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A multi-perspective assessment approach of renewable energy production: policy perspective analysis
Around the globe, all developing and developed economies focus on renewable energy sources for clean and sustainable economic growth and aim to decrease carbon emission to improve the climatic condition. This study aims to evaluate the feasible renewable energy source in Pakistan and study the criteria based on the investigation of wind energy, biomass energy, geothermal and solar energy, and their effects on Pakistan’s climate. As renewable energy, clean and sustainable production is only produced from renewable energy sources; the current paper bears the viability of five primary renewable energy sources in Pakistan. This article established an advanced fuzzy (AHP) with a multi-perspective approach based on the expert assessment to select the efficient renewable energy in Pakistan. Further in this study, we utilized the DEA model to investigate the relative efficacy of renewable energy. This study indicated that wind energy is the efficient renewable energy source in Pakistan, which showed an efficiency score of 0. 1000. Our results further suggested that wind energy’s next option for renewable energy solar best for renewable production in Pakistan. The results further exposed that the solar is the second-highest energy source with an efficiency score of 0. 777. Moreover, geothermal gets a less efficient score, that of 0.198. Further, our study showed that the economic benefits (EBs) and environmental implication criteria are significant in this research. This article gives a strong recommendation for a future wind energy source in Pakistan. Our results suggest that the best renewable energy source in the future is wind energy for the sustainable and economic development of Pakistan and other developing countries.
Journal Article
Solar electricity basics : powering your home or office with solar energy
A guide that discusses \"how to size, cost, and choose the right system, including off-grid vs. grid-tied vs. grid-tied with battery backup; where to mount a system for maximum performance; what type of modules and inverters to buy; how to install and maintain batteries; cost vs. benefit for solar electric systems; [and] how to connect to the grid, and what type of net metering your area offers\"--Publisher marketing.
Book
Biomass Energy in Malaysia: Current Scenario, Policies, and Implementation Challenges
The energy demand in Malaysia has shown a dramatic increase over the last few years: with natural gas and coal being the primary contributors. Nevertheless, due to declining in fossil fuel reserves coupled with negative environmental impacts, shifting to sustainable renewable energy for meeting the future energy demand is recommended. Since Malaysia is rich with natural resources, utilization of biomass energy (bioenergy/biofuel) as the alternative energy is promising to be further explored. Therefore, this review paper intents to discuss the current scenario of different types of biomass energy in Malaysia along with the up-to-date local biomass energy–related environmental policy (from 2016 onwards). In addition, challenges and barriers for large-scale implementation of the biomass energy in Malaysia are to be discussed. Overall, this review paper is interesting as it can assist in promoting the biomass utilization as energy source, and to ensure the future growth of biomass energy market in the country along with its effective implementation while alleviating poor disposal problem and to create job employment opportunities. Furthermore, a collective effort to expand potential biomass feedstocks, apart from oil palm, should be emphasized to encourage the renewable energy production diversification in the nation.
Journal Article
Impacts of green and non-green energies production and R&D on ecological and carbon footprints
Environmental contamination has grown to be a major issue for policymakers in recent years. This proposed study fills this void by presenting an empirical analysis that considers the effects of different green (hydropower, geothermal, solar, nuclear, and wind energy) and non-green (coal, oil, and gas) energy productions on ecological and carbon footprints. Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square is used to estimate the long-term associations among selected variables in the top ten nations that export electricity with data spanning 1990 to 2021. The findings demonstrate that geothermal and hydro energy production is expanding, which has raised ecological and carbon footprints. Additionally, it is discovered that the rise in energy production from nuclear, solar, and wind resources decreased the ecological and carbon footprints. In contrast, results show that oil production minimized environmental deterioration while coal and gas production increased it. This research also discovered that research and development (R&D) negatively correlated with ecological and carbon footprints within economies. These findings hold significant policy implications, particularly for nations aiming to modernize their green energy sectors. Promoting environmentally sustainable geothermal and hydropower technologies, alongside increased investment in R&D, emerges as a strategic pathway toward sustainable development.
Journal Article
An overview of wind-energy-production prediction bias, losses, and uncertainties
The financing of a wind farm directly relates to the preconstruction energy yield assessments which estimate the annual energy production for the farm. The accuracy and the precision of the preconstruction energy estimates can dictate the profitability of the wind project. Historically, the wind industry tended to overpredict the annual energy production of wind farms. Experts have been dedicated to eliminating such prediction errors in the past decade, and recently the reported average energy prediction bias is declining. Herein, we present a literature review of the energy yield assessment errors across the global wind energy industry. We identify a long-term trend of reduction in the overprediction bias, whereas the uncertainty associated with the prediction error is prominent. We also summarize the recent advancements of the wind resource assessment process that justify the bias reduction, including improvements in modeling and measurement techniques. Additionally, because the energy losses and uncertainties substantially influence the prediction error, we document and examine the estimated and observed loss and uncertainty values from the literature, according to the proposed framework in the International Electrotechnical Commission 61400-15 wind resource assessment standard. From our findings, we highlight opportunities for the industry to move forward, such as the validation and reduction of prediction uncertainty and the prevention of energy losses caused by wake effect and environmental events. Overall, this study provides a summary of how the wind energy industry has been quantifying and reducing prediction errors, energy losses, and production uncertainties. Finally, for this work to be as reproducible as possible, we include all of the data used in the analysis in appendices to the article.
Journal Article
Introduction to renewable power systems and the environment with R
This textbook introduces the fundamentals of renewable electrical power systems examining their direct relationships with the environment. It covers conventional power systems and opportunities for increased efficiencies and friendlier environmental interactions. While presenting state-of-the-art technology, the author uses a practical interdisciplinary approach explaining electrical, thermodynamics, and environmental topics within every chapter. This approach allows students to feel comfortable moving across these disciplines. The added value are the examples of software programs using open source systems which serve as learning tools for the concepts and techniques described in the book-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Impacts of green and non-green energies production and R D on ecological and carbon footprints
Abstract Environmental contamination has grown to be a major issue for policymakers in recent years. This proposed study fills this void by presenting an empirical analysis that considers the effects of different green (hydropower, geothermal, solar, nuclear, and wind energy) and non-green (coal, oil, and gas) energy productions on ecological and carbon footprints. Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square is used to estimate the long-term associations among selected variables in the top ten nations that export electricity with data spanning 1990 to 2021. The findings demonstrate that geothermal and hydro energy production is expanding, which has raised ecological and carbon footprints. Additionally, it is discovered that the rise in energy production from nuclear, solar, and wind resources decreased the ecological and carbon footprints. In contrast, results show that oil production minimized environmental deterioration while coal and gas production increased it. This research also discovered that research and development (R&D) negatively correlated with ecological and carbon footprints within economies. These findings hold significant policy implications, particularly for nations aiming to modernize their green energy sectors. Promoting environmentally sustainable geothermal and hydropower technologies, alongside increased investment in R&D, emerges as a strategic pathway toward sustainable development.
Journal Article