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[...]of confirmatory factor analysis it was seen that the structure model which has 6 subscale and 2 composite scale was in consistent with the structure of the original scale. [...]of reliability analysis the Cronbach's Alpha values were found as 0.91 for general negative reactivity, 0.92 for general positive reactivity, 0.76 for negative-activation, 0.81 for negative-intensity, 0.85 for negative-duration, 0.79 for positive-activation, 0.82 for positive-intensity, 0.83 for positive-duration. [...]it was determined that Perth Emotional Reactivity Scale - Short Form is a valid and reliable scale for Turkish community. [...]these methods may not be functional with regards to time and application. Because of this, self-report scales which help evaluating emotional reactivity, have been developed by the researchers.

We investigated the relation between emotional reactivity measured by Perth Emotional Reactivity Scale–Short Form (PERS-S) and trust in fictitious news stories on crime. In Study 1 we found on a sample of 508 older adults (M = 70.6 years) that their general positive and negative emotional reactivity was associated with trust in the presented misinformation, experienced negative emotions elicited by the news stories and willingness to share the news. For young adults in Study 2 (N = 186; M = 21.7) there was a weaker association between emotional reactivity and trust in misinformation, which involved only negative emotional reactivity. For both samples, trust in fictitious news stories was associated with trust in traditional and new media. There was no association between trust in fictitious news stories and the amount of news consumption and Internet use. Based on our findings, the focus on emotion control and critical reading seems to be important in the fight against misinformation.

Child maltreatment is a robust risk factor for internalizing and externalizing psychopathology in children and adolescents. We examined the role of disruptions in emotion regulation processes as a developmental mechanism linking child maltreatment to the onset of multiple forms of psychopathology in adolescents. Specifically, we examined whether child maltreatment was associated with emotional reactivity and maladaptive cognitive and behavioral responses to distress, including rumination and impulsive behaviors, in two separate samples. We additionally investigated whether each of these components of emotion regulation were associated with internalizing and externalizing psychopathology and mediated the association between child maltreatment and psychopathology. Study 1 included a sample of 167 adolescents recruited based on exposure to physical, sexual, or emotional abuse. Study 2 included a sample of 439 adolescents in a community-based cohort study followed prospectively for 5 years. In both samples, child maltreatment was associated with higher levels of internalizing psychopathology, elevated emotional reactivity, and greater habitual engagement in rumination and impulsive responses to distress. In Study 2, emotional reactivity and maladaptive responses to distress mediated the association between child maltreatment and both internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. These findings provide converging evidence for the role of emotion regulation deficits as a transdiagnostic developmental pathway linking child maltreatment with multiple forms of psychopathology.

Abstract We conducted a transcultural adaptation and validation of the Perth Emotion Reactivity Scale for Brazilian contexts, introducing the Brazilian version (PERS-Br) in its standard and short forms. Participants were 452 Brazilian adults stratified by region. We investigated four structural models for the PERS-Br with confirmatory factor analyses. Reliability was assessed with internal consistency measures. Both versions of the PERS-Br demonstrated robust structural validity and reliability, with the hierarchical model emerging as the most adequate. Older participants exhibited higher Positive Reactivity scores, while younger participants leaned towards higher Negative Reactivity scores. The standard version of the PERS-Br presented potential redundancies. Further validations of the PERS-Br, exploring how it relates to other constructs and its correlations with psychophysiological measures, are recommended. Overall, the PERS-Br, especially the short-version, emerges as a promising tool for probing affective experiences in Brazil in future studies on emotional reactivity. Resumo Realizamos a adaptação transcultural e validação da Perth Emotion Reactivity Scale (PERS) para o contexto brasileiro, introduzindo a versão brasileira (PERS-Br) em suas formas padrão e resumida. A amostra foi de 452 adultos com estratificação por Região. Quatro modelos para a estrutura interna da PERS-Br foram investigadas com análise fatorial confirmatória. A fidedignidade do instrumento foi avaliada com medidas de consistência interna. Ambas as versões da PERS-Br demonstraram sólida validade estrutural e confiabilidade, com o modelo hierárquico se destacando como a estrutura de fatores mais adequada. Participantes mais velhos exibiram pontuações mais altas de reatividade positiva, enquanto os mais jovens apresentaram pontuações mais altas de reatividade negativa. Nuances adicionais foram observadas na reatividade emocional em relação aos níveis de educação. A versão padrão da PERS-Br apresentou possíveis redundâncias. Validações adicionais da PERS-Br, explorando relações com outros construtos e suas correlações com medidas psicofisiológicas, são recomendadas. A PERS-Br, especialmente a versão abreviada, desponta como um instrumento promissor para investigações de reatividade emocional no Brasil. Resumen Realizamos la adaptación transcultural y validación de la Perth Emotion Reactivity Scale (PERS) para el contexto brasileño, introduciendo la versión brasileña (PERS-Br) en sus formas estándar y resumida. La muestra fue de 452 adultos con estratificación por región. Se investigaron cuatro modelos para la estructura interna de la PERS-Br mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio. La confiabilidad del instrumento fue evaluada con medidas de consistencia interna. Ambas versiones de la PERS-Br demostraron sólidas evidencias de validez de la restructura interna y de confiabilidad, destacándose el modelo jerárquico como la estructura de factores más adecuada. Los participantes mayores exhibieron puntuaciones más altas de reactividad positiva, mientras que los más jóvenes presentaron puntuaciones más altas de reactividad negativa. Se observaron matices adicionales en la reactividad emocional en relación con los niveles de educación. La versión estándar de la PERS-Br presentó posibles redundancias. Se recomiendan validaciones adicionales de la PERS-Br, explorando las relaciones con otros constructos y sus correlaciones con medidas psicofisiológicas. La PERS-Br, especialmente la versión abreviada, se destaca como un instrumento prometedor para investigaciones de reactividad emocional en Brasil.

Cardiovascular stress reactivity (CVR) is considered as a physiological pathway linking emotional reactivity and emotion regulation with psychopathology. However, the associations between CVR and emotional reactivity and emotion regulation remain underexplored, with limited evidence showing that either excessive or blunted CVR is associated with emotional reactivity and emotional regulation. Recently, moderate CVR has been theoretically hypothesized to be related to optimal outcomes; however, whether CVR is nonlinearly associated with emotional reactivity and emotion regulation still needs to be investigated. Parents of 341 junior school students reported their children’s emotional reactivity and emotion regulation on the Emotion Questionnaire, and the students were invited to participate in a mental arithmetic task with continuous cardiovascular monitoring indexed by heart rate (HR) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP). Results did not reveal any linear relationships between CVR and emotional reactivity or emotion regulation. However, quadratic associations between HR, SBP reactivity and emotional reactivity and emotion regulation were found even after controlling for sex, age and BMI. Specifically, there was a U-shaped association between HR, SBP reactivity, and emotional reactivity, while there was an inverted U-shaped association between HR, SBP reactivity, and emotion regulation. These findings suggest that moderate to high rather than exaggerated or blunted CVR reflects adaptive emotional reactivity and better emotion regulation among adolescents.

In addition to the serious physical and medical effects on individuals, the COVID-19 pandemic is likely to have short- and long-term psycho-social consequences, especially for young people. Nowadays, with psychological problems becoming more widely recognized in adolescents, it is possible that the fear and anxiety caused by the pandemic will trigger various anxiety disorders, OCD and similar negative outcomes. Considering that psychological qualities such as emotional reactivity and experiential avoidance observed in adolescents may increase the risk of such psycho-social disorders, in this study the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and OCD was investigated in a Turkish sample of 598 adolescents, and the mediating role of emotional reactivity, experiential avoidance and depression-anxiety in this relationship was examined. The data collection was performed online rather than in person because of the COVID-19 threat. A structural equation model was used to determine the direct and indirect predictive effects between variables in data analysis. The results of the study show that the effect of COVID-19 fear on OCD is mediated by emotional reactivity, experiential avoidance and depression-anxiety.

Using a multimethod, multiinformant longitudinal design, we examined associations between specific forms of positive and negative emotional reactivity at age 5, children’s effortful control (EC), emotion regulation, and social skills at age 7, and adolescent functioning across psychological, academic, and physical health domains at ages 15/16 ( N = 383). We examined how distinct components of childhood emotional reactivity directly and indirectly predict domain-specific forms of adolescent adjustment, thereby identifying developmental pathways between specific types of emotional reactivity and adjustment above and beyond the propensity to express other forms of emotional reactivity. Age 5 high-intensity positivity was associated with lower age 7 EC and more adolescent risk-taking; age 5 low-intensity positivity was associated with better age 7 EC and adolescent cardiovascular health, providing evidence for the heterogeneity of positive emotional reactivity. Indirect effects indicated that children’s age 7 social skills partially explain several associations between age 5 fear and anger reactivity and adolescent adjustment. Moreover, age 5 anger reactivity, low-, and high-intensity positivity were associated with adolescent adjustment via age 7 EC. The findings from this interdisciplinary, long-term longitudinal study have significant implications for prevention and intervention work aiming to understand the role of emotional reactivity in the etiology of adjustment and psychopathology.

Emotion dysregulation has been associated with increases in many forms of psychopathology in adolescents and adults. The development of effective emotion regulation skills is important during adolescence, especially as stressful life events increase during this time. The current study examined two emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal and affective suppression, in interaction with self-report and biological measures of emotional reactivity as predictors of internalizing symptoms. A community sample of adolescents (n = 127), at an age of risk for depression and anxiety, completed self-report measures of emotional reactivity and internalizing symptoms. In addition, they completed a modified social stress task and were assessed on biological measures of reactivity and regulation. Findings suggested that the trait tendency to reappraise was associated with a reduced impact of emotional reactivity on depressive, but not anxiety symptoms. Implications for shared and specific aspects of emotional reactivity and regulation are discussed.

Emotions are biologically-based responses that help an organism meet challenges and opportunities, and involve changes in subjective experience, behavior, and physiology. Emotions arise when something important to us is at stake. Although many factors have been associated with healthy emotional regulation, the role of sleep in this process has been largely ignored. Recent studies, however, have begun to delineate how sleep critically affects emotional functioning. Nighttime sleep affects daytime mood, emotional reactivity and the capacity to regulate positive and negative emotions; conversely, daytime experiences affect sleep. Hence, there is a complex interplay between sleep and emotional regulation. The objective of this article is to examine this interplay in adults. This objective is addressed by utilizing a framework that identifies key aspects of the relationship between sleep and emotion. We propose that the connectivity between the emotional centers of the brain — the prefontal cortex and the amygdala — is in part dependent on the homeostatic sleep system such that connectivity between these brain networks is higher when rested and lower when sleep deprived. High connectivity drives more efficient executive functioning, while a disconnect leads to poor executive functioning capacity including emotional reactivity and impulsivity. The cognitive effects of the homeostatic system are couple with the mood regulation effects of the circadian system together dictating the degree to which one experiences emotional regulation or dysregulation. Further, the affective brain systems of individuals with clinical symptomology and/or pathology are suggested to be more vulnerable to homeostatic pressure and circadian lows or misalignment resulting in increased affective clinical symptomology. We review empirical evidence that supports this framework and explore the implications of this framework. Finally, we describe future directions for this type of work.

Classic psychedelics profoundly alter emotional states, inducing intense acute experiences lasting hours, followed by subtler, longer‐lasting changes in emotional reactivity that can persist for weeks. While experimental and clinical studies document these prolonged effects, the highly context‐dependent nature of psychedelic experiences leaves open the question of whether naturalistic, nonclinical use similarly modulates emotional processing. To investigate this, we conducted a preregistered, cross‐sectional fMRI study comparing experienced psychedelic users (≥ 10 lifetime uses; N = 33) with closely matched nonusers (N = 34). Participants performed an emotional face recognition task, and we examined behavioral performance and neural responses to angry, happy, and fearful facial expressions. Behavioral results revealed that psychedelic users recognized angry expressions more quickly and accurately, indicating enhanced processing efficiency for threat‐related stimuli. Consistent with this, whole‐brain fMRI analyses showed reduced activation to anger in key limbic and salience network regions. Psychedelic users also exhibited heightened responses to happy expressions in parietal and sensorimotor cortices—aligning with prior clinical observations—as well as increased precuneus activation to fearful expressions. Region‐of‐interest analyses further demonstrated reduced differentiation between emotional categories in two default mode network nodes: the frontal medial cortex and parahippocampal gyrus. These findings provide a nuanced characterization of neurofunctional changes in emotional processing linked to repeated naturalistic psychedelic use. By bridging clinical and real‐world contexts, this work deepens our understanding of the potential long‐term consequences of psychedelics and complements existing evidence from controlled therapeutic settings. Key Points Psychedelic users demonstrated faster and more accurate recognition of angry facial expressions compared to nonusers, suggesting enhanced processing efficiency of threat‐related stimuli during the emotional face classification task. Psychedelic users exhibited lower activation in limbic and salience network regions in response to anger, but greater activation in sensorimotor and parietal regions in response to happiness, and greater precuneus activation to fear in comparison to nonusers. Region‐of‐interest analyses revealed reduced differentiation of emotional categories in default mode network regions (frontal medial cortex and parahippocampal gyrus); however, no differences in amygdala activation were found. This cross‐sectional fMRI study compared experienced psychedelic users and matched nonusers on behavioral and neural responses to emotional facial expressions. Findings reveal neurofunctional differences between groups in emotional reactivity, highlighting both similarities and important distinctions in the long‐term effects of naturalistic versus controlled (clinical) psychedelic use.