of weisheng 衛生 as promoted by advertisers, arguing that during the first decade of the twentieth century, when social reformers had already used this old Chinese term to translate the Western concept of hygiene and associated it with public health programs and a stronger state, the general public as consumers in Tianjin continued to understand the concept according to its traditional meaning of “guarding life.” However, new ideas, such as disease-causing germs, cleanliness, and odor, were grafted on to this old weisheng concept as a result of strong Western influence. Still, Chinese “weisheng” differed from Western “hygiene” even in the context of private health, as foreign ideas were often transformed drastically to fit into the Chinese medical tradition. The second part of this article further explores the consumption activities involving products that were associated with the weisheng concept and discusses three questions: What did weisheng products include? Who were the consumers of weisheng products? And what kind of role did gender play in weisheng consumption?

[[Liao]] Yes, this is a really very serious concern of us - that means different organizations in Hong Kong. Mr [Zhao Dagong] arrived yesterday at the border with two of his colleagues. All three of them are members of our Independent Chinese PEN Centre. And these two other gentlemen are allowed to enter into Hong Kong, but Mr Zhao's entry has been denied. And we can think of the reason. Mr Zhao has been under the government's surveillance since months. While the reason you have mentioned already, he is operating a Chinese-language website and some of the articles which have been published on the website are not really so welcomed by the Chinese authorities.

This chapter applies to many fuels or carbonaceous matters, such as coal, biomass, shale oil and garbage, and particularly deals with coal pyrolysis. It summarizes a few recent works on investigating new pyrolysis reactors in terms of their design principles, verification methods, and performance characteristics. These mainly included the moving bed with internals, multistage fluidized bed (FB), and solid heat carrier FB and downer developed in Institute of Process Engineering (IPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences. The chapter highlights the working principle and development status of the so‐called DaGong (DG) pyrolysis technology to typify the solid heat carrier fixed bed pyrolyzer. The well‐referred pyrolysis reactor included the special designed rotating pan of the liquid from coal (LFC) process using hot gas as the heating carrier and the multistage FB process called COED using char gasification gas as the heating medium.