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"environmental monitoring"
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Real-time water quality monitoring using Internet of Things in SCADA
Water pollution is the root cause for many diseases in the world. It is necessary to measure water quality using sensors for prevention of water pollution. However, the related works remain the problems of communication, mobility, scalability, and accuracy. In this paper, we propose a new Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system that integrates with the Internet of Things (IoT) technology for real-time water quality monitoring. It aims to determine the contamination of water, leakage in pipeline, and also automatic measure of parameters (such as temperature sensor, flow sensor, color sensor) in real time using Arduino Atmega 368 using Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) module. The system is applied in the Tirunelveli Corporation (Metro city of Tamilnadu state, India) for automatic capturing of sensor data (pressure, pH, level, and energy sensors). SCADA system is fine-tuned with additional sensors and reduced cost. The results show that the proposed system outperforms the existing ones and produces better results. SCADA captures the real-time accurate sensor values of flow, temperature, and color and turbidity through the GSM communication.
Journal Article
Development of a hybrid pollution index for heavy metals in marine and estuarine sediments
Heavy metal pollution of sediments is a growing concern in most parts of the world, and numerous studies focussed on identifying contaminated sediments by using a range of digestion methods and pollution indices to estimate sediment contamination have been described in the literature. The current work provides a critical review of the more commonly used sediment digestion methods and identifies that weak acid digestion is more likely to provide guidance on elements that are likely to be bioavailable than other traditional methods of digestion. This work also reviews common pollution indices and identifies the Nemerow Pollution Index as the most appropriate method for establishing overall sediment quality. Consequently, a modified Pollution Index that can lead to a more reliable understanding of whole sediment quality is proposed. This modified pollution index is then tested against a number of existing studies and demonstrated to give a reliable and rapid estimate of sediment contamination and quality.
Journal Article
The Imperial County Community Air Monitoring Network: A Model for Community-based Environmental Monitoring for Public Health Action
The Imperial County Community Air Monitoring Network (the Network) is a collaborative group of community, academic, nongovernmental, and government partners designed to fill the need for more detailed data on particulate matter in an area that often exceeds air quality standards. The Network employs a community-based environmental monitoring process in which the community and researchers have specific, well-defined roles as part of an equitable partnership that also includes shared decision-making to determine study direction, plan research protocols, and conduct project activities. The Network is currently producing real-time particulate matter data from 40 low-cost sensors throughout Imperial County, one of the largest community-based air networks in the United States. Establishment of a community-led air network involves engaging community members to be citizen-scientists in the monitoring, siting, and data collection process. Attention to technical issues regarding instrument calibration and validation and electronic transfer and storage of data is also essential. Finally, continued community health improvements will be predicated on facilitating community ownership and sustainability of the network after research funds have been expended. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1772
Journal Article
A review on drone-based harmful algae blooms monitoring
Rapid development and applications of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) provide promising solutions to and new opportunities for environmental monitoring. Owing to their flexibility in flight scheduling, high spatial resolution, and costs-effectiveness, UAVs have become a popular tool for monitoring dynamic environmental processes, such as emergence and outbreak of harmful algae blooms (HABs). The HABs outbreak, often linked with anthropogenic eutrophication, has become a serious environmental health problem that threats our communities. Existing studies show that UAV-based HABs monitoring is a cost-effective means of assisting environmental managers in developing precautionary warning system and coping strategies. This article summarized the state-of-the-art of using UAVs and lightweight onboard multispectral sensors for HABs monitoring from the perspective of quantitative remote sensing. It culminates in a discussion of challenges and opportunities for future research and applications on drone-based HABs monitoring.
Journal Article
Three-dimensional electronic microfliers inspired by wind-dispersed seeds
Large, distributed collections of miniaturized, wireless electronic devices
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,
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may form the basis of future systems for environmental monitoring
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, population surveillance
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, disease management
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and other applications that demand coverage over expansive spatial scales. Aerial schemes to distribute the components for such networks are required, and—inspired by wind-dispersed seeds
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—we examined passive structures designed for controlled, unpowered flight across natural environments or city settings. Techniques in mechanically guided assembly of three-dimensional (3D) mesostructures
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–
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provide access to miniature, 3D fliers optimized for such purposes, in processes that align with the most sophisticated production techniques for electronic, optoelectronic, microfluidic and microelectromechanical technologies. Here we demonstrate a range of 3D macro-, meso- and microscale fliers produced in this manner, including those that incorporate active electronic and colorimetric payloads. Analytical, computational and experimental studies of the aerodynamics of high-performance structures of this type establish a set of fundamental considerations in bio-inspired design, with a focus on 3D fliers that exhibit controlled rotational kinematics and low terminal velocities. An approach that represents these complex 3D structures as discrete numbers of blades captures the essential physics in simple, analytical scaling forms, validated by computational and experimental results. Battery-free, wireless devices and colorimetric sensors for environmental measurements provide simple examples of a wide spectrum of applications of these unusual concepts.
With a design inspired by wind-dispersed seeds, a series of three-dimensional passive fliers at the macro-, meso- and microscale are realized that can bear active electronic payloads.
Journal Article