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Sustainable Development Disparities in the EU-27 Based on R D and Innovation Factors
Ever since it was adopted in 2015 by the United Nations, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has acted as the main guideline for European Union Member States in regard to achieving economic prosperity, environmental sustainability and peaceful, inclusive and innovative societies. However, in the race for sustainable development, some European Union Member States are ahead of the others – not only as far as meeting the Sustainable Development Goals is concerned, but from the perspective of the R&D and innovation factors as well. In this context, the objective of this research was to explore sustainable development disparities between the EU-27 Members, based on the previously mentioned factors. A cross-sectional multiple linear regression model was constructed to facilitate an in-depth look at the observations. The econometric analysis was carried out based on the Global SDG Index, the Global Innovation Index and on the percentage of the GDP allocated to R&D activities. Although the transition to the sustainable development model requires modern and disruptive approaches at country level, the literature is not rich on papers fully covering the nature of the existing links between the variables analyzed in the proposed econometric model. Results show that countries from Northern and Westeren Europe are leading the change to a more innovative and sustainable path for the European Union. This implies the responsibility of high levels of R&D expenditure. Although no European country is on track on meeting the Sustainable Development Goals, Central and Eastern European Countries have made a lot of catching up to the Northwestern European leaders. The results of this research help decision-makers improve their strategies by understanding the impact of R&D and innovation factors on meeting sustainable development throughout EU-27 at an equitable pace for all European members.
Journal Article
Urbanization of Chongqing Municipality: Regional Contributions and Influencing Mechanisms
Enhancing the level and quality of urbanization and embarking on a new path toward the sustainable development of urbanization are the forces that are driving the achievement of stable and healthy economic and social development. Based on data from three population censuses and official statistics spanning from 1997 to 2021, this study decomposed the changes in the urbanization rates in Chongqing during this period. We employed a fixed-effects model to conduct a regression analysis on the factors influencing the regional contributions of urbanization and provide a comprehensive analysis of their mechanisms. The study findings are as follows: 1. The central urban area has been the primary region driving the urbanization in Chongqing since the establishment of the Chongqing municipality; however, since 2017, the new urban area has gradually become the new “main force” driving the urbanization in Chongqing. In different stages, dynamic regions have exhibited a pattern of “diversification—centralization—diversification”. 2. Local urbanization is the main factor promoting the urbanization development in Chongqing, whereas remote urbanization has only played a supplementary role. The overall urbanization pattern in Chongqing is characterized by “local urbanization and population inflow”. The central urban area has primarily propelled the urbanization of Chongqing through remote urbanization, whereas the new urban area, as well as the northeastern Chongqing area and southeastern Chongqing area, have predominantly driven the urbanization of Chongqing through local urbanization. In the four major regions and 38 counties, the predominant urbanization type was often “local urbanization and population outflow”. 3. The level of the contribution of different regions to the urbanization development in Chongqing is the combined result of factors such as economic development, local administrative capacity, improvement in public services, and enhancement in transportation infrastructure.
Journal Article
Research on the Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Educational Facilities Based on POI Data: A Case Study of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area
This study aims to provide a precise assessment of the distribution of educational facilities within the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area, serving as a crucial foundation for managing educational resource allocation and enhancing the quality of educational services. Utilizing a kernel density analysis, global autocorrelation analysis, and geographic detectors, this research systematically analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of educational facilities in the area. The findings reveal significant geographical disparities in facility distribution with dense clusters in urban centers such as Guangzhou and Shenzhen, and less dense distributions in peripheral areas like Zhongshan and Macau. These facilities exhibit a multi-center cluster pattern with strong spatial autocorrelation, mainly influenced by the population size and economic and urban development levels. The results provide actionable insights for refining educational planning and resource allocation, contributing to the enhancement of educational quality across diverse urban landscapes.
Journal Article
The regional dimension of overeducation two decades after Poland's accession to the European Union
In this study, we investigated regional variation in overeducation in Poland almost two decades after its 2004 EU accession. Using microdata from the Labour Force Survey and applying the realized matches method, we found that approximately 20% of workers in Poland have education levels exceeding job requirements, with younger workers under 35 experiencing even higher rates (24%). While the overall level of overeducation in Poland remained relatively stable over the analyzed period, a growth of regional differences in the incidence of overeducation was observed. Less economically developed regions of eastern and central Poland are characterized by a substantially higher risk of overeducation than western and southern regions. Gender disparities have been observed, with overeducation decreasing among women while increasing among men. This may suggest that peripheral regions struggle to absorb highly qualified workers despite increasing educational attainment. Such a process may potentially deepen developmental disparities and intensify internal migrations.
Journal Article
ASSESSING DISPROPORTIONATE TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT: INSIGHTS FROM 10 COUNTRIES
Territorial development disparities are an undeniable reality for all the countries of the world, which implies that no country can practically avoid them. However, how different countries respond to these disparities is another matter. The effectiveness of policies in overcoming territorial development disparities depends significantly on how deeply these disparities are recognized and studied. In this context, assessing disparities in territorial development is necessary, and the article proposes a methodology for its implementation. The methodology examines territorial development indexes and their relative standard deviation. In the article, the developed methodology was also applied to 10 countries, as a result of which the levels of territorial development disparities in Canada, Poland, Bulgaria, Hungary, Finland, Serbia, Georgia, Moldova, Kazakhstan, and China were evaluated. Based on the assessments, general conclusions are also presented for each country in the article.
Journal Article