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Richard C. Atkinson was named president of the University of California in August 1995, barely four weeks after the UC Regents voted to end affirmative action. How he dealt with the admissions wars—the political, legal, and academic consequences of that historic and controversial decision, as well as the issue of governance—is discussed in this book. Another focus is the entrepreneurial university—the expansion of the University's research enterprise into new forms of scientific research with industry during Atkinson's presidency. The final crisis of his administration was the prolonged controversy over the University's management of the Los Alamos and Livermore nuclear weapons research laboratories that began with the arrest of Los Alamos scientist Wen Ho Lee on charges of espionage in 1999. Entrepreneurial President explains what was at stake during each of these episodes, how Atkinson addressed the issues, and why the outcomes matter to the University and to the people of California. Pelfrey's book provides an analysis of the challenges, perils, and limits of presidential leadership in the nation's leading public university, while bringing a historical perspective to bear on the current serious threats to its future as a university.

As the global economic landscape evolves, the low technological content and persistent lack of international competitiveness in China’s manufacturing exports have become increasingly apparent, underscoring the urgent need for a transition from “quantity” to “quality” in the sector. Administrative approval reform, a key pillar of institutional innovation in the new era, plays a critical role in enhancing the technological complexity of manufacturing exports and strengthening international competitiveness. Using data from 2001 to 2013, this study investigates the impact of administrative approval reform on the technological complexity of manufacturing exports and explores its underlying mechanisms from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. Theoretical model analysis suggests that administrative approval reform effectively increases technological complexity by reducing the marginal and fixed costs associated with adjusting product complexity. Empirical findings provide robust evidence that administrative approval reform significantly enhances technological complexity, with results holding across various sensitivity tests. At the micro level, the reduction of institutional transaction costs emerges as a key channel through which the reform exerts its impact. Additionally, increasing investment in research and development, fixed assets, and technological innovation are identified as critical pathways influencing technological complexity. The reform’s effects are particularly pronounced for non-state-owned enterprises and firms located in coastal and port cities, as revealed by a heterogeneity analysis. Furthermore, a decomposition of city-level export technological complexity using the DOP method shows that improved inter-firm resource allocation—by shifting market share from firms with lower technological complexity to those with higher technological complexity—serves as the primary mechanism driving the observed improvements at the city level. This study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on the role of administrative approval reform in fostering the technological upgrading of manufacturing exports, highlighting its differentiated impact across firm types and regions. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers seeking to enhance the technological complexity and international competitiveness of manufacturing exports in China.

This study was aimed at developing a cognitive-econometric model for assessing the effectiveness of the current governmental policies to support enterprises in Russia in the context of pandemic propagation. Using the Granger test and correlation analysis, we formed a system of key indicators that characterizes the economic development of SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) in Russia. Based on the revealed causal relationships and correlation coefficients, a model describing the impact of public policy support instruments on SME economic development was built using cognitive modeling. By means of the additive convolution method, the correlation coefficient between the Russia Small Business Index (RSBI) and the COVID-19 prevalence rate was used to predict the 2020 year-end RSBI value. Regarding the RSBI index forecast, the effectiveness of instruments of the state support for SMEs was evaluated. It was determined how much these indicators of the anti-crisis package of measures should change to increase SMEs' business activities. The developed cognitive model can be utilized by private and governmental institutions to continuously monitor the effectiveness of public policies that support SMEs. It can also be used as a preventive indicator to evaluate the impact of the anti-crisis measures during pandemics and in the case of other exogenous risks threatening SMEs. The originality of the research results was determined by the econometric methods applied to empirically assess the effectiveness and degree of impact of governmental measures on the operation of SMEs under conditions of uncertainty.

The research examines the impact of quarantine restrictions on the operational and financial activities of Ukraine and compares it with the economic indicators of GDP of other leading countries. This article aims to conduct an economic and legal analysis of ways taken by governments around the world, including Ukraine, to ensure and support businesses during the financial crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. Statistical indicators showed a decline in the economic development of the leading countries of the world and Ukraine due to the consequences of quarantine restrictions, which negatively affected entrepreneurial activity and increased world unemployment. The authors of this article provide the comparative characteristic of the state programs for supporting business in the leading countries of the world and Ukraine. An analysis of macroeconomic indicators of the economic and social development of Ukraine highlights differences in their calculations. It indicates the negative trends associated with the decline in the consumer price index and industrial production compared to the average wage index in Ukraine in recent years of quarantine shock. The authors' vision of ways to overcome the economic crisis of entrepreneurship is offered.

The article is devoted to the monitoring segment in modeling the level of financial security of a modern entrepreneurial entity, attention is drawn to the content of the problems that motivate change. The economic and mathematical model “Monitoring and correcting segment” with establishment of principles of its adaptation is offered in scientific development. The author’s vision of the stages of implementation of economic-mathematical models (EMM) with detailing the actions of performers is given. The components of the five-factor model of criteria for assessing the level of financial security of entrepreneurial entities are identified and the coefficient of the monitoring and correcting segment is proposed, which provides the formation of information flow for management decisions based on the updated database. To improve the quality of management decisions in the field of financial security, a scale for assessing the level of deviations according to the criterion of the monitoring and correcting segment has been developed for entrepreneurial entities. The expediency of introduction of the offered changes in system of an estimation of financial safety of entrepreneurial entities is proved, and the directions of the further researches are established.

Given that 2020 was completely different to what we used to know, and also a particularly difficult year due to SARS-Cov-2 pandemic and to the restrictions imposed by all states worldwide in order to address such pandemic by limiting movement freedom or people and by enacting quarantine measures in many countries, most businesses and companies, irrespective of their field of activity, had losses and a decrease of business activities. In order to support entrepreneurship in hospitality industry (HoReCa) and in other industries as well, many states enacted certain temporary measures to reduce VAT rates, either for standard tax and reduced tax. Thus, governmental authorities seek to stimulate businesses like HoReCa through VAT reduction, as such businesses were among the most seriously impacted. Moreover, there is an international trending to eliminate or introduce zero-VAT rate for the sale of e-books and other electronic publications.