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In this work, the efficacy of two metal–organic frameworks (MIL-101(Fe) and NH 2 -MIL-101(Fe)) in eliminating acetamiprid (ATP) insecticide and eosin Y (EY) dye from aqueous solution is tested. An analysis was conducted on the developed nanocomposite’s optical, morphological, and structural characteristics. The adsorption isotherm, kinetics, thermodynamics, reusability, and mechanisms for ATP and EY dye removal were assessed. NH 2 -MIL-101(Fe) adsorbed 76% and 90% of ATP pesticide and EY dye, respectively after 10 to 15 min in optimum conditions. For both adsorbents, with regard to explaining the isotherm data, the Langmuir model offered the most accurate description. Moreover, the adsorption of ATP and EY dye is described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacities of ATP and EY dye on MIL-101(Fe) were 57.6 and 48.9 mg/g compared to 70.5 and 97.8 mg/g using NH 2 -MIL-101(Fe). The greatest amount of ATP and EY dye clearance was obtained at a neutral medium for both adsorbents. The results of this investigation demonstrate the effectiveness of MIL-101(Fe) and NH 2 -MIL-101(Fe) as effective substances in the adsorption process for removing pesticides and dyes from aqueous solution.

Due to the advantages of non-toxicity, high chemical stability, high activity and low cost, TiO 2 is deemed as ideal material for photocatalytic degradation. However, due to its relatively high band-gap energy, anatase TiO 2 can only absorb UV light and light with higher energy. In this work, the anatase TiO 2 particles were decorated with two organic photosensitizers hemin and eosin Y. The morphology and chemical structure of the composites were verified by SEM, XRD patterns and Raman spectra, the light absorption ability and generation of free radicals were also investigated. The band-gap energy of TiO 2 , hemin/TiO 2 and EY/TiO 2 were found to be 2.82 eV, 0.72 eV and 0.95 eV, respectively. Additionally, absorption of more visible light and generation of more superoxide radicals were achieved after decoration of photosensitizers. Consequently, the photocatalytic degradation activity was largely improved, when the TiO 2 particles was decorated with 3% of hemin, the degradation rate of methyl blue reached 76.89% and 63.82% in 120 min under UV light and visible light, respectively, which were 1.86 and 1.84 times that of neat TiO 2 . Comparatively, the ferric ions in hemin may capture the electrons generated by TiO 2 and then deliver the electrons to oxygen to generate more superoxide radicals, thus hemin/TiO 2 exhibits higher photocatalytic degradation activity than EY/TiO 2 . Graphical Abstract

Visible light mediated synthesis of benzoxazoles from benzanilides under an air atmosphere at room temperature is reported using eosin Y as an organophotoredox catalyst by functionalization of C–H/C–O bond formation. This methodology accepts a broad range of functional groups and affords the benzoxazoles by transition-metal-free organic photoredox catalysis under very mild conditions.

In this study, new chitosan Schiff base functionalized malic acid (CS-SB/MA) and its Fe2O3 (CS-SB/MA/Fe) composite were prepared through a simple route and characterized by different techniques including FT-IR, XRD, TGA, DSC, FESEM, and BET. The characterization results indicated that the desired compounds, CS-SB/MA and CS-SB/MA/Fe, were successfully prepared. In addition, the adsorption of Eosin Y (EY) from aqueous solution using the as-prepared compound, CS-SB/MA/Fe, was studied. The influence of important parameters such as pH solution and contact time were also studied and reported. EY adsorption by the as-prepared CS-SB/MA/Fe2O3 composite was found to be optimal at a pH solution of 5, a contact time of 90 min, and an adsorbent dosage of 0.02 g. The maximum removal percentage and adsorption capacity were calculated to be 93.56% and 65.52 mg/g, respectively. The EY adsorption followed by the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model as a chemisorption process including different interactions between anionic groups of EY and the functional groups of CS-SB/MA/Fe. Therefore, the prepared chitosan-base adsorbent, CS-SB/MA/Fe, has great potential application for the removal of organic dyes from wastewater.

In this study, eco-friendly chitosan-polyvinylpyrrolidone composite (CS-PVP) was synthesized from a facile one-pot reaction at room temperature and characterized using Fourier transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and elemental mapping. Characterization results confirmed the successful synthesis of CS-PVP with rough surface morphology, good crystallinity and good thermal stability with the Tpeak of the first decomposition at 330 °C. Therefore, a batch experiment was carried out in order to remove eosin Y (EY) dye from the aqueous solution using CS-PVP. The effect of initial pH solution, sorbent dose and contact time on the removal efficiency of EY were considered. Result predicted that the adsorption capacity increased with the solution pH decreased from 5 to 3. The maximum adsorption capacity was 77.24 mg/g (98%) at pH solution of 3, adsorbent dose of 0.02 g and 180 min contact time. In addition, the adsorption process of EY was well fitted by the pseudo-first order (PFO) kinetic model and the Freundlich isotherm. The adsorption mechanism of EY using CS-PVP composite can be attributed to the different electrostatic attractions, hydrogen bonding and n–π interaction. The desorption studies of EY dye from the surface of PVP-CS showed that it is reusable. The thermodynamic parameters for adsorption of EY using CS-PVP were calculated and results confirmed that the adsorption is endothermic and spontaneous. This process is simple, low-cost and high effective in organic dye remove using the as-prepared CS-PVP composites.

When Cu(II) reacts with ascorbic acid (AA) to form Cu(I), Cu(I) can combine with eosin Y (EY) to form ionic associations, resulting in significant fluorescence quenching of the EY. Based on the turn-off of fluorescence in the chemosensor EY, a green reaction is proposed herein for the detection of Cu(II). The novel detection method for Cu(II) demonstrates simplicity, high sensitivity, and excellent selectivity, rendering it suitable for analyzing environmental samples. A static fluorescence quenching mechanism is validated through the Stern–Volmer relationship, and the thermodynamic parameters of the reaction are explored using a van 't Hoff plot. The reaction mechanism is investigated via fluorescence spectra, absorption spectra, and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. The probe's green nature is confirmed by applying four green analytical chemistry metrics.

Ammi visnaga is a biennial or annual herbaceous plant belonging to the family Apiaceae. For the first time, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using an extract of this plant. Biofilms are a rich source of many pathogenic organisms and, thus, can be the genesis of various disease outbreaks. In addition, the treatment of cancer is still a critical drawback for mankind. The primary purpose of this research work was to comparatively analyze antibiofilms against Staphylococcus aureus, photocatalytic activity against Eosin Y, and in vitro anticancer activity against the HeLa cell line of silver nanoparticles and Ammi visnaga plant extract. The systematic characterization of synthesized nanoparticles was carried out using UV–Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, and X-ray diffraction microscopy (XRD). The initial characterization was performed with UV-Vis spectroscopy, where a peak appeared at 435 nm, which indicated the SPR band of the silver nanoparticles. AFM and SEM were performed to determine the morphology and shape of the nanoparticles, while EDX confirmed the presence of Ag in the spectra. The crystalline character of the silver nanoparticles was concluded with XRD. The synthesized nanoparticles were then subjected to biological activities. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by determining the inhibition of the initial biofilm formation with Staphylococcus aureus using a crystal violet assay. The response of the AgNPs against cellular growth and biofilm formation was found to be dose dependent. Green-synthesized nanoparticles showed 99% inhibition against biofilm and bacteria, performed excellent anticancer assay with an IC50 concentration of 17.1 ± 0.6 µg/mL and 100% inhibition, and photodegradation of the toxic organic dye Eosin Y up to 50%. Moreover, the effect of the pH and dosage of the photocatalyst was also measured to optimize the reaction conditions and maximum photocatalytic potential. Therefore, synthesized silver nanoparticles can be used in the treatment of wastewater contaminated with toxic dyes, pathogenic biofilms, and the treatment of cancer cell lines.

Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining has been widely used as a fundamental and essential tool for diagnosing diseases and understanding biological phenomena by observing cellular arrangements and tissue morphological changes. However, conventional staining methods commonly involve solution-based, complex, multistep processes that are susceptible to user-handling errors. Moreover, inconsistent staining results owing to staining artifacts pose real challenges for accurate diagnosis. This study introduces a solution-free H&E staining method based on agarose hydrogel patches that is expected to represent a valuable tool to overcome the limitations of the solution-based approach. Using two agarose gel-based hydrogel patches containing hematoxylin and eosin dyes, H&E staining can be performed through serial stamping processes, minimizing color variation from handling errors. This method allows easy adjustments of the staining color by controlling the stamping time, effectively addressing variations in staining results caused by various artifacts, such as tissue processing and thickness. Moreover, the solution-free approach eliminates the need for water, making it applicable even in environmentally limited middle- and low-income countries, while still achieving a staining quality equivalent to that of the conventional method. In summary, this hydrogel-based H&E staining method can be used by researchers and medical professionals in resource-limited settings as a powerful tool to diagnose and understand biological phenomena.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a devastating complication of diabetes. Renal functional deterioration caused by tubular injury is the primary change associated with this disease. Calycosin shows protective roles in various diseases. This study explored the function and underlying mechanism of calycosin in DKD. HK-2 cells were treated with 25 mM high glucose (HG) to establish a renal tubule injury cell model. Then, the viability of cells treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μM of calycosin was measured using Cell Counting Kit-8. For the in vivo model, db/db mice were treated with 10 and 20 mg/kg/day of calycosin; db/m mice served as controls. The histomorphology was analyzed via haematoxylin and eosin staining. HG-induced decreased expression of glutathione (491.57 ± 33.56 to 122.6 ± 9.78 μmol/mL) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (inhibition rate 92.3%) and increased expression of lactate dehydrogenase (3.85 ± 0.89 to 16.84 ± 2.18 U/mL), malondialdehyde (3.72 ± 0.66 to 18.2 ± 1.58 nmol/mL), lipid ROS (4.31-fold increase) and NCOA4 (7.69-fold increase). The effects induced by HG could be blocked by calycosin. Moreover, calycosin alleviated the HG-induced decrease of cell viability and the increase of lipid ROS, but erastin could block the effects caused by calycosin. The in vivo model showed that calycosin alleviated the renal injury caused by diabetes. Calycosin has a protective effect on diabetic kidney disease; ferroptosis may be involved in this process.

This work investigates the prospective usage of dried date palm residues for eosin Y and eosin B (ES-Y and ES-B) dye removal from an aqueous solution. A green synthesis route is utilized to prepare carbon nanofibers (CNFs) from date palm residues. We study the characteristics of carbon nanomaterials based on their composition and morphology. The characterization includes different types of instruments such as a Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Batch mode experimentations are conducted and studied utilizing various significant factors such as the dose of the adsorbent, solution pH, contact time, and the initial quantity of eosin molecules as a pollutant. The dye adsorption capability improves with an increasing adsorbent dose of up to 40 mg of CNFs. The adsorption of dyes onto CNFs achieves equilibrium in around 60 h, whereas the optimal starting dye concentration in this study is 50 ppm. Further, to study the under-investigated toxic molecules’ adsorption process mechanism on the nanomaterials’ active sites, we introduce kinetic models involving pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and models based on intra-particle diffusion. Langmuir and Freundlich’s isotherms are considered to study the equilibrium isotherms, and the Langmuir isotherm model deals considerably with the attained experimentation results.