Explore the vast range of titles available.

1-(3-aryl)-3-(dimethylamino)prop-2-en-1-one (enaminones) derivatives and the diazonium salt of para-chloroaniline were used to synthesize several novel disperse azo dyes with high yield and the use of an environmentally friendly approach. At 100 and 130 °C, we dyed polyester fabrics using the new synthesized disperse dyes. At various temperatures, the dyed fabrics’ color intensity was assessed. The results we obtained showed that dyeing utilizing a high temperature method at 130 °C was enhanced than dyeing utilizing a low temperature method at 100 °C. Reusing dye baths once or twice was a way to achieve two goals at the same time. The first was obtaining a dyed product at no cost, and the second was a way to treat the wastewater of dyeing bath effluents and reuse it again. Good results were obtained for the fastness characteristics of polyester dyed with disperse dyes. When the disperse dyes were tested against certain types of microbes and cancer cells, they demonstrated good and encouraging findings for the potential to be used as antioxidants and antimicrobial agents.

This review summarizes our contributions during last decade on the synthesis of arylazopyridones that may be used as disperse dyes for hydrophobic fabrics utilizing an environmentally benign high temperature dyeing method. The review also discusses the advantages of select disperse dyes based on pyridone moieties as antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer agents.

Organic reactions utilizing the microwave strategy have become able to conduct in shorter times, with higher yields, and are compatible with green chemistry protocols. In recent years, microwave technologies as an effective agent in organic synthesis have been successful utilized in textile industries and for the synthesis of dyes, especially disperse dyes. Herein, we present our contributions over the past decade through the use of microwave technology not only in the synthesis of new biologically active organic compounds and disperse dyes, but also the use of this effective, environmentally friendly technology in dyeing polyester fabrics as an alternative to conventional heating methods. We also demonstrate both the fastness properties and biological activities of the newly prepared compounds. In addition, we present the treatment of dyeing baths by reusing them again in the dyeing process, using microwave energy to achieve this goal, and this has environmentally friendly dimensions. Some of the possible utilizations of microwave irradiation have been presented in many different fields of chemistry. We recommend relying on this effective and environmentally safe technology instead of relying on conventional methods that take a lot of time, give low yields, and may have a negative impact on the environment.

New azo Schiff base disperse dyes based on a chromene moiety were synthesized by reacting (2-amino-7-hydroxy-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4 H-chromene-3 carbonitrile) and(2-amino-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-4 H-chromene-3-carbonitrile), with vanillin and ninhydrin, producing new chromene Schiff base derivatives, which in turn were coupled with 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline diazonium salt to give new 4 azo disperse dyes (1–4). The structures of the prepared dyes were confirmed using elemental analysis, 1 HNMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and IR. The synthesized dyes were applied to polyester and nylon fabrics using different dyeing techniques: high temperature- high pressure, and ultrasonic dyeing methods. The highest K/S values for all investigated dyes were achieved usinga high temperature-high pressure dyeing technique. Also, the color reflectance of all synthesized dyes with different dyeing shades (1%, 2%, and 3%) was obtained. The fastness properties of the dyed samples using the investigated dyes showed good color fastness toward light, washing, rubbing, and perspiration fastness. The presence of a chromene moiety and Schiff base in the investigated dyes promotes a higher antimicrobial activity on nylon and polyester fabrics against all tested bacteria (E. coli gram-negative and Staphylococcus aureus gram-positive) and two fungi, Aspergillus Niger and Candida albicans.

PurposeThis study aims to show the dyeing behaviour of polyester fabrics using four novel heterocyclic disperse dyes.Design/methodology/approachThe four dyes were synthesized based on 5, 5'-(1, 4-phenylene) bis (1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2-amine) as a diazonium compound. The UV/Vis absorption spectroscopic data of these disperse dyes while dyeing polyester fabrics were investigated. Following this, the dyeing properties of these dyes on polyester fabrics were investigated under acid condition.FindingsThe results showed that increasing the dyeing temperature from 80°C to 100°C led to an increase in dye uptake for all dyes, but further increases of the temperature to 130°C led to higher dye uptake for dye 3 as the dye exhaustion increased by about 50% from 55.9% to 91.4%.Originality/valueThis study is important as it introduces new dyes for the dyeing of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibres with colours that range from yellowish orange to bluish yellow and scarlet red and all with excellent brightness, levelness and depth of shade.

A recent development in non-aqueous two-step (disperse and reactive) dyeing technology, minimizes water usage, eliminates the need for salt, and avoids the production of wastewater during the dyeing of polyester/cotton blend fabrics. However, an issue of color staining on cotton fibers during the disperse dyeing process has been observed. To address this issue, the mechanisms of dyeing polyester fibers and staining cotton components by disperse dyes in this process were investigated, using C.I. Disperse Red 177 as an example. It was observed that the adsorption isotherm of the disperse dye on cotton fibers resembled the Freundlich type. Moreover, as the temperature increased, the affinity between the dye and the cotton component decreased, thereby reducing the staining rate of disperse dyes on cotton fibers. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that 22% of disperse dyes absorbed by cotton components were hydrolyzed dyes, while 78% were original dyes. This was attributed to the greater interaction energy between the original dye and the cotton fiber compared to the hydrolyzed dye. The primary interaction between disperse dyes and cotton fibers was identified as dispersion forces. From investigating the uptake, staining and hydrolysis performance of disperse dyes, the study sheds light on the mechanism of color staining behavior of disperse dye on cotton fibers, demonstrating the potential of a one-bath two-step dyeing process in non-aqueous medium dyeing system.

This study explores the synthesis, characterization, and application of 23 azo disperse dyes synthesized based on barbituric and thiobarbituric acid derivatives for polyester coloration. The dyes were synthesized via the coupling of diazotized aniline derivatives with barbituric and thiobarbituric acid derivatives. The structures of these synthesized dyes are assigned using FT-IR and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed absorption maxima ranging from 360 to 440 nm, with good correlation between experimental and theoretical values calculated using TD-DFT. The dyes exhibited significant pH-dependent spectral shifts, demonstrating potential as pH indicators. Application to polyester fabrics showed excellent wash fastness (rating 5) for all dyes, with varying results for perspiration, scorch, and light fastness. The dyes demonstrate dye exhaustion ranging from 43.6 to 92.5%, with color strength (K/S) values up to 22.00, while computational insights from DFT calculations provide deep understanding of structure-property relationships. The study demonstrated that substituent type and position significantly influenced dye properties and performance. Notably, dye 17 (4-OCH 3 ) exhibited the highest K/S (21.40) and K/S sum (349.05) values, correlating with its low HOMO-LUMO gap (0.1177 eV). These findings contribute to understanding the structure-property relationshipsin azo disperse dyes and their application in polyester dyeing.

In this research, an efficient, ecofriendly method of using coal fly ash in the form of zeolite to treat wastewater containing dyes was studied. Response surface methodology involving Box–Behnken design was applied to a batch process to evaluate the effect of process parameters such as contact time, dye concentration, agitation speed, pH, and adsorbent dosage onto zeolite. Disperse Orange 25 (DO) dye showed a maximum of 96% removal under optimal conditions of contact time of 119 min, dye concentration of 38.00 mg/L, agitation speed of 158 rpm, pH of 6.10, and adsorbent dosage of 0.67 g/L, whereas 95.23% of Disperse Blue 79:1 (DB) dye removal was observed at adsorbent dose of 1.05 g/L, dye concentration of 26.72 mg/L, agitation speed of 145 rpm, pH of 5.68, and contact time of 122 min. It was concluded that cenosphere-derivatized zeolite adsorbent is efficient, ecofriendly, and economical and has high potential for the removal of DO and DB dyes from aqueous solutions.

Purpose The paper aims to the preparation of novel disperse dye based on azo salicylaldehyde derivatives TF-A [2-hydroxy-5-((3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)diazenyl)benzaldehyde] and full evaluation of their use as disperse dye TF-ASC [bis 2-hydroxy-5-((3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)diazenyl)benzaldehyde Schiff base with 4,4'-methylenedianiline] for dyeing polyester fabric at various conditions. Design/methodology/approach The dispersed dye was synthesized via Schiff base condensation in the presence of ceric ammonium nitrate cerium ammonium nitrate 10 mmole% as an eco-friendly catalyst at room temperature. The chemical structure of the prepared dye was characterized via elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H- and 13 C-NMR spectroscopic analysis tools. This study thoroughly examined the dyeing of disperse dye TF-ASC on polyester at various conditions. The characteristics of dyed polyester fabric were measured by colour measurements, as well as light, washing, crock fastness and finally, colour strength. The discrete fourier transform (DFT) theoretical studies, including EHOMO, ELUMO and optimized geometrical structure, were assumed and discussed in detail. Findings The results showed that the synthesized organic dye TF-ASC was highly functional and appropriate for this kind of dyeing method. The dyeing fabrics obtained from disperse dye TF-ASC, properties possess high colour strength as well as good overall fastness properties. These dyes had a high affinity for polyester fabric, with just a tiny change in dye affinity when the pH was changed, even under alkaline circumstances. The dye levelness and shade depth of the colour results were good, and there were a variety of hues from light brownish yellow to deep brownish yellow. The results obtained from DFT computational studies such as EHOMO, ELUMO, optimized structure, diploe moment µ and electrophilicity index deduced that prepared organic dye TF-ASC is more applicable as a dispersed dye. Originality/value This research is significant because it provides a new dye for dyeing polyethylene terephthalate fibres with exceptional brightness and levelness; the method of preparation is a useful pathway due to its being known as a green chemistry method.

The present study delves into the synthesis, computational investigation, and technical evaluation of bisazo-pyrazolin-5-one dyes, Dye 1–Dye 3 , derived from a unique phenolic scaffold. The synthesis involved coupling diazotized anilines with 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-4-(2-phenylhydrazono)-1 H -pyrazol-5(4 H )-one 2 , resulting in novel disperse dyes. The primary objective was to explore the dyeing behavior of Dye 1–Dye 3 on polyester fabrics under varying conditions of time, temperature, shades, and pH levels. Upon systematically altering the dyeing parameters, such as temperature and duration, we observed a significant impact on the color strength ( K/S values) of polyester samples colored with the synthesized disperse dyes. Increasing the dyeing temperature from 110 to 130 °C and extending the dyeing duration from 10 to 30 min yielded enhanced coloration. This investigation amalgamated experimental measurements with theoretical density functional theory (DFT) calculations to elucidate the influence of functional groups (CH 3 , NO 2 ) on the dyeing performance. DFT calculations provided insights into electronic properties, including HOMO/LUMO energies, band gap, and electrophilicity index. The study revealed that introducing a CH 3 group in Dye 2 augmented color strength compared to Dye 1 , while a NO 2 group in Dye 3 exhibited the highest color strength ( K/S  = 30.9). This integration of experimental and computational approaches demonstrates the potential for optimizing dye design and improving dyeing performance tailored to specific textile applications.