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Sustaining the drive to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases : second WHO report on neglected tropical diseases
The second WHO report on neglected tropical diseases builds on the growing sense of optimism_x000D__x000D_ generated by the 2012 publication of the WHO Roadmap. Commitments on the_x000D__x000D_ part of ministries of health in endemic countries global health initiatives funding_x000D__x000D_ agencies and philanthropists have escalated since 2010 as have donations of_x000D__x000D_ medicines from pharmaceutical companies and the engagement of the scientific_x000D__x000D_ community. _x000D__x000D_ This report marks a new phase and assesses opportunities and obstacles in the_x000D__x000D_ control elimination and eradication of several of these diseases. Unprecedented_x000D__x000D_ progress over the past two years has revealed unprecedented needs for_x000D__x000D_ refinements in control strategies and new technical tools and protocols. The_x000D__x000D_ substantial increases in donations of medicines made since the previous report_x000D__x000D_ call for innovations that simplify and refine delivery strategies. _x000D__x000D_ However some diseases including especially deadly ones like human African_x000D__x000D_ trypanosomiasis and visceral Leishmaniasis remain extremely difficult and costly_x000D__x000D_ to treat. The control of Buruli ulcer Chagas disease and yaws is hampered by_x000D__x000D_ imperfect technical tools although recent developments for yaws look promising._x000D__x000D_ The report highlights progress against these especially challenging diseases _x000D__x000D_ being made through the development of innovative and intensive management_x000D__x000D_ strategies. _x000D__x000D_ Innovations in vector control deserve more attention as playing a key part in_x000D__x000D_ reducing transmission and disease burden especially for Dengue Chagas disease_x000D__x000D_ and the Leishmaniases. _x000D__x000D_ Achieving universal health coverage with
essential health interventions for_x000D__x000D_ neglected tropical diseases will be a powerful equalizer that abolishes distinctions_x000D__x000D_ between the rich and the poor the young and the old ethnic groups and women_x000D__x000D_ and men.
eBook
Systems thinking for health systems strengthening
Many developing countries are looking to scale-up what works through major systems strengthening investments. With leadership, conviction and commitment, systems thinking can facilitate and accelerate the strengthening of systems to more effectively deliver interventions to those in need and be better able to improve health in an equitable way. Systems thinking is not a panacea. Its application does not mean that resolving problems and weaknesses will come easily or naturally or without overcoming the inertia of the established way of doing things. But it will identify, with more precision, where some of the true blockages and challenges lie. It will help to: 1) explore these problems from a systems perspective; 2) show potentials of solutions that work across sub-systems; 3) promote dynamic networks of diverse stakeholders; 4) inspire learning; and 5) foster more system-wide planning, evaluation and research. And it will increase the likelihood that health system strengthening investments and interventions will be effective. The more often and more comprehensively the actors and components of the system can talk to each other from within a common framework --communicating, sharing, problem-solving - the better chance any initiative to strengthen health systems has. Real progress will undoubtedly require time, significant change, and momentum to build capacity across the system. However, the change is necessary - and needed now. This report therefore speaks to health system stewards, researchers and funders and maps out a set of strategies and activities to harness these approaches, to link them to these emerging opportunities and to assist systems thinking to become the norm in design and evaluation of interventions in health systems. But, the final message is to the funders of health system strengthening and health systems research who will
need to recognize the potential in these opportunities, be prepared to take risks in investing in such innovations, and play an active role in both driving and following this agenda towards more systemic and evidence-informed health development.
eBook
The peacebuilding puzzle : political order in post-conflict states
\"This book explains why international post-conflict interventions have fallen short of the weighty aspirations they embody. It reframes the peacebuilding puzzle by presenting a new theory of how domestic elites construct political order during and after peacebuilding interventions. A comparative analysis of the UN's transformative peacebuilding attempts in Cambodia, East Timor, and Afghanistan shows that while international peacebuilders want to build effective and legitimate government, domestic elites essentially do not. As is the case in much of the developing world, post-conflict elites use strategies to prioritize their own political survival and power that result in a neopatrimonial political order that better delivers on their goals. Peacebuilding interventions thus generate a set of unintended yet predictable effects. In all three cases, the UN's efforts at peacebuilding through elite settlement followed by a process of simultaneous statebuilding and democratization were co-opted by a small subset of domestic power-holders who successfully closed down the political space and stunted state capacity. To be sure, each of these countries is better off than before the peace operations. Yet the goals of intervention have not truly been met. Instead, there are striking similarities in the patterns of neopatrimonial order that emerge in the aftermath of intervention. This book makes the case that the peacebuilding approach is, at least in part, itself responsible for the eventually disappointing governance outcomes that emerge in post-conflict countries\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Handbook on health inequality monitoring : with a special focus on low- and middle-income countries
Monitoring health inequality is a practice that fosters accountability and continuous improvement within health systems. The cycle of health inequality monitoring helps to identify and track health differences between subgroups providing evidence and feedback to strengthen equity-oriented policies programmes and practices. Through inequality monitoring and the use of disaggregated data countries gain insight into how health is distributed in the population looking beyond what is indicated by national averages. Data about health inequalities underlie health interventions that aim to reach vulnerable populations. Furthermore they constitute an evidence base to inform and promote equity-oriented health initiatives including the movement towards equitable universal health coverage. _x000D__x000D_ _x000D__x000D_ This Handbook is a user-friendly resource developed to help countries establish and strengthen health inequality monitoring practices. The handbook elaborates on the steps of health inequality monitoring including selecting relevant health indicators and equity stratifiers obtaining data analysing data reporting results and implementing changes. Throughout the handbook examples from low- and middle-income countries are presented to illustrate how concepts are relevant and applied in real-world situations; informative text boxes provide the context to better understand the complexities of the subject. The final section of the handbook presents an expanded example of national-level health inequality monitoring of reproductive maternal and child health. _x000D__x000D_.
eBook
Microbiology of drinking water production and distribution
Microbiology of Drinking Water Production and Distribution addresses the public health aspects of drinking water treatment and distribution. It explains the different water treatment processes, such as pretreatment, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection, and their impacts on waterborne microbial pathogens and parasites. Drinking water quality may be degraded in water distribution systems—microorganisms form biofilms within distribution systems that allow them to flourish. Various methodologies have been proposed to assess the bacterial growth potential in water distribution systems. Microbiology of Drinking Water Production and Distribution also places drinking water quality and public health issues in context; it addresses the effect of bioterrorism on drinking water safety, particularly safeguards that are in place to protect consumers against the microbial agents involved. In addition, the text delves into research on drinking water quality in developing countries and the low-cost treatment technologies that could save lives. The text also examines the microbiological water quality of bottled water, often misunderstood by the public at large.
eBook
Students’ acceptance of online learning in developing nations: scale development and validation
Most education systems were severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, and as a result, learning shifted from face-to-face to online in higher education institutions. This unprecedented shift in the learning environment caused substantial challenges for students. The situation was more severe in developing nations such as Bangladesh, which lacked available resources and knowledge of online education to support their students. Recent studies suggest that students resisted online learning in various developing nations. To support online learning in developing nations, this study develops the Acceptance of Online Learning (AOL) scale comprised of both institutional and student-related factors. To validate the AOL scale, the study collected data from 441 students across 30 higher education institutions in Bangladesh to determine the factors explaining students’ acceptance of online learning using AOL measurements. The results showed that institutional factors, such as technological sufficiency, instructor efficiency, and technical assistance play significant roles in students’ acceptance of online learning in developing nations. These findings will help education policymakers and administrators in developing nations to assess the needs of students with respect to online learning, and the AOL scale will assist in the evaluation of students’ acceptance of online learning in these nations.
Journal Article
Social health insurance for developing nations
Specialist groups have often advised health ministers and other decision makers in developing countries on the use of social health insurance (SHI) as a way of mobilizing revenue for health, reforming health sector performance, and providing universal coverage. This book reviews the specific design and implementation challenges facing SHI in low- and middle-income countries and presents case studies on Ghana, Kenya, Philippines, Colombia, and Thailand.
eBook