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One problem in incremental product development is that geometric models are limited in their ability to explore radical alternative design variants. In this publication, a function modeling approach is suggested to increase the amount and variety of explored alternatives, since function models (FM) provide greater model flexibility. An enhanced function-means (EF-M) model capable of representing the constraints of the design space as well as alternative designs is created through a reverse engineering process. This model is then used as a basis for the development of a new product variant. This work describes the EF-M model's capabilities for representing the design space and integrating novel solutions into the existing product structure and explains how these capabilities support the exploration of alternative design variants. First-order analyses are executed, and the EF-M model is used to capture and represent already existing design information for further analyses. Based on these findings, a design space exploration approach is developed. It positions the FM as a connection between legacy and novel designs and, through this, allows for the exploration of more diverse product concepts. This approach is based on three steps – decomposition, design, and embodiment – and builds on the capabilities of EF-M to model alternative solutions for different requirements. While the embodiment step of creating the novel product's geometry is still a topic for future research, the design space exploration concept can be used to enable wider, more methodological, and potentially automated design space exploration.

This study investigates the effects of the description of design concepts and the ease of anticipating how to use products on users’ subjective evaluation before use. The findings of this study contribute to considerations of a method of value transmission to be used to enhance the anticipated UX. Usefulness, usableness, desirableness, and willingness to use were compared among four conditions with different levels of value evaluation structure (product attributes, functional benefits, emotional benefits, essential value). The results reveal that the participants experienced a greater expectation of product attributes when they more easily imagined using them. On the other hand, participants felt a high expectation of emotional benefit when they found it difficult to anticipate how to use a product.

The scope of the work involves reinforced concrete frame structures with variations in structural design conception for columns with biaxial bending or uniaxial bending. The beams are designed with simple bending criteria for singly or doubly reinforced beams, or uniaxial bending. The analysis and design criteria are according to NBR 6118:2014. Structure analysis in elastoplastic regimen with the incremental analysis method is performed to detect plastic hinge formation order, collapse load factor, displacements, and rotation capacity of cross sections with the criteria established in the current building codes. The study evaluates the influence of the defined concepts on the structure’s elastoplastic behavior. The biaxial and uniaxial bending method is presented as an important formulation for obtaining the collapse load factor using the elastic stiffness matrix with modifications. The algorithms presented enable the development of research without the need for expensive commercial software licenses.

Offshore wind energy is a sustainable renewable energy source that is acquired by harnessing the force of the wind offshore, where the absence of obstructions allows the wind to travel at higher and more steady speeds. Offshore wind has recently grown in popularity because wind energy is more powerful offshore than on land. Prior to the development of floating structures, wind turbines could not be deployed in particularly deep or complicated seabed locations since they were dependent on fixed structures. With the advent of floating structures, which are moored to the seabed using flexible anchors, chains, or steel cables, wind turbines can now be placed far offshore. The deployment of floating wind turbines in deep waters is encouraged by several benefits, including steadier winds, less visual impact, and flexible acoustic noise requirements. A thorough understanding of the physics underlying the dynamic response of the floating offshore wind turbines, as well as various design principles and analysis methods, is necessary to fully compete with traditional energy sources such as fossil fuels. The present work offers a comprehensive review of the most recent state-of-the-art developments in the offshore wind turbine technology, including aerodynamics, hydromechanics, mooring, ice, and inertial loads. The existing design concepts and numerical models used to simulate the complex wind turbine dynamics are also presented, and their capabilities and limitations are discussed in detail.

This paper introduces a new perspective/direction on assessing and encouraging creativity in concept design for application in engineering design education and industry. This research presents several methods used to assess the creativity of similar student designs using metrics and judges to determine which product is considered the most creative. Two methods are proposed for creativity concept evaluation during early design, namely the Comparative Creativity Assessment (CCA) and the Multi-Point Creativity Assessment (MPCA) methods. A critical survey is provided along with a comparison of prominent creativity assessment methods for personalities, products, and the design process. These comparisons culminate in the motivation for new methodologies in creative product evaluation to address certain shortcomings in current methods. The paper details the creation of the two creativity assessment methods followed by an application of the CCA and MPCA to two case studies drawn from engineering design classes.

Product design methods based on case-based reasoning (CBR) generally lack sufficient consideration of customer opinions. To address this problem, a user satisfaction-oriented CBR method for product conceptual design is proposed. The method consists of three stages. First, a quantitative mapping relationship between design cases and user satisfaction is established, and a case base is constructed. Subsequently, new product structural solutions are generated by adopting case reuse or innovative design approaches. Finally, a multi-objective decision-making model incorporating multi-dimensional factors is established to solve for the optimal conceptual design scheme. A conceptual design project for a tablet computer demonstrates that the proposed method effectively enhances user satisfaction with design schemes. This method provides a new perspective for the research of case-based product design methods and is of great value for improving the design symmetry between the conceptual design scheme and user requirements, and thereby enhancing the quality of enterprise product conceptual design.

A rough set is important for the reduction of attributes of an information system, since it approximates a subset of a universal set based on some binary connection. A Pythagorean fuzzy set, on the other hand, provides specific information about the extent to which a statement is true or false. Both of these theories address various types of uncertainty and can be combined to maximize their combined advantages. In the current study, we aim to build a broader structure of fuzzy rough numbers, known as Pythagorean fuzzy rough numbers. The proposed framework addresses some of the limitations of traditional fuzzy rough numbers and provides a more practical and effective solution for dealing with uncertainty in decision-making. Our main objective is to develop a new method based on Pythagorean fuzzy rough numbers, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and the Technique of Ranking by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. The suggested approach is tested on a case study which involves the selection of a product design concept for a new heat exchanger. The Pythagorean fuzzy rough AHP technique is implemented to assess the significance of each factor in the design process, and the Pythagorean fuzzy rough TOPSIS approach is used to rank the design concepts in order of their overall quality. The outcomes demonstrates that the suggested methodology efficiently assesses design concepts, making it helpful for the design industry in decision-making process. This study highlights the importance of integrating the AHP-TOPSIS method based on Pythagorean fuzzy rough numbers for a comprehensive evaluation of design concepts, taking into account both qualitative and quantitative factors to aid complex decision-making processes. The proposed method is thoroughly compared with some other existing decision-making methods.

Objective: The objective of this study is to discuss the occupation of the Setor Sul (south sector)since Attílio Correia Lima's initial proposal, reformulated as a garden neighborhood by Coimbra Bueno's company under Amando Augusto de Godoy's supervision, until it became an urban centrality considering the growth of the city of Goiânia, initially planned to occupy a radius of 4 km from the Praça Cívica (civic square) in 1933.   Theoretical Framework: Urban analysis is developed as a resource to understand the urban structure of Goiânia and the role of the Setor Sul (south sector), based on the reflections of the historical-geographical approach (Vasconcellos, 2010). With the data and maps related to these characteristics, the perspectives of Manso (2001; 2018), Daher (2003), Diniz (2007), Ackel (1986; 2007), among others, are considered regarding the conception of Goiânia and the circulation of the modern ideology as premises for configuring the Setor Sul as a garden neighborhood. Thus, attention is drawn to understanding the formation of the city from a conceptual and practical aspect, as its construction unfolded in the morphological changes of the neighborhood in addition to the strict control of immediate land occupation, a fact that effectively occurred in the 1960s-70s.   Method: The methodology adopted for this research involves the analysis of poorly systematized documentary sources, linking historical documents to the collection of legislation, decrees, and other legal instruments that shaped the control and land use of Goiânia until the mid-1950s, when the municipality began to assume the management of urbanization in the newly created city. Public archives and data from the Goiânia municipality were sought to organize and observe how the urban form of the neighborhood changed, constituting its process of occupation.   Results and Discussion: The results obtained indicate that the occupation of Setor Sul (south sector), from the 1930s to the 1950s, was under the supervision of the State, exerting control over the sale of lots and the permission to occupy them later, as they were considered \"land stock\". This means, among other things, that land was valued as an exchange and provision of resources for the city's own development. In this sense, the neighborhood, although widely disseminated and detailed in official urbanization plans, had a fragmented occupation, often depending on the government's ability to implement the infrastructure, areas, and public facilities planned in the 1938 project. Through the historical-geographical approach, an urban analysis of Setor Sul is characterized by its connection with the Setor Central and Setor Oeste neighborhoods, and later, with Setor Pedro Ludovico, due to the road system that expanded the urbanized area as a result of Goiânia's intense population growth. In this sense, the research indicates the importance of relating historical data to legislative records as a means to better understand the materiality of the city, going beyond what was initially conceived.   Research Implications: The transformations of Setor Sul (South sector) between the decades of 1930-60 are being discussed, considering the different materialization from what the designers had envisioned. The difficulties faced by the municipal administration in providing adequate infrastructure are identified, along with the intense migration that occurred during that period. In this way, reflections between urban history and territorial planning are compared to understand the current features of the neighborhood and enable urban management to mediate its present conflicts. Discussions regarding the preservation of Setor Sul are also included, focusing on its materialized form rather than solely the urbanistic ideas that surround its official history.    Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by expanding the urban history of the city, incorporating political-administrative aspects and seeking to understand the production of urban space in light of the territorial occupation articulated with the actions that prompted it. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by explaining the transformations of the neighborhood through the comparison and correlation of documentary sources and the socio-spatial aspects that permeate the formation of the urban landscape. 

Interior design is an expanding domain that has become more sophisticated owing to the complexity of design problems and interdisciplinary solutions. Interior designers must depend less on traditional thinking and more on design thinking to respond strategically to contemporary design challenges posed by ethical and environmental issues and technological advancements. Design thinking is an approach that can help create solutions to such complex problems and contribute to the strategic development of design concepts. The aim of this study was to highlight the role of design thinking in developing interior design concepts. A literature review was conducted to explore the definition and attributes of design thinking and to propose a design thinking framework for shaping new concepts in interior design. This article discusses the impact of design thinking applications on design concept development within the context of interior design. The study also presents examples of contemporary interior design concepts based on design thinking.