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"engine performance"
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Effects of particle size of cerium oxide nanoparticles on the combustion behavior and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine powered by biodiesel/diesel blend
Meeting the emission norms specified by governing bodies is one of the major challenges faced by engine manufacturers, especially without sacrificing engine performance and fuel economy. Several methods and techniques are being used globally to reduce engine emissions. Even though emissions can be reduced, doing so usually entails a deterioration in performance. To address this problem, nanoadditives such as cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles are used to reduce engine emissions while improving engine performance. However, some aspects of the application of these nanoadditives are still unknown. In light of that, three sizes of CeO2 nanoparticles (i.e., 10, 30, and 80 nm) and at a constant volume fraction of 80 ppm were added to a 20% blend of waste cooking oil biodiesel and diesel (B20). A single-cylinder diesel engine operating at a 1500 rpm speed and 180 bar fuel injection pressure was used to compare the performance and emission characteristics of the investigated fuel formulations. The results showed that the addition of CeO2 nanoparticles led to performance improvements by reducing brake specific fuel consumption. Moreover, the catalytic action of CeO2 nanoparticles on the hydrocarbons helped achieve effective combustion and reduce the emission of carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbon, oxides of nitrogen, and soot. Interestingly, the size of the nanoadditive played an instrumental role in the improvements achieved, and the use of 30 nm-sized nanoparticles led to the most favorable performance and the lowest engine emissions. More specifically, the fuel formulation harboring 30 nm nanoceria reduced brake specific fuel consumption by 2.5%, NOx emission by 15.7%, and smoke opacity by 34.7%, compared to the additive-free B20. These findings could shed light on the action mechanism of fuel nanoadditives and are expected to pave the way for future research to develop more promising fuel nanoadditives for commercial applications.
Journal Article
Emissions Characteristics and Engine Performance from the Interaction Effect of EGR and Diesel-Ethanol Blends in Diesel Engine
Recently, most of the researchers focused on provide lower greenhouse gas emissions that emitted from diesel engines by using renewable fuels to be good alternative to the conventional diesel fuel. Ethanol can be derived from renewable sources such as sugar cane, corn, timber and dates. In the current study, the ethanol fuel used in the tests was derived from the dates. The effects of using exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) diesel-ethanol blend (E10) with on engine performance and emissions characteristics have been studied in diesel engine under various engine loads. This study focused the use of oxygen in the bio-ethanol composition to compensate for the decrease occurred by the addition of EGR, which improves the engine performance and reduces its emissions. In this experiment, the ratios of EGR were 10%, 20% and 30% as well as 10% ratio of ethanol was blended into the diesel fuel blend under fixed engine speed. A traditional (without additional systems to reduce emissions) four cylinders direct injection (DI) diesel engine was used for all tests. The brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased with increasing the EGR ratio by 10%, 20% and 30% by 18.7%, 22.4% and 37.4%, respectively. The thermal efficiency decreased under variable conditions of engine load for different ethanol blends. Furthermore, the emissions of NOX decreased when fuelled B10 into the engine in comparison with diesel under low engine load. Significant reduction in the NOx emissions were found when applied EGR in the tests than to the absence EGR for E10 blend and diesel. The NOx reduction rate was 12.3%, 30.6% and 43.4% when EGR rate was 10%, 20% and 30%, respectively. In addition, the concentrations of HC and CO emissions decreased more by 8.23% and 6.4%, respectively, when using E10 in comparison with the diesel for various engine loads. It is indicated that the oxygen reduction by EGR effect was compensated from ethanol blend combustion. The results showed that the combination use of E10 and EGR leads to significant reduction in engine emissions accompanied with partial reduction in the engine performance.
Journal Article
Prediction of marine diesel engine performance by using artificial neural network model
This study deals with an artificial neural network (ANN) modelling of a marine diesel engine to predict the output torque, brake power, brake specific fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperature. The input data for network training was gathered from engine laboratory testing running at various engine speeds and loads. An ANN prediction model was developed based on a standard back-propagation Levenberg–Marquardt training algorithm. The performance of the model was validated by comparing the prediction data sets with the measured experiment data and output from the mathematical model. The results showed that the ANN model provided good agreement with the experimental data with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.99. The prediction error of the ANN model is lower than the mathematical model. The present study reveals that the artificial neural network approach can be used to predict the performance of a marine diesel engine with high accuracy.
Journal Article
A Comparative Study of Machine Learning Techniques in Prediction of Exhaust Emissions and Performance of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Biodiesel Blends
Biodiesel has been receiving increasing attention because of its fuel properties and compatibility with petroleum-based diesel fuel. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the engine performance and exhaust emissions of engines using petroleum-based diesel fuel and biodiesel blends. The main goal of this study is to investigate the capability of several machine learning (ML) techniques including artificial neural network (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), general regression neural network (GRNN), radial basis function (RBFN), and support vector regression (SVR) for predicting performance and exhaust emissions of the diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel blends. The case application is a Hyundai D4CB 2.5 engine together with B0, B10 and B20 biodiesel blends which are popularly used in Vietnam. The engine process parameters are used as inputs and the outputs include predicted torque and NOx emission. Different predicting models based on ML techniques are developed and validated. The performance of each model is evaluated and compared using root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean absolute error (MAE), and correlation coefficient (R). The obtained results indicate that SVR can be used to develop the model for the prediction of performance and exhaust emissions. The study also provides a better understanding of the effects of engine process parameters on performance and exhaust emissions.
Journal Article
Cut-off Percentage of Ethanol in Diesel-Biodiesel Based Fuel Blends and Analysis of Emissions in Four Stroke-Compression Ignition Engines
One of the major challenging problems faced globally is energy security, and new generation researchers' emphasis is on alternative fuels, which could switch the fossil fuels products entirely or moderately. The current study focuses on the use of ethanol as an alternative fuel for internal combustion engines. The speciality of this fuel is the oxygenated short-chain alcohols. These alcohols may be made through the fermentation of biomass, hence this fuel comes under a renewable source of energy. A four-stroke, single-cylinder, water-cooled and naturally aspirated compression ignition diesel engine was selected for this research. The above engine tested fuels like diesel, blends of diesel and ethanol. Diesel (D 100) (v/v), ethanol 5% with the addition of diesel 95% (E 5) (v/v), ethanol 10% with the addition of diesel 90% (E10) (v/v), ethanol 15% with the addition of diesel 85% (E 15) (v/v) and ethanol 20% with the addition of diesel 80% (E20) (v/v). The influence of the upturn of ethanol in the diesel delivered a decline of nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC) matched to diesel fuel. It concluded that in these test fuels, E15 has higher brake thermal efficiency; E20 has higher brake specific fuel consumption. For emissions, E20 is the best blend compared to the remaining test fuels.
Journal Article
Energy efficiency in a dual engine using biogas and waste frying oil biodiesel
The generation of electric energy using alternative energy sources has been constantly studied by researchers owing to concerns regarding energy supply alternatives and the desire to reduce environmental impacts in its generation. This study evaluated the performance of an electricity generator operating in dual mode using biogas and biodiesel blends, which were obtained from a swine-waste biodigester and residual frying oil, respectively. The experiment was performed using blends B8, B20, B50, B80, and B100. The electrical power generated was higher in the dual mode corresponding to a load of 5.0 kW, showing differences of 18.7% for B8 and 21.7% for B100. In normal and dual modes, the B8 blend exhibited the lowest specific consumption of liquid fuel with values of 389.2 and 270.2 g kWh-1, respectively. The efficiency was higher in the normal mode, showing results of 22.0 and 24,7% using B8 and B100, respectively, compared to 17 and 20% in the dual mode corresponding to a load of 5.0 kW. These results indicate that biodiesel from residual frying oil can be used in normal mode and in combination with biogas in dual mode.
Journal Article
The Performance of A Diesel Engine Fueled With Diesel Oil, Biodiesel and Preheated Coconut Oil
Fossil fuel crisis and depletion, environmental pollution and ever-increase in vehicle and transportation means have renewed the scientist’s interest in the world in order to look for potential alternative fuels, which are attractive such as biodiesel, bioethanol, DME and vegetable oils. Inedible vegetable oils such as coconut oil, Jatropha oil, linseed oil or animal fat are full of potential for using directly or manufacturing biodiesel. This work is carried out in order to study the four stroke diesel engine D240 performance characteristics fueled with preheated pure coconut oil (PCO), Jatropha oil methyl ester (JOME) and compare with diesel oil (DO). The test diesel engine performance such as power (Ne), torque (Me), specific fuel consumption (ge) and thermal efficiency (ηe) is determined, calculated and evaluated while using JOME, preheated PCO and compared to DO. The results show that, power (Ne), torque (Me) and thermal efficiency (ηe) while engine is fueled with JOME and PCO are lower, otherwise specific fuel consumption (ge) is higher than those of diesel fuel, the test engine performance are gained the best for JOME and PCO100.Article History: Received Dec 9, 2016; Received in revised form January 28, 2017; Accepted February 4, 2017; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Hoang, T.A and Le,V. V. (2017). The Performance of A Diesel Engine Fueled With Diesel Oil, Biodiesel and Preheated Coconut Oil. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 6(1), 1-7.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.1.1-7
Journal Article
Modelling and Experimental Validation of a VNT Turbocharger for Improving Performances of a Marine Diesel Generator Engine
This paper presents modelling and experimental validation for improving the performances of a marine diesel generator engine. Based on the diesel engine theory, the laws of conservation of energy, and the principle of movement of flow through turbocharger nozzle, a mathematical model of a real turbocharged engine was built, concentrating on the mathematic model of flow through nozzles. This model is simulated by Matlab/Simulink program, the results of simulation showed the relationships between the engine and the turbocharger, the turbine and the compressor, and between the nozzles and the turbocharger. The experiments were carried out to validate this model, the errors between the simulation and measure were acceptable. The measure and simulation results also determined that at the low load conditions (<50% load) engine performances can be improved by adjusting nozzle opening degree (from fully opening to 90% and 80% opening).
Journal Article
Performance and emissions of diesel engine fuelled with preheated biodiesel fuel derived from crude palm, jatropha, and waste cooking oils
Biodiesel is typically made by chemically reacting lipids of palm, vegetable, and waste cooking oils and animal fat with an alcohol producing fatty acid esters. Biodiesel is not efficient in cold weather and this is biodiesel’s major problem. Viscosity has influences on the fuel flow rate and leads to poor fuel atomisation during the combustion process. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of biodiesel temperature in the range fom 40 °C and 60 °C on engine performance such as torque, brake power, brake mean effective pressure, and fuel consumption. Three types of biodiesel oil were used (crude palm oil (CPO), waste cooking oil (WCO), and jatropha oil) under biodiesel blending ratio of 5vol%. A single cylinder four-stroke engine was used and operated under different load conditions of 0% and 50% and observed emission of CO, CO2, NOx, and HC. The engine operated at 0% and 50% dynamometer load conditions and running speeds of the engine of 800 rpm, 1200 rpm, 1600 rpm, and 2000 rpm. The results of this study showed that the heating temperatures in the range from 40 °C and 60 oC in CPO10 produced the highest brake power as well as torque and BMEP. For the experimental results of exhaust emission, the preheated temperature affected the degradation of the exhaust emission. In addition, preheated biodiesel increased the pressure on the cylinder combustion chamber. It can be concluded that the biodiesel preheated blend influences the performance and emission. For CPO biodiesel, the preheated biodiesel decreased CO and NOx while the standard diesel produced the lower emission of CO2 and HC. WCO biodiesel blend produced a lower emission with increasing fuel temperature.
Journal Article