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"energy consumption distribution"
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Energy consumption distribution and optimization of additive manufacturing
With growing concerns about energy and environmental issues, much research attention has been focused on manufacturing activities that consume significant amounts of energy and influence the environment. In the manufacturing field, additive manufacturing (AM) is a new production technology that can process complex parts and has high material utilization, which also has the problem of excessive energy consumption and has raised concern. However, the existing research primarily focuses on the process of AM energy consumption and its impact on the environment; the energy consumption distribution of AM equipment is still lacking. This study proposes an analytical method for addressing the energy consumption distribution of AM equipment by classifying the equipment into different energy units. In particular, the energy consumption and energy distribution of different types of AM equipment including fused deposition modeling (FDM), stereo lithography apparatus, and selective laser melting are discussed. Then, the energy consumption distribution characteristics of the three different AM equipment are investigated by machining a conventional structure using the proposed energy consumption quantification method based on energy units. The results show that the proposed method can effectively and quickly predict the energy consumption of AM equipment. Based on the energy consumption distribution method, to improve the process energy efficiency, a process optimization method considering energy consumption and forming quality is proposed to obtain the optimal process parameters of FDM. This method can provide support for energy consumption prediction and energy efficiency improvement of AM.
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Research on measurement and management of energy consumption distribution of ship engines
Intelligent ship energy efficiency online monitoring systems should possess the capability to monitor a ship’s primary energy-consuming equipment, navigation conditions, and other relevant parameters. In this study, the parameters obtained from engine test data were integrated into the system for verification purposes. The analysis focused on energy distribution and variations in the excess air coefficient under different loading conditions. The calculation results indicate that the proportions of turbocharger absorption power and shaft power increase with an increase in load, whereas the proportions of other losses decrease accordingly. Notably, the excess air coefficient exceeds 2 under each load condition and remains relatively constant after reaching 50% load. These findings suggest that the model meets the criteria for energy consumption monitoring. This methodology enables the pre-installation testing of system operation. Furthermore, this analytical approach facilitates engineers in assessing the engine’s operating state and provides insights for fault diagnosis based on changes in energy consumption distribution. It also empowers developers and managers to comprehend the direction of engine development.
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Study on Energy Consumption Distribution of High Ferric-Based Silicon Coagulant Using Fractal Dimension
High ferric-based silicon coagulant is a kind of new self-made coagulant. The high ferric content was introduced in the preparation process of the coagulant, and the effect was good in dealing with simulated industrial wastewater with lead. The beaker test indicated that the lead removal rate reached the highest 96.48% when the rapid stirring speed was 300r/min and stirring time was 1min, low stirring speed was 80r/min and stirring time was 15min, the dosage of the coagulant was 3.5ml/L. And the fractal dimension of flocs was 1.67674 under that optimum conditions. The low stirring stage was divided into three different stages in the orthogonal experiment of energy consumption, and the result showed that the optimum combination of flocculation was: velocity gradient G1=67.7s-1, stirring time T1=4min; G2=57.8 s-1, T2=5min; G3=23.9s-1, T3=6min. The removal rate of lead ion improved and the energy consumption decreased when the flocculation was divided into different stages. The relations between fractal dimension and energy consumption distribution can be obtained by calculated the fractal dimension of different stages. The stirring speed can be controlled and the flocs can be prevented from being broken by observing the flocs.
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Energy Consumption of Turbine Unit with Varying Exhaust Pressure under Off-Designed Conditions
The exhaust pressure affects the economic performance of the whole power unit greatly. Based on the theory of energy specific fuel consumption (ESFC), the changing principle of energy consumption in a power unit was studied. In the turbine unit, the energy-consumption caused by topological factors was also discussed with different exhaust pressure. The results showed that the changing of exhaust pressure makes great effects on topological energy consumption of steam turbine. It makes great reference for the energy-saving diagnosis of the energy consumption for the overall power units.
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Analyzing the Distribution of Energy Consumption of Coagulation Technological Using the Fractal Dimension
Using self-made high-ferric-based silicon coagulant to deal with the lead containing industrial wastewater. Firstly we can define the optimum dosage of coagulant by jar test, and then utilize orthogonal experiment to seek the best energy consumption allocation decision at different levels. Combining with the fractal dimension of flocs, it can directly reflect the flocs growth of each stage in the distribution of energy consumption, and can guide the operating conditions of coagulation technology. This method not only makes water treatment economical and efficient, but also offers the comparatively scientific design data for the design of the flocculation tank in water works.
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The effect of carbon dioxide emission and the consumption of electrical energy, fossil fuel energy, and renewable energy, on economic performance: evidence from Pakistan
Energy affects the economic growth and development of a country. Renewable energy has become an important part of the world’s energy consumption. The use of fossil fuel energy contributes to global warming and carbon dioxide emissions, and has a detrimental effect on the environment. The long-run and short-run causality relationships between electric power consumption, renewable electricity output, renewable energy consumption, fossil fuel energy consumption, energy use, carbon dioxide emissions, and gross domestic product per capita for Pakistan over the period of 1990–2017 were investigated in this paper using the autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach to cointegration. The augmented Dickey–Fuller unit root test and the Phillips–Perron unit root test were used to check the stationarity of the variables, while the Johansen cointegration test was applied to check the robustness of the long-run relationships. The Granger causality test under the vector error correction model extracted during the short-run estimation showed a unidirectional relationship among all variables except for the relationship between gross domestic product per capita and carbon dioxide emission, which was bidirectional (feedback hypothesis). The evidence showed that in the long run, carbon dioxide emissions, electric power consumption, and renewable electricity output had a positive and significant relationship with the gross domestic product per capita, while the relationship of renewable energy consumption, energy use, and fossil fuel energy consumption with the gross domestic product per capita had a negative effect. Overall, the long-run effects of the variables were found to have a stronger effect on the gross domestic product per capita than the short-run dynamics, which indicated that the findings were heterogeneous. The evidence suggests that the government of Pakistan should take steps to enhance the use of renewable energy resources to resolve the energy crisis in the country and introduce new policies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
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Energy management and operational control methods for grid battery energy storage systems
Energy storage is one of the key means for improving the flexibility, economy and security of power system. It is also important in promoting new energy consumption and the energy Internet. Therefore, energy storage is expected to support distributed power and the micro-grid, promote open sharing and flexible trading of energy production and consumption, and realize multi-functional coordination. In recent years, with the rapid development of the battery energy storage industry, its technology has shown the characteristics and trends for large-scale integration and distributed applications with multi-objective collaboration. As a grid-level application, energy management systems (EMS) of a battery energy storage system (BESS) were deployed in real time at utility control centers as an important component of power grid management. Based on the analysis of the development status of a BESS, this paper introduced application scenarios, such as reduction of power output fluctuations, agreement to the output plan at the renewable energy generation side, power grid frequency adjustment, power flow optimization at the power transmission side, and a distributed and mobile energy storage system at the power distribution side. The studies and application status of a BESS in recent years were reviewed. The energy management, operation control methods, and application scenes of large-scale BESSs were also examined in the study.
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Revealing the dynamic effects of fossil fuel energy, nuclear energy, renewable energy, and carbon emissions on Pakistan’s economic growth
The primary goal of this study was to examine the relationship between fossil fuel energy, electricity production from nuclear sources, renewable energy, CO
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emissions, and economic growth in Pakistan. Data ranging from 1975 to 2019 were utilized, and the stationarity of this data was verified through the unit root testing. The dynamic connections between variables were investigated by utilizing the linear autoregressive distributed lag technique. Long-run analysis results uncover that fossil fuel energy, renewable energy use, CO
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emissions, and GDP per capita have a productive relationship with economic progress in Pakistan, whereas electric power consumption, electricity produced from nuclear sources, and energy utilization have an adverse effect on economic growth. Furthermore, the consequences revealed that fossil fuel energy, renewable energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, and GDP per capita have a significant linkage to Pakistan’s economic growth via short run, whereas we revealed that the variables electric power consumption, electricity produced from nuclear sources, and energy usage have an adversative linkage to Pakistan’s economic growth. Feasible progressive policies are required from the Pakistani government to pay more attention for tackling the energy and power sectors’ issues in terms of fulfilling the country’s energy requirements.
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Renewable Energy and Energy Storage Systems
The use of fossil fuels has contributed to climate change and global warming, which has led to a growing need for renewable and ecologically friendly alternatives to these. It is accepted that renewable energy sources are the ideal option to substitute fossil fuels in the near future. Significant progress has been made to produce renewable energy sources with acceptable prices at a commercial scale, such as solar, wind, and biomass energies. This success has been due to technological advances that can use renewable energy sources effectively at lower prices. More work is needed to maximize the capacity of renewable energy sources with a focus on their dispatchability, where the function of storage is considered crucial. Furthermore, hybrid renewable energy systems are needed with good energy management to balance the various renewable energy sources’ production/consumption/storage. This work covers the progress done in the main renewable energy sources at a commercial scale, including solar, wind, biomass, and hybrid renewable energy sources. Moreover, energy management between the various renewable energy sources and storage systems is discussed. Finally, this work discusses the recent progress in green hydrogen production and fuel cells that could pave the way for commercial usage of renewable energy in a wide range of applications.
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