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"domestic dogs"
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Arriving at a farm with sore paws and an empty stomach, a dog tries to convince the farmer that he could be just as valuable as a cow, a horse, or a chicken.
Book
demography of free‐roaming dog populations and applications to disease and population control
Understanding the demography of domestic dog populations is essential for effective disease control, particularly of canine‐mediated rabies. Demographic data are also needed to plan effective population management. However, no study has comprehensively evaluated the contribution of demographic processes (i.e. births, deaths and movement) to variations in dog population size or density, or determined the factors that regulate these processes, including human factors. We report the results of a 3‐year cohort study of domestic dogs, which is the first to generate detailed data on the temporal variation of these demographic characteristics. The study was undertaken in two communities in each of Bali, Indonesia and Johannesburg, South Africa, in rabies‐endemic areas and where the majority of dogs were free‐roaming. None of the four communities had been engaged in any dog population management interventions by local authorities or animal welfare organizations. All identified dogs in the four communities were monitored individually throughout the study. We observed either no population growth or a progressive decline in population size during the study period. There was no clear evidence that population size was regulated through environmental resource constraints. Rather, almost all of the identified dogs were owned and fed regularly by their owners, consistent with population size regulated by human demand. Finally, a substantial fraction of the dogs originated from outside the population, entirely through the translocation of dogs by people, rather than from local births. These findings demonstrate that previously reported growth of dog populations is not a general phenomenon and challenge the widely held view that free‐roaming dogs are unowned and form closed populations. Synthesis and applications. These observations have broad implications for disease and population control. The accessibility of dogs for vaccination and evaluation through owners and the movement of dogs (some of them infected) by people will determine the viable options for disease control strategies. The impact of human factors on population dynamics will also influence the feasibility of annual vaccination campaigns to control rabies and population control through culling or sterilization. The complex relationship between dogs and people is critically important in the transmission and control of canine‐mediated rabies. For effective management, human factors must be considered in the development of disease and population control programmes.
Journal Article
A farm for Maisie
\"When baby sheepdog Maisie moves to a new farm, she learns about each animal's special job and soon learns what her job will be\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Establishing a Sequencing Method for the Whole Mitochondrial DNA of Domestic Dogs
In human beings, whole mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing has been widely used in many research fields, including medicine, forensics, and genetics. With respect to the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris), which is commonly recognized as being an additional member of the traditional human family structure, research studies on mtDNA should be developed to expand and improve our collective knowledge of dog medicine and welfare as it seems that there is still room for further development in these areas. Moreover, a simple and robust method for sequencing whole mtDNA that can be applied to various dog breeds has not yet been described in the literature. In the present study, we aim to establish such a method for the whole mtDNA sequencing of the domestic dog. In the experiments we conducted, oral mucosa DNA samples obtained from six Japanese domestic dogs were used as a template. We designed four primer pairs that could amplify approximately 5 kbp from each region of the mtDNA and validated several PCR conditions. Subsequently, the PCR amplicons were pooled and subjected to library preparation. The sequencing of the libraries was performed using next-generation sequencing (NGS), followed by bioinformatics analysis. Our results demonstrate that the proposed method can be used to perform highly accurate resequencing. We believe that this method may be useful for future research conducted to better understand dog medicine and welfare.
Journal Article
Stick!
A puppy loves his new stick, but has trouble convincing any of the other animals to play with him.
Book
Dogs
This book traces the evolution of the dog, from its origins about 15,000 years ago up to recent times. The timing of dog domestication receives attention, with comparisons between different genetics-based models and archaeological evidence. Allometric patterns between dogs and their ancestors, wolves, shed light on the nature of the morphological changes that dogs underwent. Dog burials highlight a unifying theme of the whole book: the development of a distinctive social bond between dogs and people; the book also explores why dogs and people relate so well to each other. Though cosmopolitan in overall scope, the greatest emphasis is on the New World, with an entire chapter devoted to dogs of the arctic regions, mostly in the New World. Discussion of several distinctive modern roles of dogs underscores the social bond between dogs and people.
eBook
Biscuit's pet & play farm animals : a touch & feel book
Join Biscuit, everyone s favorite little yellow puppy, as he meets baby farm animals in this touch-and-feel board book!
Book
Evolution of facial muscle anatomy in dogs
Domestication shaped wolves into dogs and transformed both their behavior and their anatomy. Here we show that, in only 33,000 y, domestication transformed the facial muscle anatomy of dogs specifically for facial communication with humans. Based on dissections of dog and wolf heads, we show that the levator anguli oculi medialis, a muscle responsible for raising the inner eyebrow intensely, is uniformly present in dogs but not in wolves. Behavioral data, collected from dogs and wolves, show that dogs produce the eyebrow movement significantly more often and with higher intensity than wolves do, with highest-intensity movements produced exclusively by dogs. Interestingly, this movement increases paedomorphism and resembles an expression that humans produce when sad, so its production in dogs may trigger a nurturing response in humans. We hypothesize that dogs with expressive eyebrows had a selection advantage and that “puppy dog eyes” are the result of selection based on humans’ preferences.
Journal Article
Be careful what you sniff for
Sparky the sheepdog puppy digs up a magic bone that transports him to London, where he makes new friends, sees the sites, and gets into a bit of trouble.
Book
What makes a dog a label-learner: individual cognitive differences underlying label-learning abilities in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris)
Only a few dogs in the world are label-learners, with the ability to process and retain a vast number of object referents. Here we present data from a battery of cognitive tests that could explain why they outperform their conspecifics. In a citizen science approach, we instructed dog owners across five different countries, on how to administer a series of eight cognitive tests to their dogs. The group of label-learner dogs (
N
= 11) was then compared to control dogs (
N
= 11) that did not have that label learning ability. Our experiment demonstrates, for the first time, that the label-learner dogs’ ability might be based on measurable individual differences in three specific cognitive domains: their interest in novel objects, their targeted interest in objects and their inhibitory skills. Future research, replicating the results on a larger sample, can explore if the label-learner dogs’ outstanding cognitive skills are already present at the puppy stage or develop over time.
Journal Article