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Using the full-text corpus of more than 75,000 research articles published by seven PLOS journals, this paper proposes a natural language processing approach for identifying the function of citations. Citation contexts are assigned based on the frequency of n-gram co-occurrences located near the citations. Results show that the most frequent linguistic patterns found in the citation contexts of papers vary according to their location in the IMRaD structure of scientific articles. The presence of negative citations is also dependent on this structure. This methodology offers new perspectives to locate these discursive forms according to the rhetorical structure of scientific articles, and will lead to a better understanding of the use of citations in scientific articles.

This study examines the linguistic strategies employed in Thai food advertising targeted at Indonesian consumers, with a focus on lexical and discursive patterns. Utilizing critical discourse analysis (CDA), it explores how descriptive adjectives, cultural references, sensory language, and localized terms work together to create persuasive narratives. Advertisements from digital platforms such as Instagram and YouTube were analyzed to uncover how Thai food branding blends cultural authenticity with localized appeals. Findings reveal that terms like \"authentic\", \"heritage\", and \"spicy\" alongside phrases like \"a journey through Thai taste\" and \"rooted in Thai tradition\" serve to evoke sensory experiences and cultural connections. By incorporating Indonesian-specific references, such as \"rasa otentik\" and \"cita rasa Thailand,\" these advertisements strike a balance between the exotic appeal of Thai cuisine and familiar cultural elements, ultimately fostering consumer engagement. This study contributes to the understanding of how language functions as a tool of both persuasion and cultural storytelling in transnational marketing.

This study examined discourse on democracy among leaders of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) during the reform era. It explored the meanings conveyed by the leaders when they mention the term “democracy” and analyzed their usage of democratic narratives throughout this period. A keyword-counting method was employed to extract phrases containing the term “democracy” from selected works of four top CCP leaders. The results reveal a strong alignment between the meanings of democratic phrases and three proposed narrative dimensions. By highlighting leaders’ discursive patterns, which reflect both continuity and change, this study explained how leaders’ strategically use democratic narratives to maintain their ruling legitimacy. The study enhances the understanding of the CCP’s political narratives and contributes to broader research on resilient authoritarianism and comparative authoritarianism.

Discourses on European integration and Euroscepticism have benefitted from increased interest after Brexit. Researchers point out that there is a great variance from one national context to another and that there is a gap in the literature concerning non-elite discourses and perspectives from Central and Eastern European countries such as Romania. The Eurobarometer findings of early 2023 indicate a shift in Romanian public opinion towards Euroscepticism. To better understand the potential causes for these shifts, we approach the politicisation of the issue in Romania through an analysis of online news headlines and related social media news sharing metadata. In the aftermath of the decision not to accept Romania and Bulgaria, this research investigates shifts in the media framing of the Schengen issue and EU over two months (from October 15 to December 15, 2022) in the 14 most accessed Romanian online news sites (with more than 10 million visits per month). Quantitative analysis of news headlines (N = 3,362) shows that the coverage focuses on Romanian politicians in power and emphasises conflict. Furthermore, the analysis of the interactions produced by news sharing of the analysed sample shows the impact of the political rhetoric encouraging the boycotting of Austrian companies in retaliation for the denial of Schengen Area accession: scapegoating and disenchantment with politics and politicians. The two-step approach used and results that use Facebook interactions as indicators of public resonance of politicisation and strategic framing may be replicated in future research.

When #MeToo was the most intensive, many girls, women and non-binary people’s voices were heard about being exposed. Knowledge on boys’ perspectives is important as they need to be involved to provide change. In research, boys’ and men’s voices are missing unless accounted for in settings associated with violence or harassment. This project contributes knowledge about schoolboys’ positionings with respect to masculine hegemony and sexual harassment. The analysis of pair interviews with 22 participating boys, aged 14–16, suggests three ways in which they relate to the topic. With respect to the discursive patterns labelled equal boy and let-go boy, gender issues are competently expressed and these two patterns convey knowledge about the power that the gender culture exercises. These two discursive patterns also suggest a proficient way of taking the gender order into account to fit in with the peer group. Nevertheless, the third pattern, labelled the dominant boy, suggests settings when a traditional masculinity culture exercises power. We conclude that discussions on situations where different discursive patterns are overt would facilitate a shift towards gender equal discourses with less risk of sexual harassment.

The topic of this paper is mathematical identity or self-concept. This elusive construct is explored through two classroom episodes, in the public domain of whole classwork, in a senior high-school class. The structures in the dialogue in both episodes could constitute enhancement of self-concept for some students and mediate against the confidence in mathematics of others, but intersecting effects of students' one-to-one conversations are shown to be important to final outcomes.

Background Empathy is a crucial prosocial behaviour. Medical education greatly emphasizes fostering empathy as a positive aspect of personal and professional development. Moreover, empathic practitioners produce improved patient care and clinical outcomes. However, medical schools often struggle to nurture empathetic behaviours among students despite a proclaimed empathy cultivating curricula. Research reveals complex patterns in empathy development among medical students, with disparities in adoptions across academic years. In this study, we explored how empathy is perceived during undergraduate medical training. Methods This qualitative study was conducted with medical students using focused group discussions and structured interview questions. These were developed according to the perceived behavioural construct of the theory of planned behaviour. Data was analysed using critical discursive psychology to identify students' use of language and shifting understandings about empathy. Results Our analysis showed that empathy is not a static trait but a complex and evolving process comprising two primary repertoires: Acceptance, where students passively adopt existing norms, and Adjustment, where they actively recalibrate their emotional responses to maintain genuine empathy. We identified that students take on five-character roles (confident beginner, passive observer, reflective learner, problem solver, and autonomous learner) while justifying their intentional choices. Conclusion These findings highlight insights concerning students' perceptions of empathy enactment, ranging from acceptance to adjustment. These constructs indicate students’ ability to engage in clinical practices, perceive their roles as future doctors, and express their emotions. Medical educators should guide students in moving from passive acceptance to active adjustment by encouraging emotional awareness and by promoting diverse interpretations that support the development of empathetic professionals.

The current study aims to investigate the impact of using discursive narrative construction on English majors' speaking performance. Participants involved 86 freshman English majors at Faculty of Specific Education, Zagazig University, Egypt. They were divided into an experimental group (n = 43) and a control group (n = 43). Students in the experimental group were taught through the discursive narrative construction-based instruction, whereas students in the control group received conventional focus-on-form instruction. For quantitative data, a pre-post speaking performance test was designed and administered to assess students' level before and after treatment. Qualitative data were collected and analyzed via individual interviews. Results indicated that the experimental group surpassed the control group in fluency, accuracy and appropriacy, with significant improvement in fluency. Qualitative data also revealed that the experimental group students enhanced their speaking ability through utilizing various schematic patterns of language constructions, knowledge of shared structural and semantic patterns, integrating the social and cultural context with language constructions, and deconstructing and reconstructing narratives.

This study aims to investigate the barriers encountered by specialised nurses working in nurse-led clinics at a tertiary hospital and to identify strategies for enhancing service delivery and operational management. A descriptive qualitative study, conducted in accordance with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ). Purposeful sampling was employed to select 20 specialty nurses providing outpatient care at nurse-led clinics in a tertiary hospital in Fujian Province, China. Semistructured in-depth interviews were conducted, and data were analysed using conventional content analysis. The strategies and barriers identified in nurse-led clinics can be categorised into four main themes: (1) Challenges and Difficulties in Work, (2) Resource Support and Optimisation, (3) Advantages of Specialty Integration, and (4) Innovations and Development. The development of nurse-led clinics requires risk protection and robust support, underscoring the importance of managerial attention and collaboration among healthcare professionals. Additionally, enriching professional content and implementing innovative service models are essential for the long-term advancement of specialty nursing outpatient practice.

This paper explores how teachers discursively construct the identity of a storyteller when posting Status updates on Facebook Timelines. Data were generated using participant observation where 29 Timelines belonging to Malaysian secondary school English language teachers were observed throughout a six-month period. A total of 178 teaching-related Status updates were recorded and then analyzed using a discursive analytical approach combining ‘broad discourse analysis’ and Edwards and Potter's (1992) discursive psychology. The analysis shows that most of the Status updates fit the structure of a narrative genre and the teachers use various storytelling and discursive psychology strategies to engage readers. This paper argues that teachers' Status updates are more than just an account of mundane teaching-related experiences but serve as a mechanism for them to construct desirable identities.