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Purpose: This study aims to examine and analyze the nexus between Green Intellectual Capital (GIC), Supply Chain Integration (SCI), Digital Supply Chain (DSC), Supply Chain Agility (SCA) dan Business Performance (BP). It also aims to examine and analyze the mediating influence of several variables: (a) the mediating role of SCI on the relationship between GIC and BP, (b) the mediating role of DSC on the relationship between GIC and BP dan (c) the mediating role of SCA on the relationship between GIC and BP.Design/methodology: Quantitative approach is carried out using a survey to the owners or managers, and owners and managers of courier service SMEs in two provinces, namely East Java and Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). These two provinces are known to have a courier service SMEs in a large amount because of its population density and large business transaction. The number of respondents analyzed are 183 SMEs. This study uses purposive sampling with certain criteria. The approach of the model is using Structural Equation Modelling with AMOS 23.Findings: (1) GIC has a significant positive influence on SCI; (2) GIC does not have a significant positive influence on BP; (3) GIC has a significant positive influence on DSC; (3) GIC has a significant positive influence on SCA; (4) SCI has a significant positive influence on BP; (5) DSC has a significant positive influence on BP; (6) SCA does not have a significant positive influence on BP. The results of mediation analysis conclude that: (a) SCI mediates the influence between GIC on BP; (b) DSC mediates the influence between GIC on BP; and (c) SCA mediates the influence between GIC on BP.Research limitations/implications: Selecting respondents using purposive sampling is feared to not be able to generalize the population in the two provinces, namely East Java and DIY. The study also uses a self-administered survey, especially on assessing business performance, thus it is feared that there might be a bias, although it has been compared to similar competitor SMEs. Courier service SMEs also have limitation in implementing digital SC, thus they do not quite understand the questionnaire asked even though the researcher has provided assistance during the research.Managerial Implication: Companies need to improve GIC and DSC through various strategies and policies such as training, workshop, and other intellectual development routinely and intensively. It can be done by cooperating with other parties such as universities and the government. This step should be taken in order to achieve harmony in all activities of supply chain management (SCM). Companies should also carry out an effective and efficient learning process for companies to move more agile and dynamic, therefore BP can increase sustainably and not static.Theoretical Implication: This study provides a theoretical contribution, especially on the nexus between GIC, SCI, DSC, SCA, and BP. DSC becomes a very interesting strategic aspect when it is implemented in the current era, where all the business process cannot be separated from digital-based technology.Originality/value: Studies in Asia, moreover in Indonesia, which integrates GIC and associate it with business performance mediated by SCI, DSC, and SCA is still rare. In this era, there is a need for an increase of digital competition in all human resources of courier service SMEs in Indonesia, especially when the SMEs have not had a good SCM system. Digital supply chain requires GIC, and they must be fast and agile to adapt to technology and environmental turbulence. Keywords: Green Intelectual Capital (GIC), Supply Chain Integration (SCI), Digital Supply Chain (DSC), Supply Chain Agility (SCA) and Business Performance (BP).

BackgroundEvery company has a supply chain (SC) and must deal with its uncertainty, which can provoke a bullwhip effect; resilience of SCs is a main characteristic to be achieved. However, studies on the creation of digital SCs adopting Industry 4.0 (I4.0) are very scarce and require more attention.ObjectivesIndustry 4.0 is very little studied in the field of resilience of SCs, despite the huge benefits it can provide. This study aims to evaluate I4.0 to improve both strategic and operational performance.MethodInitially, a deep literature has been carried out to find out the requirements to improve the resilience of a SC and how I4.0 can contribute. Then, a framework has been developed using Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR).ResultsThe resilience of SC is a very new topic, and I4.0 can provide great benefits. The designed framework can improve resilience by integrating new technologies.ConclusionAdopting I4.0 into the SC can be challenging, but it is mandatory to integrate it to keep competitiveness high and improve the resilience of the company. Internet of Things can collect data, analysed by AI and made available with AR and VR to operators.ContributionThis study helps in closing the gap between the need of resilience in SC and technological solutions based on I4.0. This improves warehousing, inventory management and demand forecasting with distribution communications and information technology.

This research enters deeply into the critical dynamics of characteristics within digital supply chains and their collective eventual influence on inventory management efficiency. The study uses an exhaustive survey of 350 engineering company representatives to reveal the complex interactions between different qualities of supply chain systems-on-time data and inventory practice efficiency. By applying advanced techniques of regression analysis, the authors worked out three hypotheses and exhaustively tested them to find out the impact of digital adaptivity, dynamism and flexibility on both the visibility of information and inventory management effectiveness. This study has many interesting findings. First, this paper found strong positive connections between Digital Adaptability Supply Chain and Digital Flexibility Supply Chain in terms of both information visibility and inventory management effectiveness. These results argue that to effectively manage inventory levels with optimal information transparency across its network of links, companies must establish supply chain systems that can adapt to change and embrace flexibility. Digital Agility Supply Chain did not show any significant relationships with these variables, but it could be important. We need to study its nuances until we know how it is going to affect supply chain performance indices. This paper encourages investment in new supply chain technologies that will help all the engineering companies in Jordan be more adaptable and flexible. It also calls for adding data analysis capabilities across the company directly into supply chain processes through real-time tracking solutions. These solutions will make it easier to see and give decision-makers quick, reliable information about inventory management practices and agreement practices. By incorporating these recommendations, all Jordanian engineering companies can enhance their supply capacity and appropriate inventory management procedures to compete in the evolving marketplace now finally taking effect.

Digital supply chain finance (DSCF) has become an important component of enterprise digital transformation. In order to accurately understand the development of digital supply chain finance in China, as well as its relationship with corporate financial performance, this study uses panel data of 598 Chinese listed companies to construct indicators of DSCF and corporate financial performance index by entropy weight method. The coupling coordination degree of the two indices is calculated. The results show that the DSCF of enterprises has shown an upward trend in recent 10 years. However, most of the coupling coordination degrees with corporate finance performance are in a state of mild maladjustment or the verge of maladjustment. The heterogeneity of provinces and industries is also analyzed. This study provides some insights into the development prospects of digital supply chain finance and its relationship with the financial performance of Chinese enterprises. It also offers actionable recommendations for research in finance, supply chain management, enterprise digital transformation, and related policy formulation. Plain language summary Digital supply chain finance and corporate finance performance coupling coordination degree analysis in China This study shows digital supply chain finance (DSCF) an upward trend in recent 10 years and most of the coupling coordination degrees with corporate performance are in a state of mild maladjustment or the verge of maladjustment. We collect panel data of 598 Chinese listed companies to construct indicators of DSCF and corporate financial performance index by entropy weight method. And we present the results of the study and discusses the heterogeneity of DSCF development by industry and province. This paper finds the differences in the development of digital supply chain finance innovation in different industries and regions, analyzes the reasons, and proposes corresponding governance strategies according to the constraints that may exist in the practical application at the present stage.

PurposeSupply chain resilience (SCR) is a key concept for managers who wish to develop the capacity to enhance their supply chain’s (SC’s) ability to cope with unexpected turbulence. SC digital tools are often seen as a solution that provides more visibility, anticipation and collaboration (SCR capability factors). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the link between SCR and SC digitalisationDesign/methodology/approachA sample was considered with 300 managers in the field of SCM, and the results were analysed using factor analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM). SEM was employed to test the impact of the degree of digital maturity and SC digital tools on SCR.FindingsSC digitalization is characterised by the degree of digital maturity and the adoption of SC digital tools. The degree of digital maturity has a strong influence on digital tool adoption. SCR is positively impacted by both the degree of digital maturity and the adoption of digital tools.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings do not indicate which tools contribute the most to SCR.Practical implicationsManagers should reflect on the need to continue digitalizing their SCs if they want greater SCR in the current uncertain environment.Originality/valueThis is the first quantitative study that focuses on assessing the impact of the degree of digital maturity and the SC digital tools adopted on SCR. Validation of the hypotheses model confirms the positive impact of SC digitalisation on SCR for researchers and managers.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to re-examine the extant research on last-mile logistics (LML) models and consider LML’s diverse roots in city logistics, home delivery and business-to-consumer distribution, and more recent developments within the e-commerce digital supply chain context. The review offers a structured approach to what is currently a disparate and fractured field in logistics.Design/methodology/approachThe systematic literature review examines the interface between e-commerce and LML. Following a protocol-driven methodology, combined with a “snowballing” technique, a total of 47 articles form the basis of the review.FindingsThe literature analysis conceptualises the relationship between a broad set of contingency variables and operational characteristics of LML configuration (push-centric, pull-centric, and hybrid system) via a set of structural variables, which are captured in the form of a design framework. The authors propose four future research areas reflecting likely digital supply chain evolutions.Research limitations/implicationsTo circumvent subjective selection of articles for inclusion, all papers were assessed independently by two researchers and counterchecked with two independent logistics experts. Resulting classifications inform the development of future LML models.Practical implicationsThe design framework of this study provides practitioners insights on key contingency and structural variables and their interrelationships, as well as viable configuration options within given boundary conditions. The reformulated knowledge allows these prescriptive models to inform practitioners in their design of last-mile distribution.Social implicationsImproved LML performance would have positive societal impacts in terms of service and resource efficiency.Originality/valueThis paper provides the first comprehensive review on LML models in the modern e-commerce context. It synthesises knowledge of LML models and provides insights on current trends and future research directions.

PurposeThe study aims to analyse the impact of Industry 4.0 implementation on supply chains and develop an implementation framework by considering potential drivers and barriers for the Industry 4.0 paradigm.Design/methodology/approachA critical literature review is performed to explore the key drivers and barriers for Industry 4.0 implementation under four business dimensions: strategic, organisational, technological and legal and ethical. A system dynamics model is later developed to understand the impact of Industry 4.0 implementation on supply chain parameters, by including both the identified driving forces and barriers for this technological transformation. The results of the simulation model are utilised to develop a conceptual model for a successful implementation and acceleration of Industry 4.0 in supply chains.FindingsIndustry 4.0 is predicted to bring new challenges and opportunities for future supply chains. The study discussed several implementation challenges and proposed a framework for an effective adaption and transition of the Industry 4.0 concept into supply chains.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of the simulation model are utilised to develop a conceptual model for a successful implementation and acceleration of Industry 4.0 in supply chains.Practical implicationsThe study is expected to benefit supply chain managers in understanding the challenges for implementing Industry 4.0 in their network.Originality/valueSimulation analysis provides examination of Industry 4.0 adoption in terms of its impact on supply chain performance and allows incorporation of both the drivers and barriers of this technological transformation into the analysis. Besides providing an empirical basis for this relationship, a new conceptual framework is proposed for Industry 4.0 implementation in supply chains.

PurposeThe geographical scattering of physical facilities in conventional supply chains enforces firms to shift toward digital supply chains (DSCs). While switching to DSCs, the decision-making becomes more complex with an upsurge in the size of the manufacturing firms. The manufacturing firms need to develop supply chain quality management (SCQM) systems to improvise their processes for delivering advance products and services. For developing SCQM, the role of the digital supplier is significant, as they may recuperate the quality management systems (QMS) for enhancing the firm's performance. The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors that affect the selection of digital suppliers. The other purpose is to evaluate the alternatives for identifying the best supplier that enhances the QMS for DSCs.Design/methodology/approachThe decision-making is complex for digital supplier selection (DSS) and thus, the study has utilized integrated SWARA-WASPAS methods for their critical evaluation. The stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) method has been utilized for identifying the weightage of factors and weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) for assessing the digital suppliers to explore the best alternative. The integrated SWARA-WASPAS method is the most advance approach in multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) for the evaluation of the factors.FindingsThe study reveals that supplier competency is the most significant factor in selecting digital supplier in DSC that may improve the product and service quality. The study also explores that manufacturing firms needs an efficient system for developing value for the internal and external partners that help them to cope up with the dynamic world. On the basis of the WASPAS results, supplier S8 has been ranked as the best supplier who has highest competency in the form of responsiveness, resilience, sustainable practices and digital innovation.Research limitations/implicationsThe factors are assessed on the decision team of experts that may be biased and thus, the research may further be validated through empirical studies. The research has to be extended in other nations for exploring how organizations and customers are responding to the DSCs.Practical implicationsThe study has given insights to the manufacturing firms to consider the crucial factors for DSS, as it affects the overall performance of the organizations. The decision makers of manufacturing organizations should consider the factors such as supplier competency, digital innovation and information sharing for value creation that may provide them better opportunities for developing their DSCs along with their digital suppliers to connect with stakeholders appropriately.Social implicationsThe improved SCQM aligned with DSS will offer quality products that are sustainable and provide social and economic benefits to the society. The DSS will be able to provide improvisation of the existing products and services for developing a sustainable value chains for the manufacturing organizations. This process will bring more transparency, viability and sustainability in the product and services. As a result, the DSC partners will be more transparent, viable and resilient.Originality/valueThe research on DSS and its importance in enhancing QMS is limited. This research is the novel approach to understand the criteria behind the selection of the digital suppliers’ role and their presence in enhancing the quality of products and services.

PurposeThis article presents a review of the existing state-of-the-art literature concerning Supply Chain Management 4.0 (SCM 4.0) and identifies and evaluates the relationship between digital technologies and Supply Chain Management.Design/methodology/approachA literature review of state-of-the-art publications in the subject field and a bibliometric analysis were conducted.FindingsThe paper identifies the impact of novel technologies on the different supply chain processes. Furthermore, the paper develops a roadmap framework for future research and practice.Practical implicationsThe proposed work is useful for both academics and practitioners as it outlines the pillar components for every supply chain transformation. It also proposes a range of research questions that can be used as a base to guide the future research direction of the field.Originality/valueThis paper presents a novel and original literature review-based study on SCM4.0 as no comprehensive review is available where bibliometric analysis, motivations, barriers and technologies' impact on different SC processes have been considered.

PurposeThis study investigates the enablers and challenges of digital supply chains (DSCs) adoption and develops a digital supply chain maturity (DSCM) model as a basis for developing guidelines for DSC adoption in the digital transformation journey.Design/methodology/approachThe research involves a systematic literature review (SLR) of Industry 4.0 (I4) adoption in supply chain (SC) practices to identify key enablers and associated maturity levels. The literature search of published articles during the 1997–2020 period and subsequent screening resulted in 64 articles. A DSCM model was developed using the categorization of important enablers and associated levels transitioning from the traditional SC to the DSC ecosystem.FindingsFour broader categories of DSC enablers and challenges were identified from the content analysis of SLR. Digital strategy alongside I4 technologies and human capital were prominent in DSC adoption as I4 technologies and human capital depend on other enablers such as dynamic capabilities (DCs). Lack of infrastructure and financial constraints to implementing I4 were significant challenges in the DSC adoption.Research limitations/implicationsThe proposed DSCM model provides a holistic view of enablers and maturity levels from traditional SC to DSC adoption. However, the DSCM model needs to be empirically validated and streamlined further using inputs from practitioners.Practical implicationsThe proposed DSCM model can be used as a framework to guide practitioners in assessing maturity and developing implementation plans for successful DSC adoption.Originality/valueThis research introduces a novel DSC maturity model through a holistic view of enablers and maturity levels from traditional SC to DSC adoption.