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US SPACE COMMAND’S DETERRENT ROLE
Growing global interest in developing space-based systems, from economic to defense, make the requirements of the Outer Space Treaty of 1967 to maintain a peaceful space environment even more challenging. As US Space Command works to deter aggression in space, an examination of deterrence theory and the US and Soviet experience before, during, and after the 1983 Able Archer exercise provides insights for a successful approach to deterrence in space. Such an approach should be focused on stratified deterrence, dissuasion deterrence, and control of space.
Journal Article
Modern control theory and the limits of the criminal sanction
\"Modern control theory and the limits of the criminal sanction updates and extends the authors' classic general theory of crime (sometimes referred to as \"self-control theory\"). In Part I, contemporary evidence about the theory is summarized. Research from criminology, psychology, economics, education and public health substantially supports the life-long influence of self control as a significant cause of problem behaviors, including delinquency and crime, substance abuse, school problems, many forms of accidents, employment instability and many poor health outcomes. Contemporary is supportive of the theory's focus on early socialization for creation of higher levels of self control and other dimensions of the theory, including the roles of self control, age and the generality or versatility of problem behaviors, as well as the connections between self control and later teen and adult problem behaviors. The authors provide methodological assessments of research on the theory, contrasting the control-theory perspective with other developmental perspectives in criminology. The role of opportunity, the relationship between self and social control theory, and the role of motivation, are addressed. In Part II, control theory is taken to be a valid theory and is used to explore the role of criminal sanctions, especially policing and prisons, and policies about immigration, as methods to impact crime. Modern control theory provides an explanation for the general lack of effectiveness of formal, state sanctions on crime and instead provides substantial justification for prevention of delinquency and crime by a focus on childhood\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
TERRESTRIAL RESPONSES TO SPACE AGGRESSION
Deterring aggression in the space domain by targeting space-based assets or space-related ground assets may be ineffective or have adverse consequences, such as the increase of space debris. The United States should instead consider other terrestrial targets, but the main challenge is identifying such retaliatory targets outside of space. Without an obvious relationship between space and the target, retaliation would send the wrong message and could be escalatory. One way to solve this problem is for the United States to create a symbolic relationship between space aggression and terrestrial targets. This article explores how a shift in terms and shared perceptions concerning space assets may help in deterring adversarial actions and what challenges such a shift might produce. Rather than offer specific recommendations, this article highlights the importance of symbolism in deterrence.
Journal Article
Coercion : the power to hurt in international politics
\"A state's power to compel or deter other states to either act or refrain from acting has been a foundational source of world politics since the time of Thucydides. Yet the specific features of deterrence and compellence constantly change in accordance with historical development. In our own lifetimes, for instance, the rising significance of non-state actors and the increasing influence of regional powers have dramatically transformed international politics since the height of the Cold War. Yet much of the existing literature on deterrence and compellence continues to draw, whether implicitly or explicitly, upon assumptions and precepts formulated in a state-centric, bipolar world. Although contemporary coercion frequently features multiple coercers targeting state and non-state adversaries with non-military instruments of persuasion, most literature on coercion still focuses primarily on cases where a single state is trying to coerce another single state via traditional military means. In The Power to Hurt, the leading international relations scholars Kelly M. Greenhill and Peter Krause have gathered together an eminent cast of contributors (e.g., Bob Art, Dan Drezner, Alex Downes, Erik Gartzke, and others) to produce what promises to be a field-shaping work on one of IR's most essential subjects: coercion, whether in the form of compellence, deterrence, or a mix of the two. The volume moves beyond these traditional premises and examines the critical issue of coercion in the 21st century, capturing fresh theoretical and policy relevant developments and drawing upon data and cases from across time and around the globe\" -- Provided by publisher.
Book
Fenyegetés és elrettentés, különös tekintettel a kommunikációra a második világháborútól napjainkig
Napjainkban a modern fenyegetési, elrettentési és kommunikációs eljárások ismerete és alkalmazása mind stratégiai, mind pedig taktikai szinten egyaránt természetesnek mondható hadművészeti szempontból. Ugyanakkor a szerző szerint fontos és érdekes tanulmányoznunk a második világháborútól napjainkig lezajlott vonatkozó eseményeket, mivel azok számos tanulsággal szolgálhatnak számunkra is.
Journal Article
Nuclear strategy in the modern era
The world is in a second nuclear age in which regional powers play an increasingly prominent role. These states have small nuclear arsenals, often face multiple active conflicts, and sometimes have weak institutions. How do these nuclear states-and potential future ones-manage their nuclear forces and influence international conflict? Examining the reasoning and deterrence consequences of regional power nuclear strategies, this book demonstrates that these strategies matter greatly to international stability and it provides new insights into conflict dynamics across important areas of the world such as the Middle East, East Asia, and South Asia.
Vipin Narang identifies the diversity of regional power nuclear strategies and describes in detail the posture each regional power has adopted over time. Developing a theory for the sources of regional power nuclear strategies, he offers the first systematic explanation of why states choose the postures they do and under what conditions they might shift strategies. Narang then analyzes the effects of these choices on a state's ability to deter conflict. Using both quantitative and qualitative analysis, he shows that, contrary to a bedrock article of faith in the canon of nuclear deterrence, the acquisition of nuclear weapons does not produce a uniform deterrent effect against opponents. Rather, some postures deter conflict more successfully than others.
Nuclear Strategy in the Modern Eraconsiders the range of nuclear choices made by regional powers and the critical challenges they pose to modern international security.
eBook
