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Risky decision‐making, a ubiquitous aspect of human behavior, primarily encompasses two behavioral tendencies: risk seeking and risk aversion. Despite extensive exploration of the neural mechanisms involved in risk decision‐making, the specific neural activity patterns underlying risk seeking and risk aversion, along with their dynamic regulatory mechanisms, remain unclear. This study employed a comprehensive meta‐analysis approach that includes 43 risk seeking and 22 risk aversion whole‐brain experiments to explore the neural basis and functional networks of risk seeking and risk aversion. The results indicated that risk seeking was associated with activations in the right insula and left caudate, whereas risk aversion was related to activations in the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Further analyses showed that risk seeking primarily was linked to the reward network, salience network, and cognitive control network, while risk aversion primarily was involved in the cognitive control network and valuation network. These findings lend support to the dual‐system theory, wherein risk seeking is predominantly influenced by the emotional system, whereas risk aversion is primarily driven by the cognitive system. Our study offers a novel perspective on the neural mechanisms underpinning risky decision‐making and provides a theoretical foundation for interventions aimed at individuals with decision‐making impairments. A comprehensive meta‐analysis on neuroimaging studies of risk seeking and risk aversion was conducted. Risk seeking and risk aversion involve distinct neural activity. Risk seeking is primarily driven by reward. Risk aversion is largely governed by cognitive control systems. Reward network and cognitive network dynamically regulate decision models.

The implementation of a dual electric system that is capable of operating with either constant current and variable voltage, or constant voltage and variable current appliances, is one of the possible options to solve low-intensity stochastic energy utilization problems from renewable energy sources. This research paper analyzes the potential benefit of a novel three-phase dual system power inverter over the conventional inverter used in a solar power plant. The concept of such a power inverter is explained, and the digital twin model is created in a MATLAB Simulink environment. The efficiency characteristic of the simulated inverter is compared to the efficiency characteristic of a real conventional inverter. A standalone data logging system and an additional data acquisition system were used to collect and process data from the real inverter. Comparison of the digital twin inverter and the real conventional inverter shows the potential benefit of this novel inverter technology. It is shown that the novel inverter can operate in a wider range of DC input power. The potential economic benefit is also presented and discussed in the paper.

In order to solve the problem of moving rig quickly and reducing labor intensity in the mine face with trackless transportation conditions, a solution of rubber wheel drill which meets the working conditions is put forward. The drilling rig adopts the configuration of double power and double system, the power comes from the engine when moving, to achieve walking, steering, braking and temporary stability, relocation and transfer of high efficiency and flexibility, the power comes from the motor when drilling, to achieve rotation, feed and auxiliary Angle adjustment, safe and pollution-free construction. After the assembly and debugging of the whole machine, ground simulation test and underground industrial test were carried out on the rig. The test results show that the rig has strong maneuverability, one person can complete the moving walking, the maximum walking speed is 20km/h, and the steering is flexible and the braking is safe. The maximum depth of drilling hole construction is 318m, the target area hit rate reaches 77.8%, the working performance is stable, the hydraulic system is stable, and all parameters meet the design requirements. The equipment provides new technical equipment for the mine drilling construction with trackless transportation conditions.

Frame corrections have been studied in census applications for a long time. One very promising method is dual system estimation, which is based on capture–recapture models. These methods have been applied recently in the USA, England, Israel and Switzerland. In order to gain information on subgroups of the population, structure preserving estimators can be applied [i.e. structure preserving estimation (SPREE) and generalized SPREE]. The present paper extends the SPREE approach with an alternative distance function, the chi-square. The new method has shown improved estimates in our application with very small domains. A comparative study based on a large-scale Monte Carlo simulation elaborates on advantages and disadvantages of the estimators in the context of the German register-assisted Census 2011.

[...]the education system in higher education institutions has changed radically. [...]the system has the following tasks: - training of young professionals who can make a worthy contribution to economic development in each sector; - training of young people to ensure their well-being through skilled labor; - development of a methodology for the formation of competencies such as innovative and creative approach to their work, the development of creativity, intellectual, cultural and spiritual potential [4]. Because a bachelor's degree student must have a higher education in his / her field of study and be ready to work independently in the positions he / she is supposed to hold. The introduction of the concept of competence in the teaching of general methodological and specialized sciences in the educational process eliminates the gap between the teacher and the student, the theoretical knowledge and its practical application, that is, the student has difficulty in using it in problematic situations. [...]instead of the cognitive paradigm in which the teacher's level of knowledge is a priority in traditional education, the paradigm of a competent approach to the appropriate use of knowledge in problematic situations becomes a priority process [6]. First of all, let's get acquainted with the \"dual System\": Dual education is a type of training in which the theoretical, educational and practical part of the educational program is organized in a professional educational institution, the practical part related to production in the formation of skills and competencies in the enterprise (organization); Dual educational program is a set of documents

Epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a recognized eukaryotic cell differentiation program that is also observed in association with invasive tumors. Partial EMT program in carcinomas imparts cancer cells with mesenchymal‐like features and is proposed as essential for metastasis. Precise determination of the frequency of partial EMT program in cancer cells in tumors and its functional role in metastases needs unraveling. Here, we employed mesenchymal cell reporter mice driven by αSMA‐Cre and Fsp1‐Cre with genetically engineered mice that develop spontaneous pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) to monitor partial EMT program. Both αSMA ‐ and Fsp1 ‐ Cre ‐mediated partial EMT programs were observed in the primary tumors. The established metastases were primarily composed of cancer cells without evidence for a partial EMT program, as assessed by our fate mapping approach. In contrast, metastatic cancer cells exhibiting a partial EMT program were restricted to isolated single cancer cells or micrometastases (3–5 cancer cells). Collectively, our studies identify large metastatic nodules with preserved epithelial phenotype and potentially unravel a novel metastasis program in PDAC. Synopsis Epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered essential for pancreatic cancer metastasis. This study identifies non‐EMT‐mediated metastasis by lineage tracing partial EMT via a dual‐recombinase system in mice with fluorescence‐switching reporters and mesenchymal fate mapping transgenes. Partial EMT programs were observed in 2–3% cancer cells of the primary PDAC tumors, as captured by the lineage‐tracing system. Established lung and liver metastases were composed of cancer cells without evidence for partial EMT program, as determined by the acquisition of mesenchymal markers such as αSMA, FSP1 or vimentin. Metastatic cancer cells exhibiting a partial EMT program were observed only as disseminated single cancer cells or micrometastases (3–5 cells), but did not grow to become large secondary tumors. Graphical Abstract Epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered essential for pancreatic cancer metastasis. This study identifies non‐EMT‐mediated metastasis by lineage tracing partial EMT via a dual‐recombinase system in mice with fluorescence‐switching reporters and mesenchymal fate mapping transgenes.

Problematic use of social networking sites (SNS) and its adverse consequences have become prevalent, yet little is known about the conceptualization and etiology of problematic use of SNS. This study draws on dual-system theory (DST), borrowed from cognitive neuroscience (also known as reflective-impulsive theory of the mind and fast and slow thinking) to investigate what drives this phenomenon. The statistical analyses of time-lagged data collected from 341 Facebook users implicate an imbalance between two systems in the human mind, involving strong cognitive-emotional preoccupation with using the SNS (System 1, impulsive) and weak cognitive-behavioral control over using the SNS (System 2, reflective), as the driver of problematic SNS use behaviors. Problematic use of SNS, in turn, diminishes users' academic performance. This study contributes to research on the dark side of information systems (IS) use by conceptualizing problematic use and explaining its drivers and consequences. It demonstrates that the dual-system theory is an appropriate theoretical perspective for explaining problematic IS use, superior to planned-behavior-based models. It also explains some of the precursors of the dual system factors and offers practical implications to information technology artifact designers and users.

A primary objective of organic synthesis is to establish a catalytic methodology that is mild, straightforward, and economically efficient. Thioesters are widely employed in the realms of physiology, pharmacology, and agriculture. It is imperative to continuously expand the range of sulfur‐containing precursors to keep pace with the cutting‐edge advancements in the field of organic sulfur chemistry. This research has uncovered that polysulfide anions (K2Sx), which serve as reducing catalysts, can also effectively act as sulfur reagents, providing the formation of C(sp3)–S bonds through a photoredox catalysis with an oxidative photocatalyst tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT) and dual hydrogen atom transfer (DHAT) process. In a pioneering study, a combinatorial strategy of an oxidative photocatalyst TBADT is presented with a reductive photocatalyst K2Sx, enabled a photo‐induced three‐component coupling reaction of simple aldehydes with alkanes containing C(sp3)─H and polysulfide anions. A numbers of thioester derivatives are successfully obtained in good yields, while a by‐product H2S is captured and identified by gas chromatography analysis. Concurrently, density functional theory (DFT) calculations provided the theoretical support of the reaction mechanism. The research reveals that polysulfide anions (K2Sx), which serve as reducing catalysts, can also effectively act as sulfur reagents, providing the formation of C(sp3)─S bonds through photoredox catalysis with an oxidative photocatalyst tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT) and dual hydrogen atom transfer (DHAT) process.

Mainstream theories have not sufficiently explored the organic connection between fiscal and monetary systems. The requirement to establish a modern fiscal, tax, and financial system necessitates a more profound understanding of the interrelated effects between fiscal and monetary systems. This paper, based on a comprehensive analytical framework for fiscal influence on the monetary system, explores the institutional foundation, transmission channels, and regulatory capabilities through which the fiscal authorities affect monetary circulation. There are three findings. First, the Treasury Single Account (TSA) system, the capital contributor responsibility system with the fiscal authorities fulfilling responsibilities as the capital contributor for state-owned commercial banks, and the fiscal credit system endow fiscal authorities with the ability to influence money creation. Second, fiscal authorities exert a significant influence on the monetary market: With regard to money supply, treasury deposits are a vital factor influencing the broad money, and the impact of treasury deposits on money supply exhibits significant cyclical characteristics; And in terms of public financial product production, over the past decade, the proportion of fiscal credit relative to commercial credit has been on the rise, with 11.04% to 31.29% of loans from financial institutions in 2022 categorized as fiscal credit. Third, relevant authorities have employed open market operations to counteract disturbances from treasury revenues and expenditures, have utilized structural monetary policy tools in conjunction with fiscal production of public financial products, expanded government bond space through the characteristics of state-owned financial capital as a fiscal contributor, and supported the central bank’s macro-prudential management through their role as the capital contributor for state-owned commercial banks.

Building on the dual-system theory of judgment, we propose an intuitive and deliberate framework for understanding the effects of preference construction in choice. We argue that while certain choice effects can be attributed primarily to rapid, unintentional, and intuitive processing, others arise from intentional and deliberate processing. We use this distinction to group choice effects previously identified in the literature, discuss evidence in support of the dual-system framework of preference construction, and propose new research directions. Since the defining property of intuitive versus deliberate mental processes is the degree to which they engage working memory, the proposed framework sheds light on how these previously identified effects will change with conditions such as the availability of cognitive resources. We conclude by calling for additional research to explore the interplay between intuitive and deliberate processing to determine which processes are implicated in generating a preference, as well as research on new moderators of choice effects based on the difference in the amount of willful information processing that underlies decision making.