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Acetazolamide in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure with Volume Overload
In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, patients with acute decompensated heart failure and volume overload who received intravenous acetazolamide plus a loop diuretic had a higher incidence of decongestion.
Journal Article
In Situ Hybridization Strategy Constructs Heterogeneous Interfaces to Form Electronically Modulated MoSsub.2/FeSsub.2 as the Anode for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Storage
The interfacial effect is important for anodes of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) to achieve superior lithium-ion storage performance. In this paper, a MoS[sub.2]/FeS[sub.2] heterojunction is synthesized by a simple hydrothermal reaction to construct the interface effect, and the heterostructure introduces an inherent electric field that accelerates the de-embedding process of lithium ions, improves the electron transfer capability, and effectively mitigates volume expansion. XPS analysis confirms evident chemical interaction between MoS[sub.2] and FeS[sub.2] via an interfacial covalent bond (Mo–S–Fe). This MoS[sub.2]/FeS[sub.2] anode shows a distinct interfacial effect for efficient interatomic electron migration. The electrochemical performance demonstrated that the discharge capacity can reach up to 1217.8 mA h g[sup.−1] at 0.1 A g[sup.−1] after 200 cycles, with a capacity retention rate of 72.9%. After 2000 cycles, the capacity retention is about 61.6% at 1.0 A g[sup.−1], and the discharge capacity can still reach 638.9 mA h g[sup.−1]. Electrochemical kinetic analysis indicated an enhanced pseudocapacitance contribution and that the MoS[sub.2]/FeS[sub.2] had sufficient adsorption of lithium ions. This paper therefore argues that this interfacial engineering is an effective solution for designing sulfide-based anodes with good electrochemical properties.
Journal Article
Melamine Cyanaurate Microrods Decorated with SnOsub.2 Quantum Dots for Photoelectrochemical Applications
This study employs a simple and cost-effective technique to enhance the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting performance of melamine cyanaurate microrods (M), SnO[sub.2] nanostructures (S), and melamine cyanaurate microrods decorated with SnO[sub.2] quantum dots (MS) by optimizing NaOH and Na[sub.2]SO[sub.3] electrolytes. Notably, the MS electrode demonstrates a remarkable improvement in PEC efficiency in Na[sub.2]SO[sub.3] solution associated with NaOH solution. Specifically, the induced currents of the MS anode in the Na[sub.2]SO[sub.3] electrolyte are approximately 6.28 mAcm[sup.−2] more than those observed in the NaOH electrolyte solution. It is revealed that SO[sub.3] [sup.2−] anions effectively consume the holes, leading to improved separation of the generated charge pairs. This effective charge separation mechanism significantly contributes to the enhanced PEC performance observed in Na[sub.2]SO[sub.3] electrolytes. The findings of this study suggest a capable approach for improving the PEC activity of the materials through the careful optimization of the supported electrolytes.
Journal Article
Aggressive or Moderate Fluid Resuscitation in Acute Pancreatitis
Early aggressive hydration is widely recommended for the management of acute pancreatitis, but evidence for this practice is limited.
At 18 centers, we randomly assigned patients who presented with acute pancreatitis to receive goal-directed aggressive or moderate resuscitation with lactated Ringer's solution. Aggressive fluid resuscitation consisted of a bolus of 20 ml per kilogram of body weight, followed by 3 ml per kilogram per hour. Moderate fluid resuscitation consisted of a bolus of 10 ml per kilogram in patients with hypovolemia or no bolus in patients with normovolemia, followed by 1.5 ml per kilogram per hour in all patients in this group. Patients were assessed at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours, and fluid resuscitation was adjusted according to the patient's clinical status. The primary outcome was the development of moderately severe or severe pancreatitis during the hospitalization. The main safety outcome was fluid overload. The planned sample size was 744, with a first planned interim analysis after the enrollment of 248 patients.
A total of 249 patients were included in the interim analysis. The trial was halted owing to between-group differences in the safety outcomes without a significant difference in the incidence of moderately severe or severe pancreatitis (22.1% in the aggressive-resuscitation group and 17.3% in the moderate-resuscitation group; adjusted relative risk, 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78 to 2.18; P = 0.32). Fluid overload developed in 20.5% of the patients who received aggressive resuscitation and in 6.3% of those who received moderate resuscitation (adjusted relative risk, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.36 to 5.94, P = 0.004). The median duration of hospitalization was 6 days (interquartile range, 4 to 8) in the aggressive-resuscitation group and 5 days (interquartile range, 3 to 7) in the moderate-resuscitation group.
In this randomized trial involving patients with acute pancreatitis, early aggressive fluid resuscitation resulted in a higher incidence of fluid overload without improvement in clinical outcomes. (Funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III and others; WATERFALL ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04381169.).
Journal Article
Impact of a new balanced gelatine on electrolytes and pH in the perioperative care
Balanced fluid replacement solutions can possibly reduce the risks for electrolyte imbalances, for acid-base imbalances, and thus for renal failure. To assess the intraoperative change of base excess (BE) and chloride in serum after treatment with either a balanced gelatine/electrolyte solution or a non-balanced gelatine/electrolyte solution, a prospective, controlled, randomized, double-blind, dual centre phase III study was conducted in two tertiary care university hospitals in Germany.
40 patients of both sexes, aged 18 to 90 years, who were scheduled to undergo elective abdominal surgery with assumed intraoperative volume requirement of at least 15 mL/kg body weight gelatine solution were included. Administration of study drug was performed intravenously according to patients need. The trigger for volume replacement was a central venous pressure (CVP) minus positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) <10 mmHg (CVP <10 mmHg). The crystalloid:colloid ratio was 1:1 intra- and postoperatively. The targets for volume replacement were a CVP between 10 and 14 mmHg minus PEEP after treatment with vasoactive agent and mean arterial pressure (MAP) > 65 mmHg.
The primary endpoints, intraoperative changes of base excess -2.59 ± 2.25 (median: -2.65) mmol/L (balanced group) and -4.79 ± 2.38 (median: -4.70) mmol/L (non-balanced group)) or serum chloride 2.4 ± 1.9 (median: 3.0) mmol/L and 5.2 ± 3.1 (median: 5.0) mmol/L were significantly different (p = 0.0117 and p = 0.0045, respectively). In both groups (each n = 20) the investigational product administration in terms of volume and infusion rate was comparable throughout the course of the study, i.e. before, during and after surgery.
Balanced gelatine solution 4% combined with a balanced electrolyte solution demonstrated significant smaller impact on blood gas analytic parameters in the primary endpoints BE and serum chloride when compared to a non-balanced gelatine solution 4% combined with NaCl 0.9%. No marked treatment differences were observed with respect to haemodynamics, coagulation and renal function.
ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01515397) and clinicaltrialsregister.eu, EudraCT number 2010-018524-58.
Journal Article
Solid-State Electrolyte for Lithium-Air Batteries: A Review
Traditional lithium–air batteries (LABs) have been seriously affected by cycle performance and safety issues due to many problems such as the volatility and leakage of liquid organic electrolyte, the generation of interface byproducts, and short circuits caused by the penetration of anode lithium dendrite, which has hindered its commercial application and development. In recent years, the emergence of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) for LABs well alleviated the above problems. SSEs can prevent moisture, oxygen, and other contaminants from reaching the lithium metal anode, and their inherent performance can solve the generation of lithium dendrites, making them potential candidates for the development of high energy density and safety LABs. This paper mainly reviews the research progress of SSEs for LABs, the challenges and opportunities for synthesis and characterization, and future strategies are addressed.
Journal Article
Applications of Polymer Electrolytes in Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Review
Polymer electrolytes, a type of electrolyte used in lithium-ion batteries, combine polymers and ionic salts. Their integration into lithium-ion batteries has resulted in significant advancements in battery technology, including improved safety, increased capacity, and longer cycle life. This review summarizes the mechanisms governing ion transport mechanism, fundamental characteristics, and preparation methods of different types of polymer electrolytes, including solid polymer electrolytes and gel polymer electrolytes. Furthermore, this work explores recent advancements in non-aqueous Li-based battery systems, where polymer electrolytes lead to inherent performance improvements. These battery systems encompass Li-ion polymer batteries, Li-ion solid-state batteries, Li-air batteries, Li-metal batteries, and Li-sulfur batteries. Notably, the advantages of polymer electrolytes extend beyond enhancing safety. This review also highlights the remaining challenges and provides future perspectives, aiming to propose strategies for developing novel polymer electrolytes for high-performance Li-based batteries.
Journal Article